翻譯英語PartⅡPassageTherearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdatacollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgasastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.A2008studybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“l(fā)abor-marketpremiumtoskill”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathigh-schoolgraduatesearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwitha sincethe1980s.In2005,thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned＄50,900,62%morethanthe＄31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.There’snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.Butalookatthestrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard＄49,260in2007-2008)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent(＄35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountof easbeinganin-statestudents(＄17,380)there?Notlikely.No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren’tevaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.Aswithauto s,consumersintoday’scollegemarketcehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccura y,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?What’stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtoHugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampusItdoesn’tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegeCollegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartingGoingtocollegedoesn’tnecessarilybringtheexpectedThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thenrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesandthelabormarketpreferredhigh-schoolgraduatestocollegecompetitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethanthegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesStudentwhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitysavemoreonreceiveabettertakemoreliberal-artsavoidtravelinglongInthisconsumeristage,mostregardcollegeeducationasawiseceapremiumontheprestigeofthethinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentoconsidercollegeeducationaconsumerWhatisthechiefconsiderationwhenstudentschooseacollegeAsatisfyingexperiencewithintheir Itsfacilitiesandlearning ItsrankingamongsimilarPassageCripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealth esandcost.TheUStakestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.Arecentstudy yzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors---twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists---ingivenoneyear.Contrarytoapopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudoesn'tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityor e,thebetterhe'sreimbursed.Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceiveleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycare physicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient'sbinethisfactwithannual ernmentthreatstoindiscrimina ycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasetytobooste.Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortoeach-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.Medicalstudentsaren'tblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimary 唯 所有，其它均為倒賣者。。2014年考 、雅思、GRE、四六級(jí)正在火熱招生中，公共課40，專業(yè)課60哦，15年考研課程，已經(jīng)開售，歡迎咨 ,保證淘寶更新最HowdowefixthisItstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidencebasedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.Theauthor'schiefconcernaboutthecurrentUShealthcaresystem theinadequatetrainingofThedecliningnumberoftheshrinkingprimarycaretheever-risinghealthcareWelearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelieve Themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivetheseeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticvisitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodthemoredoctortakingcareofapatient,theFacewiththe ernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscrimina carephysicianshaveto increase ebyworkingimprovetheirexpertiseandMakevariousdealswithseemorepatientsattheexpenseofWhydomanymedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheirTheyfindtheneedforprimarycareThecurrentsystemworksagainstprimaryPrimarycarephysicianscommandlessTheythinkworkinginemergencyroomsWhatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthA.BridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistandprimarycareB.ExtendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicC.RecruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingD.ReducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirPassageThreeBossessay“yes”Risingcostsofofficespace,timelosttostressfulcommuting,andaslowrecognitionthatworkershavelivesbeyondtheoffice-allarestrongargumentsforlettingstaffworkfromhome.Forthesmallbusiness,thereareadditionalbenefitstoo-staffaremoreproductive,andhappier,enablingfirmstokeeptheirheadcountsandtheirrecruitmentcoststoaminimum.Itcanalsoprovidecompetitiveadvantage,especiallywhensmallbusinesseswanttoattractnewstaffbutdon'thavethebudgettoofferhugesalaries. managershaveknownaboutthebenefitsforalongtime,manyhavedonelittleaboutit,scepticalofwhethertheycouldtrusttheiremployeestoworktofullcapacitywithoutsupervision,orconcernedabouttheadditionalexpenseseworkingpoliciesmightincurasstaffstartchargingtheirhomephonebillstotheYetthisisnowchanging.WhencommunicationsproviderInter- researchedtheuseofremoteworkingsolutionsamongsmallandmediumsizedUKbusinessesinAprilthisyear,itfoundthat28%morecompaniesclaimedtobepractisingflexibleworkingpracticesthanayearago.TheUKnetworkofBusinessLinksconfirmsthatittoohasseenagrowinginterestinremoteworkingsolutionsfromsmallbusinessesseekingitsadvice,andclaimsthatasmanyas60-70%ofthebusinessesthatcomethroughitsdoorsnowoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirwork Technologyadvances,includingthewidespreadavailabilityofbroadband,aremakingtheintroductionofremoteworkingano-brainer."Ifsystemsaresetupproperly,staffcanhaveaccesstoalltheresourcestheyhaveintheofficewherevertheyhaveaninternetconnection,"saysAndyPoulton,e-businessadvisoratBusinessLinkforBerkshireandWiltshire."Therearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledthis."Oneistheubiquityofbroadband,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativensinceforeventhemostremoteexchanges)."Thisistheenabler,"Poultonsays.Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasqueradingasbusiness-friendly"Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas￡15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciatethehiddencostsofsuchaservice,"saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland."Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularoutagesandheavilycongestednetworks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestolookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliability,withgoodsupport."Suchservicesneedn'tbreakthebank-qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof￡30amonth.Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackupeveninternet-basedphone s,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseof orreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker-facilitiessuchasvoic andcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthe ←imageforcustomersandbusinesspartners.Bylaw,companiesmust"considerseriously"requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.ItwastheneedmodateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightVigartobeginpromoting eworkingrecently.The ,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructuretoprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesametime.MarketingdirectorJackO'Hernexinsthatthe hasarelativelyyoung ,manyofwhomareparents:"Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity-nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified."ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletowork umproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat'sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.O'Hernsays:"Althoughmostofourworkis -basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan'tseeanyreasonwhyaparentcan'tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlaterintheday."Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixed ephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings."WithWi-Fi[fast,wirelessinternetconnections]popupalloverthece,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingtokilltimeattheshops,"headds. willalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.Ithasenabledthe todispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingtherealisationthatitjustdidn'tneedthemanymore."Themainmotivationbehindadoptinghomeworkingwastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,"saysHargreaves."ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone, andatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn'tneedourofficesatall.We'renowsaving￡16,000ayearonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwould