上冊(cè)（英國(guó)）英國(guó)第一部分英國(guó)地理Ⅰ.MultipleChoices.1.ThreeofthefollowingarecharacteristicsofLondon.WhichofthefouristheEXCEPTION?A.Londonisapolitical,economicandculturalcentreofthecountry.B.LondonhasalargerpopulationthanallothercitiesinEngland.C.LondonisnotonlythelargestcityinBritain,butalsothelargestintheworld.D.Londonhasplayedasignificantroleintheeconomicconstructionofthecountry.【答案】C查看答案【解析】倫敦是英國(guó)最大的城市，也是世界上最大的城市之一，并非是最大的城市。2.WhichofthefollowingisnotapoliticaldivisionontheislandofGreatBritain?A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.NorthernIrelandD.Wales【答案】C查看答案【解析】大不列顛島上共有三個(gè)政治分區(qū)，分別為England（位于南部，面積最大、人口最稠密），Scotland（位于北部，擁有三大自然區(qū)：北部高地、中部低地和南部丘陵）和Wales（位于西部）。Ireland是大不列顛島之外的另一個(gè)島嶼，包含英國(guó)的NorthernIreland和theRepublicofIreland。故選C。3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredacharacteristicofLondon?A.Theculturalcentre.B.Thebusinesscentre.C.Thefinancialcentre.D.Thesportscentre.【答案】D查看答案【解析】倫敦是英國(guó)的文化和商業(yè)中心，也是世界金融中心。4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutBritain?A.Itusedtobeapowerfulimperialcountryintheworld.B.ItplaysanactiveroleasamemberoftheEuropeanUnion.C.Itisarelativelywealthyanddevelopedcountry.D.Itusedtobeoneofthesuperpowersintheworld.【答案】D查看答案【解析】直到現(xiàn)在，英國(guó)仍然是世界上最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家之一。因此D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheUKeconomy?A.BritainremainsoneoftheGroupofSevenlargeindustrialeconomies.B.Britainhasexperiencedarelativeeconomicdeclinesince1945.C.Therehasbeenaperiodofsteadydecreasingoflivingstandards.D.SomesmallereconomieshaveovertakentheUKintermsofoutputpercapita.【答案】C查看答案【解析】自1945年二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，英國(guó)經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，但是這是一種相對(duì)衰退，而不是絕對(duì)衰退。英國(guó)比1945年更富有了，生產(chǎn)力更強(qiáng)了。但是由于其他國(guó)家發(fā)展得更快，所以英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)從第2位下滑至第6位。因此，說(shuō)英國(guó)國(guó)民的生活水平持續(xù)下降是不正確的?？傮w上，人們的生活水平仍然在上升。6.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTthereasonfortherelativeeconomicdeclinesince1945?A.Britaindidnotinvestinmodernequipmentandnewproducts.B.Britainspentahighproportionofitsnationalwealthonthemilitary.C.Britainhadbeenheavilyindebttofinancethewar.D.Britainhadcarriedoutthenationalizationofthebusinesses.【答案】D查看答案【解析】為了給戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)籌集資金，英國(guó)已經(jīng)背上了沉重的債務(wù)，這意味著英國(guó)在進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)后階段時(shí)已經(jīng)面臨嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題了。隨著帝國(guó)時(shí)代的完結(jié),英國(guó)失去了原材料基地和廣闊的市場(chǎng)。俗稱大英帝國(guó)的“皇冠上的珠寶”的印度于1947年贏得了獨(dú)立。1979年撒切爾夫人上臺(tái)以后，實(shí)施了一系列國(guó)有企業(yè)私有化的措施。因此，英國(guó)在這一時(shí)期并沒(méi)有實(shí)行國(guó)有化的措施。7.WhichofthefollowinglivestockhasthebiggestnumberintheUK?A.Beefcattle.B.Dairycattle.C.Chicken.D.Sheep.