BritishCultureEducationLiteratureScenicsports&historicalsitesBritishCultureEducation1ⅠBritishEducationElementaryEducationSecondaryEducationHigherEducationⅠBritishEducationElementaryE21.ElementaryEducationAllchildrenintheU.K.mustreceiveafull-timeeducationfromtheageof5to16.Compulsoryeducation1.ElementaryEducationAllchi3StatePrimarySchoolAninfantsection(5-7);Ajuniorsection(7-11);KindergartenorNurserySchools(3-5);StatePrimarySchoolAninfant4StatePrimarySchoolTheacademicyearbeginsinSeptember,andisdividedintothreeterms,withholidaysatChristmas,Easterandinthesummer.StatePrimarySchoolTheacadem5Mostprimaryschoolsarewhollymaintainedbythelocalauthorities.Onethirdbelongstochurches,eitherAnglicanorRomanCatholic.Mostprimaryschoolsarewholl6PrepSchoolsThepreparatoryschoolsareindependentschoolsforchildrenfrom7or8upto13.Theprepschoolcurriculumdiffersfrom…Itsmaintargetisthe“commonentrance”examinationattheageof13,foradmissiontoapublicschool.PrepSchoolsThepreparatorysc72.SecondaryEducationTwocompleteeducationalsystems:Thestateschools;Theindependentschools;2.SecondaryEducationTwocomp8Forallchildreninstateschools,secondaryeducationbeginsattheageof11.Thereareatthistimetwosystemsforsecondaryeducation,theselectiveandthecomprehensive.Forallchildreninstatescho9SchoolsatthisstageGrammarSchool;ComprehensiveSecondarySchool;SecondaryModernSchool;PublicSchool;SchoolsatthisstageGrammarS10GrammarSchoolOldestschoolsinU.K.;WilliamShakespeare;3%ofthestateschoolstudents;Theseschoolsarereservedfor…GrammarSchoolOldestschoolsi112002年高中入學率London5８％；MexicoCity62%;LosAngels90%;Shanghai94%;Tokyo97%;2002年高中入學率London5８％；12GeneralNationalVocationalQualifications國家專業(yè)資格證書這一證書是專為職業(yè)技術學校畢業(yè)的學生設置的，共分５個級別，這就便于人們按階梯逐級攀登，根據(jù)自己條件通過實際工作和專業(yè)培訓由低級向高級發(fā)展．獲四級國家專業(yè)資格證書相當于學士學位；獲五級相當于研究生水平．GeneralNationalVocationalQu1390%studentsattendComprehensiveSecondarySchool;5%attendSecondaryModernSchool;90%studentsattendComprehens14PublicSchoolThefourmostfamous:EtonCollege;HarrowSchool;WinchesterCollege;RugbySchool;PublicSchoolThefourmostfam15Theyemphasizetwofactorsineducation.Oneisthestudyofclassicsandscience(needsofthebourgeoisie),theotheristhedevelopmentofcharacter.Thepublicschoolspiritisteamspiritandleadership.Theyemphasizetwofactorsin163.HigherEducationBritishuniversitiesarepublicbodieswhichreceivefundsfromcentralgovernment.Sofar,theUKhasonlyoneprivatelyfundeduniversity,theUniversityofBuckingham.3.HigherEducationBritishuni17Oxford&CambridgeNearlyallCabinetMinisterswhowenttouniversity…Oxbridge;46%ofConservativePartyMembersofParliament…?oftheGovernmentexecutives…Mostseniorcivilservantsare…Oxford&CambridgeNearlyallC18著名的牛津人（知名牛津校友）牛津產生了4位英國國王，46位諾貝爾獎獲得者，25位英國首相，3位圣人，86位大主教以及18位紅衣主教。國王

