EnvironmentalImpactAssessmentZHAOMeiZOUYajunEnvironmentalImpactAssessmen1

History

Improtance

EIAinChinaCaseAnalysisDefinationStepsHistory2DefinationofEIAAnenvironmentalimpactassessment(EIA)isanassessmentofthepossibleimpactsthataproposedprojectmayhaveontheenvironment,consistingoftheenvironmental,socialandeconomicaspects.DefinationofEIAAnenvironmen3PurposeofEIAThepurposeoftheassessmentistoensurethatdecisionmakersconsidertheenvironmentalimpactswhendecidingwhetherornottoproceedwithaproject.PurposeofEIAThepurposeoft4HistoryofEIAWiththeincreasingglobalenvironmentalawareness,environmentalimpactassessmentscommencedinthe1960s.IntheUnitedStates,environmentalimpactassessmentsfirstobtainedformalstatusin1969,when

theNationalEnvironmentalPolicyActwasreleased.HistoryofEIAWiththeincrea5HistoryofEIAFourstagesofthedevelopmentofEIAinChina:

TheFirstNationalEnvironmentalProtectionConference(第一屆全國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)會(huì)議)washeldin1973,inwhichtheconceptofEIAwasfirstintroducedintoChina.Introductionand

EstablishmentStage1973~1979HistoryofEIAFourstagesoft6HistoryofEIAStandardandConstructionStage1979~1989EnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeople''sRepublicofChina(forTrialImplementation)（中華人民共和國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法（試行））wasreleasedin1979.《中華人民共和國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法（試行）》規(guī)定：一切企業(yè)、事業(yè)單位的選址、設(shè)計(jì)、建設(shè)和生產(chǎn)，都必須注意防止對(duì)環(huán)境的污染和破壞。在進(jìn)行新建、改建和擴(kuò)建工程中，必須提出環(huán)境影響報(bào)告書，經(jīng)環(huán)境保護(hù)主管部門和其他相關(guān)部門審查批準(zhǔn)后才能進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。HistoryofEIAStandardandCo7HistoryofEIAPerfectionStage1989~1998EnvironmentalProtectionLawofthePeople''sRepublicofChinawasreleasedin1989."CleanProduction"and"PublicParticipation"wereaddedintotheEISduringthestage.

《中華人民共和國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法》第十三條規(guī)定：“建設(shè)污染環(huán)境的項(xiàng)目，必須遵守國(guó)家有關(guān)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目環(huán)境管理的規(guī)定”?！敖ㄔO(shè)項(xiàng)目的環(huán)境影響報(bào)告書，必須對(duì)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目產(chǎn)生的污染和對(duì)環(huán)境影響作出評(píng)價(jià)，規(guī)定防治措施，經(jīng)項(xiàng)目主管部門預(yù)審，并依照規(guī)定的程序報(bào)環(huán)境保護(hù)行政主管部門批準(zhǔn)。環(huán)境影響報(bào)告書經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)后，計(jì)劃部門方可批準(zhǔn)建設(shè)項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書”。HistoryofEIA《中華人民共和國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)法》第十8HistoryofEIAEnhanceandExpandationStage1999~present

In2004,theenvironmentalimpactassessmentengineersystemwassetup.HistoryofEIA9ThefirstEISinChinaThefirstEISinChina10StepsofEIAStepsofEIA11StepsofEIAPreparationStageStudyrelevantdocumentsCarryoutpreliminaryprojectanalysisandcurrentevironmentinvestigationSelectthekeyprojectdemandingassessmentDeterminetheassessmentgradeCompiletheworkoutlineStepsofEIAPreparationStage12StepsofEIA2.FormalWorkStageProjectanalysisCurrentenvironmentinvestigationEnvironmentalimpactpredictionEnvironmentalimpactassessmentStepsofEIA2.FormalWorkStag13StepsofEIA3.EISCompilationStageCompiletheEIS(EnvironmentalImpactStatement)withthestatisticsandinformationfromthesecondstageStepsofEIA3.EISCompilation14ImportanceofEIAEIAisamanagementtoolforplannersanddecisionmakerstoconsidertheenvironmentalandsocialimpactsofaproject.EIAwillhelpselectanddesignprojectswithlong-termviability(生存能力)andthereforeimprovecosteffectiveness.TheultimatetargetofEIAistofacilitatesustainabledevelopment,whichisgoodforbothoftheenvironmentalprotectionandthedevelopmentofprojects.

ImportanceofEIAEIAisamana15EIAinChinaInChina,environmentalimpactassessmentwasintroducedin1979undertheEnvironmentalProtectionLaw.Afterseveralyearsofimplementation,theEIAsysteminChinahasdevelopedintoaframework(框架)thatissuitableforitsuniqueconditions.EIAinChinaInChina,environm16EIAinChinaThestrengthsofChina'sEIAsystem1.SpecificstrengthswithEISsChina'sElSsdidreasonablywellinassessingtwomajorareas:materialsconsumedorproducedfromtheproject;predictionofimpactmagnitude.2.LegalpowersThecost-benefitanalysis(成本效益分析),thetotalquantitycontrolofpollutant

dischargesystemandcleanerproductionarethreestrong

meanstohelpthelicensedagenciesproducemoreeffective

EIA.EIAinChinaThestrengthsofC17EIAinChinaTheweaknessofChina'sEIAsystem1.PublicparticipationThereisnodoubtthatpublicparticipationisoneoftheweakestpartoftheEIAsysteminChina,boththelowpublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandlimitedparticipationmechanismshaverestrictedpublicengagement.EIAinChinaTheweaknessofCh182.RelationshipsbetweentheEPBs(環(huán)保局)andlocalgovernmentInChina,somelocalgovernmentsemphasizedtoomuchon

economicdevelopment,whileoverlooked