【答案】D查看答案【解析】綿羊是英國(guó)數(shù)量最多的家畜。8.WhereisthebestagriculturallandinBritain?A.InthesoutheastofEngland.B.InthenortheastofEngland.C.InthesoutheastofScotland.D.InthenortheastofScotland.【答案】A查看答案【解析】英國(guó)最好的農(nóng)業(yè)用地是英格蘭東南部。9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacompanyintheenergysector?A.Shell.B.ICI.C.RTZ.D.BritishGas.【答案】B查看答案【解析】帝國(guó)化學(xué)工業(yè)公司（ICI）是世界上第二大油漆制造商。它并不是能源部門(mén)的企業(yè)。10.WhichofthefollowingusedtobethelastindependentcarcompanyintheUK?A.Ford.B.Peugeot.C.Rover.D.BMW.【答案】C查看答案【解析】羅孚公司（Rover）是英國(guó)最后一個(gè)被外國(guó)收購(gòu)的汽車公司。11.Intheaerospaceindustry,whichofthefollowingcountriesisaheadofBritain?A.Germany.B.TheU.S.C.Russia.D.France.【答案】B查看答案【解析】英國(guó)航空業(yè)僅次于美國(guó)，位居世界第二位。12.Whichcivilairlinewasstartedin1924aftertheFirstWorldWar?A.ImperialAirways.B.BritishAirways.C.Hawker-SiddeleyAviation.D.TheBritishAircraftCorporation.【答案】A查看答案【解析】帝國(guó)航空（ImperialAirways）是英國(guó)航空（BritishAirways）的前身，1924年成立，1974年和英國(guó)歐洲航空及其關(guān)聯(lián)的公司合并，組成了英國(guó)航空。13.WhatdidFrankWhittledoin1937?A.Heinventedthefirstjetplane.B.Hedevelopedthefirstjetengine.C.Hemadethefirstpoweredflight.D.Hemadethetrans-Atlanticflight.【答案】B查看答案【解析】弗朗克·惠特爾于1937年改進(jìn)了飛機(jī)噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，但這并不是他的發(fā)明。14.Whichcompanybecameanimportantaero-enginemanufacturerafterWWI?A.Boeing.B.RollsRoyce.C.McDonnel-Douglas.D.Hawker-SiddeleyAviation.【答案】B查看答案【解析】勞斯萊斯公司在一戰(zhàn)后成為重要的航空引擎制造商。15.WhichofthefollowingtwocompaniesmergedintoBritishAerospace?A.TheBritishAircraftCorporationandHawker-SiddeleyAviation.B.TheBritishAircraftCorporationandRollsRoyce.C.Hawker-SiddeleyAviationandGECAvionics.D.Hawker-SiddeleyAviationandRollsRoyce.【答案】A查看答案【解析】1977年，工黨政府將英國(guó)飛機(jī)公司和毫克-西德利公司合并，取名英國(guó)宇航公司。16.Whichofthefollowingcountriesisthelasttocomeoutofrecession?A.Germany.B.Japan.C.Britain.D.France.【答案】C查看答案【解析】二戰(zhàn)后爆發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，英國(guó)受到最嚴(yán)重的沖擊，是英、法、德、日四國(guó)中最后走出來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的國(guó)家。17.WhoweretheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland?A.TheAnglo-Saxons.B.TheNormans.C.TheVikings.D.TheRomans.【答案】A查看答案【解析】盎格魯-撒克遜人是日耳曼民族的分支，于五世紀(jì)中期由北歐入侵大不列顛，成為現(xiàn)今英格蘭人的祖先。18.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaneffectofimmigrationonBritishsociety?A.Thereisnowavariedcuisineforpeopletochoosefrom.B.Classtensionhasincreased.C.Newformsofpopularmusichaveemerged.D.Differentreligiousbeliefshavebeenpracticedactively.【答案】B查看答案【解析】外來(lái)移民豐富了英國(guó)的飲食、音樂(lè)、文學(xué)和宗教文化。但移民也導(dǎo)致不同種族之間關(guān)系緊張，當(dāng)?shù)厝擞X(jué)得外來(lái)者會(huì)威脅他們的生活方式。移民問(wèn)題并沒(méi)有導(dǎo)致階級(jí)緊張，而是種族間的關(guān)系緊張。19.WhichofthefollowingisNOTatruedescriptionofthesituationofethnicminoritiesintheUK?A.TheyarewellrepresentedintheBritishParliament.B.Theyareeconomicallypoorerthanthewhitepopulation.C.Theyaretreatedunfairlybythejusticesystem.D.Theyarethreatenedbysomeracistgroups.