愛德華七世

愛德華八世

著名的牛津人（知名牛津校友）19總統(tǒng)和首相

克雷芒·艾德禮安東尼·艾登哈羅德·麥克米蘭哈羅德·威爾遜愛德華·希斯瑪格利特·撒切爾托尼·布萊爾比爾·克林頓總統(tǒng)和首相

克雷芒·艾德禮20TwofeaturesofOxfordandCambridge:Thecollegesystem;Tutorialsystem;TwofeaturesofOxfordandCam21ScottishUniversities;TheMiddle-AgedUniversities;Post-WarUniversities;TheOpenUniversity;ScottishUniversities;22ⅡBritishLiteratureFictionPoetryDramaⅡBritishLiteratureFiction23FictionFables:whichareaboutanimalsorsupernaturalpersonsorincidentsandwhosepurposeisteachingamoralareprobablytheearliestformofstory-telling.FictionFables:whichareabout24Legendscomelater;Thebest-lovedstoryisaboutRobinHoodwhowasapopularherolivingunderthegreenwoodwithhismen,takingfromtherichandgivingtothepoorandwagingwaragainstbishopsandarchbishops.Legendscomelater;25ThomasMore(1478-1535)InUtopiaMoreexposesthepovertyofthelaboringclassesandthegreedoftherich;hepointsouttheprincipleofUtopia“Fromeveryoneaccordingtohiscapacities,toeveryoneaccordingtohisneeds”whichisthepracticalbasisforacommunistsociety.ThomasMore(1478-1535)InUtop26ThePuritanPeriodJohnBunyan,aprosewriter;JohnMilton,anoutstandingpoet;ThePuritanPeriodJohnBunyan,27JohnBunyanThreegreatallegoriesintheworldliterature:Spenser’sFaeryQueen;Dante’sDivinaCommedia;Bunyan’sPilgrim’sProgress;JohnBunyanThreegreatallegor28Pilgrim’sProgressItisareligiousallegorywhichdepictsthespiritualpilgrimageofaChristian,whofliesfromtheCityofDestruction,meetswithperilsandtemptationsattheSloughofDespond,VanityFair…andfinallyreachestheDelectableMountains.Pilgrim’sProgressItisareli29DanielDefoeModernnovelbegantoappearinthe18thcentury;Defoe:forerunnersoftheEnglishrealistnovel;ThemodernEuropeannovelbeganaftertheRenaissance,withCervantes’sDonQuixote;DanielDefoeModernnovelbegan30塞萬提斯《堂吉訶德》，是西班牙作家塞萬提斯于1605年和1615年分兩部分岀版的反騎士小說。故事背景是個早沒有騎士的年代，主角堂吉訶德幻想自己是個騎士，因而作出種種匪夷所思的行徑，最終從夢幻中蘇醒過來。塞萬提斯《堂吉訶德》，是西班牙作家塞萬提斯于1605年和1631評論家多稱《唐吉訶德》是西方文學史上的第一部現(xiàn)代小說，也是世界文學的瑰寶之一。這部書原本是打算對當時流行的騎士傳奇小說進行反諷。然而吊詭的是，由于后來騎士小說漸漸銷聲匿跡，自文壇消失，于是當初塞萬提斯諷刺騎士小說的此一初衷漸漸被后世讀者所淡忘；評論家多稱《唐吉訶德》是西方文學史上的第一部現(xiàn)代小說，也是世32后來由于美國百老匯歌舞劇《夢幻騎士》的成功改編，原本“唐吉訶德”由嘲諷那些不自量力、脫離現(xiàn)實、自以為是一代大俠的這一類型人物，如今已多被用來指那些勇敢堅持自己的理想，敢于挑戰(zhàn)社會不合理現(xiàn)象、不顧眾人嘲笑仍堅持一己信念之人物。后來由于美國百老匯歌舞劇《夢幻騎士》的成功改編，原本“唐吉訶33RobinsonCrusoeRobinCrusoetellsoftheonlysurvivorofashipwreckwholivesaloneonadesertedislandformanyyears,solvingtheproblemsoffood,clothingandshelterasbestashecan.CreatingtheimageofEnglishBourgeoisie:FridayRobinsonCrusoeRobinCrusoete34CharlesDickensOutstandingrepresentativeofcriticalrealism;Writingabouttheworkingclass;Greatestcreativewriters;CharlesDickensOutstandingrep35Someofhisnovels:OliverTwist;DavidCopperfield;TheOldCuriosityShop;HardTimes;GreatExpectations;ATaleofTwoCities;DombeyandSon;Someofhisnovels:OliverTwis36WilliamMakepeaceThackerayWritingaboutmiddle-class;Masterpiece:VanityFair;ThetitlewastakenfromBunyan’sPilgrim’sProgress;Thesubtitleofthenovel:ANovelWithoutaHero;WilliamMakepeaceThackerayWri37WomenNovelistsJaneAusten,PrideandPrejudice;Narrowrangeofthesociety:Theconstantquestofthemiddle-classmotherforrichhusbandsforherdaughters;WomenNovelistsJaneAusten,Pr38TheBronteSistersEmily(1818-1848)WutheringHeights;Charlotte(1816-1855)JaneEyre;Ann(1820-1849);Alliterary,alltalentedandalldyingyoung,isoneofthesaddestpagesinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.TheBronteSistersEmily(1818-39TwentiethCenturyNovelistThomasHardy;D.H.Lawrence;JamesJoyce;TwentiethCenturyNovelistThom40Poetry

GeoffreyChaucer,thefatherofEnglishpoetry,thefirsttowriteintheLondondialect;TheCanteburyTales;PoetryGeoffreyChaucer,thef41JohnMiltonGreatestrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcentury;ParadiseLost;JohnMiltonGreatestrevolution42Pre-RomanticismPoetsRobertBurns;WilliamBlake;Pre-RomanticismPoetsRobertBu43WilliamWordsworthwasafamousnature-poetattheturnofthecentury;LyricalBallads;WilliamWordsworthwasafamou44Byron(1788-1824);Shelly(1792-1822);Keats(1795-1821);Ifwintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?Beautyistruth,truthbeauty;Fo