【答案】A查看答案【解析】移民群體的狀況很糟糕：他們面臨失業(yè)問(wèn)題，在政治上沒(méi)有多少發(fā)言權(quán)，而且遭到警察和司法系統(tǒng)的不公平對(duì)待。并且，盡管官方做了極大努力減少種族歧視，公開(kāi)和隱藏的種族壓迫仍然存在。因此，在議會(huì)中，移民或者說(shuō)占少數(shù)的民族并沒(méi)有太多話語(yǔ)權(quán)。20.TheLakeDistrictiswellknownfor_____.A.itswildandbeautifulsceneryB.itsvariedlakesC.thelakepoetsD.allabove【答案】D查看答案【解析】英格蘭湖區(qū)（LakeDistrict）位于英格蘭西北海岸，風(fēng)景秀麗，被英國(guó)人稱為“自己的后花園”。湖區(qū)內(nèi)遍布大小不一的16個(gè)湖。thelakepoets（湖畔派詩(shī)人）是指十九世紀(jì)英國(guó)浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)中較早產(chǎn)生的一個(gè)流派。主要代表有華茲華斯（WilliamWordsworth）、柯勒律治（SamuelTaylorColeridge）和騷賽（RobertSouthey）。他們?nèi)嗽煌[居于湖區(qū)，以詩(shī)贊美湖光山色，所以有“湖畔派詩(shī)人”之稱。故ABC三項(xiàng)均正確。21.ThelargestriverintheUnitedKingdomisthe_____.A.ThamesRiverB.SevernRiverC.ClydeRiverD.TyneRiver【答案】B查看答案【解析】英國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流為塞文河，全長(zhǎng)338千米。B項(xiàng)泰晤士河穿越倫敦市，是英國(guó)第二大河，也是最重要的一條。C項(xiàng)克萊德河是蘇格蘭境內(nèi)主要河流之一。D項(xiàng)泰茵河位于英國(guó)東北部。22.Thehighestmountainisin_____.A.SouthScotlandB.NorthScotlandC.SouthernuplandsD.Pennies【答案】B查看答案【解析】英國(guó)最高峰是本尼維斯山，位于蘇格蘭北部，海拔1343米，是格蘭扁山脈的主峰。23._____thecottonisimportedinBritain.A.MorethanhalfofB.HalfofC.AllD.Ninetypercentof【答案】C查看答案【解析】英國(guó)的主要農(nóng)作物有大麥，小麥，土豆，油菜和甜菜，棉花全部需要進(jìn)口。24.ThesecondlargestseaportcityinBritainis_____.A.LondonB.BristolC.LiverpoolD.Birmingham【答案】C查看答案【解析】利物浦是英國(guó)第二大海港城市。A項(xiàng)倫敦為第一大港。B項(xiàng)布里斯托爾是英國(guó)西南部的最大城市。D項(xiàng)伯明翰是英國(guó)第二大城市。25.ThetwolargeislandsthatmakeuptheBritishIslesare_____.A.ScotlandandIrelandB.BritainandScotlandC.GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandD.GreatBritainandIreland【答案】D查看答案【解析】不列顛群島由兩座大的島嶼和無(wú)數(shù)小島組成。兩座大島分別是大不列顛島和愛(ài)爾蘭島（GreatBritainandIreland）。英國(guó)由不列顛島（包括英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士）以及愛(ài)爾蘭島東北部的北愛(ài)爾蘭和周圍5500個(gè)小島（海外領(lǐng)地）組成。故選D。Ⅱ.Fillintheblanks.1.ThePennies,orthe_____,areakindof“upland”.Theyrun’about120kilometersfromsouthtonorth.Thehighestplaceisusuallythewestmarginwithageneraldiptowardstheeast,turningtheeasternsidethePenniesintothelowergroundborderingthe_____.ThebulkofthePenniesiscomposedofmoorland.【答案】backboneofEngland;NorthSea查看答案【解析】奔寧山脈是英國(guó)英格蘭北部的主要山脈和分水嶺。西坡陡直，東坡平緩，東坡瀕臨北海。山上多為沼澤地。2._____andtheSevernarethelongestriversinBritainandarealmostequalinlength.OtherimportantriversinEnglandarethe_____,whichenterstheIrishSeaatLiverpool.【答案】TheThames;Mersey查看答案【解析】英國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流為塞文河，全長(zhǎng)338千米，其次是泰晤士河，全長(zhǎng)336千米。默西河也是很重要的一條河流，源自奔寧山脈，注入愛(ài)爾蘭海。3.TheislandofGreatBritainismadeupofEngland,_____and_____.【答案】Scotland;Wales查看答案【解析】大不列顛島由英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士三部分組成。4.ThetwoimportantcropsinBritainare_____.【答案】wheatandbarley查看答案【解析】英國(guó)的主要農(nóng)作物有大麥，小麥，同時(shí)也生產(chǎn)土豆，油菜和甜菜。5.LondonplaysasignificantroleinBritain’seconomicandculturallife.It’snotonlythefinancial_____ofthenation,butalsooneofthemajorinternationalfinancialcentresintheworld.【答案】centre查看答案【解析】倫敦對(duì)于英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化生活有著舉足輕重的作用。它不僅是英國(guó)的金融中心，也是世界的金融中心之一。6.“TheJewelintheCrown”oftheBritishEmpire_____,whichprovidedand_____abigmarketforBritishgoods,gainedindependencein1947.【答案】India;rawmaterials查看答案【解析】俗稱大英帝國(guó)的“皇冠上的珠寶”的印度于1947年贏得了獨(dú)立，使得英國(guó)失去了一個(gè)巨大的“原料庫(kù)”和國(guó)外市場(chǎng)。7.Alowrateof_____industrialinvestmentcoupledwithaveryhighrateof_____investmentisacharacteristicoftheUKeconomy.【答案】domestic;overseas查看答案【解析】實(shí)際上，英國(guó)工業(yè)一直以來(lái)的特點(diǎn)就是國(guó)內(nèi)工業(yè)投資率較低，海外投資率較高。8.Since1945,theUKeconomyhasexperienced_____declineratherthan_____decline.【答案】relative;absolute查看答案【解析】自1945年二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)，英國(guó)經(jīng)歷了經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，但是這是一種相對(duì)衰退，而不是絕對(duì)衰退。9.Inthe1970s,thedevaluationoftheUKcurrencyforcedtheLabourgovernmenttoborrowmoneyfrom_____.【答案】theInternationalMonetaryFund查看答案【解析】英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)經(jīng)歷了一段非常艱難的時(shí)期，使得工黨不得不向國(guó)際貨幣基金組織貸款。10.TheUnitedKingdomhasbeenamemberofthe_____since1973.【答案】EuropeanUnion查看答案【解析】英國(guó)在1973年加入了歐盟。11.Inrecentyears,BritainissecondonlytotheUSasadestinationfor_____investment.【答案】internationaldirect查看答案【解析】近年來(lái)，英國(guó)是除美國(guó)以外第二大國(guó)際直接投資的引入國(guó)。12.TheUKeconomycanbedividedintothreemainsectors:_____industries,secondaryindustriesand_____industries.【答案】primary;tertiary查看答案【解析】英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)可以分成三個(gè)部分：第一產(chǎn)業(yè)、第二產(chǎn)業(yè)和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)。13.Thebeefindustrywashitbadlyby_____whichcausedabanonbeefexportsin1996.【答案】BSE查看答案【解析】牛肉產(chǎn)業(yè)曾因瘋牛病而受到嚴(yán)重沖擊，并導(dǎo)致1996年政府對(duì)牛肉出口頒布了禁令。14.Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunderthe_____,Britainhasgainedastrongpositionintheoffshoreoilindustry.【答案】NorthSea查看答案15.Glaxo-Wellcomeisthebiggestdrugcompanyintheworldwhile_____isthesecondlargestpaintmanufacturerintheworld.【答案】ICI查看答案【解析】英國(guó)的格蘭素-威爾康制藥公司是世界上最大的藥品生產(chǎn)公司。帝國(guó)化學(xué)工業(yè)公司是世界上第二大油漆制造商。16._____isoneofthebusiestshare-dealingcentresintheworld.【答案】theLondonStockExchange查看答案【解析】“倫敦證券交易所”是世界上最繁忙的股票交易中心之一。17.EnglishmanFrankWhittledevelopedtheworld’sfirst_____in1937.【答案】jetengine查看答案【解析】1937年，英國(guó)人弗蘭克·惠特爾開(kāi)發(fā)了世界上第一臺(tái)實(shí)用的噴氣式發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。18.Thegovernmenthaspromisedthat10%oftheenergyoftheUKwillcomefrom_____by2010.【答案】renewableresources查看答案【解析】1997年，英國(guó)有550個(gè)風(fēng)力渦輪機(jī)和30多個(gè)風(fēng)力發(fā)電場(chǎng)。英國(guó)政府承諾，到2010年，英國(guó)10%的能源將來(lái)自可再生能源。19.ThefullnameoftheUnitedKingdomisthe_____and_____.【答案】UnitedKingdomofGreatBritain;NorthernIreland查看答案【解析】英國(guó)的全稱是大不列顛及北愛(ài)爾蘭聯(lián)合王國(guó)。20.Britainisnowa_____societywhichproducesapopulationofwhich1in20areof_____ethnicity.【答案】multiracial;non-European查看答案【解析】英國(guó)是一個(gè)多種族的社會(huì)，大概二十分之一的人口是非歐洲血統(tǒng)。Ⅲ.True(T)orfalse(F):1.Bythe1880’stheBritisheconomywasdominantintheworld._____【答案】T查看答案【解析】十九世紀(jì)八十年代，英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)在世界上占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位。世界上1/3的制成品來(lái)自英國(guó)。世界上1/2的煤炭和1/2的棉花來(lái)自英國(guó)。航運(yùn)量比世界其他國(guó)家的總量還要大。2.BoththeUSandCanadaovertookBritainineconomyby1900._____【答案】F查看答案【解析】1900年，英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)被美國(guó)和德國(guó)超越，失去在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中的主導(dǎo)地位。當(dāng)時(shí)加拿大的經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒(méi)有超越英國(guó)。3.BytheendofWorldWarⅡ,BritainhadgoneheavilyintodebtinordertodevelopitsmanufacturingindustryandborrowedlargeamountsfromtheUSandFrance._____【答案】F查看答案【解析】為了給戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)籌集資金，英國(guó)已經(jīng)背上了沉重的債務(wù)，這意味著英國(guó)在進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)后階段時(shí)已經(jīng)面臨嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題。因此，英國(guó)在二戰(zhàn)后所背負(fù)的債務(wù)并不是因?yàn)榘l(fā)展工業(yè)，而是為了支持戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。4.AnotherreasonforBritishdeclineisthelossofitscolonies,especiallyIndia,whichgaineditsindependencein1947._____【答案】T查看答案【解析】另外，使得英國(guó)衰退的原因還有俗稱大英帝國(guó)的“皇冠上的珠寶”的印度于1947年贏得了獨(dú)立，使英國(guó)失去了一個(gè)巨大的“原料庫(kù)”。5.Inthe1970s,withthesoaringpriceofoilandhighratesofinflation,Britainwentthroughabadperiod.In1979,theLabourpartyhadtostepdownfromthegovernment._____【答案】T查看答案【解析】英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)經(jīng)歷了一段非常艱難的時(shí)期，通貨膨脹率較高，英鎊被貶值。當(dāng)時(shí)執(zhí)政的工黨不得不下臺(tái)，由保守黨上臺(tái)執(zhí)政。6.TheleaderoftheConservatives,MargaretThatcherstartedaseriesofreforms.Anextensiveprogrammeofprivatizationwascarriedout,andshewassuccessfulinanall-roundway._____【答案】F查看答案【解析】八十年代，撒切爾夫人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的保守黨執(zhí)政后，展開(kāi)了一系列私有化項(xiàng)目，許多國(guó)有企業(yè)，如鋼鐵、天然氣和航空領(lǐng)域的企業(yè)，都被私有化了。私有化項(xiàng)目成功的控制了通貨膨脹，但同時(shí)失業(yè)率激增。因此，撒切爾夫人的措施并不是在各方面都獲得了成功。7.Tertiaryindustriesincludebanking,insurance,tourism,agricultureandthesellingofgoods._____【答案】F查看答案【解析】第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，或者說(shuō)服務(wù)業(yè)，包括了銀行業(yè)，保險(xiǎn)業(yè)，旅游業(yè)，以及商品零售，其中不包括農(nóng)業(yè)。8.Britainhasalargesectorofagricultureproducing11.6%ofitsnationalwealth._____【答案】F查看答案【解析】英國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)占據(jù)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的較小一部分，只有11.6%。9.Accordingtothetext,thetertiaryindustryproducesapproximatelytwo-thirdsofthenationalwealth._____【答案】T查看答案【解析】英國(guó)的第二產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要性相對(duì)縮小了，而第三產(chǎn)業(yè)或稱服務(wù)業(yè)的重要性有了顯著提高。第三產(chǎn)業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)了英國(guó)三分之二的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值。10.TheserviceindustryintheUKemploys70%ofthetotalworkforce._____【答案】T查看答案【解析】英國(guó)的服務(wù)業(yè)提供了全國(guó)70%的就業(yè)崗位。11.AsamemberoftheWorldTradeOrganization,theUKisplayingaveryimportantroleintheworldtrade._____【答案】T查看答案【解析】作為世界貿(mào)易組織的一員，英國(guó)在世界貿(mào)易中發(fā)揮著非常重要的作用。12.TheUKisthethirdbiggestinternationalinvestorintheworld._____【答案】F查看答案【解析】根據(jù)第三版教材可知，1995年，當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)是世界上第二大的國(guó)際投資國(guó)。13.1in10oftheBritishpopulationareofnon-Europeanethnicity.【答案】F查看答案【解析】由于20世紀(jì)五、六十年代鼓勵(lì)英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家向英國(guó)移民，現(xiàn)在英國(guó)人口的二十分之一是非歐洲血統(tǒng)。14.ThemajorityofBritain’srecentimmigrantshavemainlycomefromNorthAsiaandCaribbeancountries._____【答案】F查看答案【解析】近年來(lái)，英國(guó)的大部分移民來(lái)自南亞地區(qū)和加勒比海沿岸的國(guó)家。而不是北亞地區(qū)。15.Mostimmigrantsearnalivingbyopeningrestaurantsorbecomingmusicians._____【答案】F查看答案【解析】外來(lái)移民一般通過(guò)開(kāi)餐館或成為作家、音樂(lè)家謀生，他們豐富了英國(guó)的飲食、音樂(lè)、文學(xué)和宗教文化。16.Theimmigrantshaveproblemsofunemployment,under-representationinpoliticsandunfairtreatmentbypoliceandbythejusticesystem._____【答案】T查看答案【解析】但是，移民群體的狀況很糟糕：他們面臨失業(yè)問(wèn)題，在政治上沒(méi)有多少發(fā)言權(quán)，而且遭到警察和司法系統(tǒng)的不公平對(duì)待。Ⅳ.Tellwhatyouknowaboutthefollowinginyourownwords:1.London【答案】Londonisthelargestcitylocatedinthesouthofthecountry.ItisdominantinBritaininallsortsofways.ItistheculturalandbusinesscentreandtheheadquartersofthevastmajorityofBritain’sbigcompanies.Itisnotonlythefinancialcentreofthenation,butalsooneofthethreemajorinternationalfinancialcentresintheworld.查看答案2.TheAnglo-Saxons【答案】TheyweretwogroupsofGermanicpeopleswhosettleddowninEnglandfromthe5thcentury.TheywereregardedastheancestorsoftheEnglishandthefoundersofEngland.查看答案3.RobinHood【答案】RobinHoodwasaSaxonnobleman.AshecouldnolongerputupwithoppressionsfromtheNormans,hebecameanoutlawandhidhimselfwithhisbandof“merrymen”intheforest.Fromthissecretplace,hewentouttorobfromtherichtogivethepoor.查看答案4.KingArthur【答案】ItissaidthathewastheKingofEnglandinthe5thcenturyandunitedtheBritishanddrovetheSaxonsbackwithhismagicalsword,Excalibur.Hisrealexistenceisindoubt.Heisthecentralfigureofmanylegends.查看答案5.KingHarold【答案】HewastheSaxonKingwhosearmywasdefeatedintheBattleofHastingsin1066,whenWilliamtheConquerorinvadedEnglandfromFrance.查看答案6.HomeRule【答案】IrelandhadlongbeendominatedbyBritain,butIrishdesireforanindependentIrishstatewasneverlost.“HomeRule”referstoacampaignforIrishcontrolofIrishaffairs.TheHomeRuleBillwasfinallypassedin1914,buttheprocesswasovertakenbytheFirstWorldWarandwassuspendedforthedurationofthewar.查看答案7.Privatisationinthe1980s【答案】TheBritisheconomywentthroughaparticularlybadperiodinthe1970s,withhighratesofinflationanddevaluationofthePound.Therefore,inthe1980s,whentheConservativepartyunderMargaretThatcherwasinpower,anextensiveprogrammeofprivatisationwascarriedout.Manystate-ownedbusinesses(suchassteel,telecom,gas,aerospace)wereturnedintoprivatecompanies.Privatisationwassuccessfulincontrollinginflationbutatthesametimeunemploymentrateincreasedrapidly.查看答案8.MainsectorsoftheUKeconomy【答案】TheUKnationaleconomycanbedividedintothreemainareas:primaryindustries,suchasagriculture,fishingandmining;secondaryindustrieswhichmanufacturecomplexgoodsfromthoseprimaryproducts;andtertiary(orservice)industriessuchasbanking,insurance,tourismandtheretailing.查看答案9.“TheCity”【答案】“TheCity”referstothehistoricareaatthecentreofLondon.Itisoneofthebiggestfinancialcentresintheworldwiththegreatestconcentrationofbanks,insurancecompaniesandbusinessesdealingincommodities.AttheheartofthecityistheLondonStockExchange.查看答案10.TheaerospaceindustryintheUK【答案】TheUK’saerospaceindustryisthethird-largestintheworld,producingthefullrangeofaerospaceproductsfromcivilandmilitaryaircraftstomissiles,satellitesandjetengines.Itproduces2%oftheUKnationaloutput,accountingfor8%ofmanufacturedexportgoods.查看答案11.CoalAct【答案】(1)CoalActof1938waspassedbyNevilleChamberlainonJuly1st,officiallynationalizingthecoalroyaltiesofthelandowners.(2)TheCoalIndustryNationalizationBillwentintoeffectin1946madecoalresourcespropertyofstate.Buttheadministrationoftheplanwasstillfarfromcomplete.(3)Today,thenationalCoalBoardhastheexclusivefightstoextractcoalinBritainandofficiallylicenseprivateoperatorstoworksmallmines.12.Woolsack【答案】(1)WoolsackwasusedtoreferalargecushionmadeofwoolwhichtheLordChancellorsitsonintheHouseofLords.(2)Itissaidtocommemoratetheimportanceofwoolasoneofthechiefsourcesofthenation’swealth.查看答案13.Britishdisease:【答案】(1)”Britishdisease”isamockingtermusedtodescribeBritain’sslowgrowthofproductivity,soaringinflation,andlargeunemploymentaftertheWorldWarⅡ.(2)The“disease”wasgivenasolutionbyPrimeMinisterMargaretoftheConservativeParty.Attemptsweremadetodiminishtaxationandgovernmentregulationonprivateenterpriseandthus,byenlargingthepotentialprofitsofcorporations,encourageadditionalinvestment,higherproductivity,andrenewedeconomicgrowth.(3)Thatcher’spolicy,thoughveryeffective,resultedinawidenedgapbetweenthepoorandtherich,highunemploymenthighcrimerates,andunsatisfactorysocialservices.14.Monopoly【答案】(1)Monopolyreferstotheeconomicsituationinwhichonlyasinglesellerorproducersuppliesacommodityoraservice.(2)Oneormoreofthefollowingelementsmayleadtoamonopoly:①controlofamajorresourcenecessarytoproduceaproduct;②technologicalcapabilitiesthatallowasinglefirmtoproduceatreasonablepricesalltheoutputofaparticularcommodityorservice;③exclusivecontroloverapatentonaproductorontheprocessesusedtoproducetheproduct;④governmentfranchisethatawardsacompanythesolefighttoproduceacommodityorserviceinagivenarea.(3)Amongthevariouskindsofeconomicmonopoliesarepublicutilities,trusts,cartels,andindustrialmergers.Ⅴ.Answerthequestions.1.WhatarethemaincharacteristicsofBritain’sforeigntrade?[北外2006研]【答案】ThemaincharacteristicsofBritain’sforeigntradeareasfollows:(1)InBritain,thedomesticmarketisquitelimited,andthereisalsoalackofrawmaterialsathome.Asaresult,ithastorelymuchonitsforeigntrade,findingmoremarketsandpurchasingalargeproportionofrawmaterialsintheworld.(2)SuchdevelopedstatesasFrance,Germany,theUS,andtheNetherlandsarethemaintradingpartnersofBritain,andtheCommonwealthcountriesalsoplayasignificantrole.(3)Britain’sexportsaccountforaboutfivepercentoftheworld’stotaltradevolume,anditschiefexportsarefuels,chemicals,transportequipment,manufacturedgoods,andsemi-finishedgoods.(4)Britainisalsooneofthelargestimportersoftheworld,anditschiefimportsaremachinery,manufacturedgoods,semi-finishedandconsumergoods,andfoodstuffstotheEU,whichnowaccountformorethanhalfofitstrade.2.WhatcausedtherelativedeclineoftheUKeconomyafter1945?[北外2003研]【答案】Since1945,thepictureoftheUKeconomyhasusuallybeenregardedasoneofrelativedeclineratherthanabsolutedecline.AlthoughtheUKismuchwealthierandmoreproductivenowadaysthanitwasin1945,manyothernationshavedevelopedmorerapidly.Asaresult,Britainhasslidfrombeingthesecondlargesteconomyintheworldtobeingthesixth.AndthereasonsfortherelativedeclineoftheUKeconomyareasfollows.First,asBritishindustriessurvivedalmostunaffectedduringtheSecondWorldWar,Britainwasabletocontinueitseconomicdevelopmentwithitsprewarfactoriesaswellasproducts.Besides,therelationsbetweenindustryandbanksinBritainwerenotascloseasthatinJapanandGermany.Therefore,theratesofinvestmentwereverylow.Moreover,asamemberofNATOandamemberoftheUNSecurityCouncil,theUKspentalargerproportionofitsnationalwealthonmilitarythanmostofitscompetitors.Furthermore,aftertheSecondWorldWar,Britainhadgoneheavilyintodebtsoastofinancethewar,sellingmanyofitsaccumulatedoverseasassets,andborrowinglargeamountsofcapitalfromtheUnitedStatesandCanada.Lastbutnotleast,theageofBritishEmpirefinished.Withtheindependenceofitscolonies,Britainlostalotoflargemarketsforitsproducts.AndtheindependentcoloniesalsoceasedtoprovideBritainwithrawmaterials,leavingBritainasonlyamediumsizedEuropeannation.3.WhatarethemainfactorsresponsibleforBritain’sdeclineineconomicstatusafterWWⅡ?[西安外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2006研]【答案】TheUKhasexperiencedaneconomicdeclinesince1945.Butthisisarelativedeclineratherthananabsoluteone.Britainiswealthierandmoreproductivethanitwasin1945,butsinceothercountriesdevelopedmorerapidly,ithasslidfrombeingthesecondlargesteconomytobeingthesixth.T