OutlineofPresentationOverviewRecentadvancementsChemicalEORinChinaPolymerfloodingASPfloodingFacilitiesSomecontroversialissuesandchallengesSummaryChemicalEORGlobalStatusChinahasmostfieldexperiencesUShasfocusedonimprovementsinchemicals,labstudies,andsimulatorsIncreasedchemicalEORmechanisticunderstandingsandfieldactivitiesinUSandworld-wideinrecentyearsHarryL.ChangGeneralUnderstandingPolymerflooding(PF):AmatureEORprocessPolymergels:Usedsuccessfullyinwatershut-offandprofilemodificationinselectedreservoirsSurfactant-polymer(SP):EffectivebutexpensiveASP:Effective,lessexpensive,butrequiresextensivetreatmentofinjection/producedfluidsHarryL.ChangRecentAdvancementsChemicalsLaboratoryStudiesSimulationandSimulatorsProjectDesignandImplementationFacilities,Monitoring,andEvaluationMoreFieldExperiencesHarryL.ChangEORChemicalsPolymersandrelatedchemicalsSurfactantsCo-surfactantsCo-solventsHarryL.ChangImprovementsonPolymers

(UTDavidLevittDissertation)1500ppmHPAMpolymer,23°C,11s-101020304050050,000100,000150,000200,000Electrolyte

Concentration[TDS,ppm]Viscosity

[cp]NaCl9:1NaCl/CaCl2HarryL.ChangImprovedLaboratoryTechniquesPhasebehavior/solubalizationratioHightemperatureandliveoilCorefloodtechniquesHarryL.ChangPhaseBehaviorExperimentsPhasebehaviorexperimentsInexpensivetechniqueforsurfactantformulationMeasuresolubalizationparameters/IFT’sMeasurecoalescence/equilibrationtimeDetermine

microemulsionviscositiesSpecificsurfactant(s)canbetailoredforspecificoilsHarryL.Chang

AnExcellentMEPhaseBehavior

0.01.02.00.51.52.53.03.54.0Salinity,%:0.751.251.752.252.75InterfaceFluidityHighoilrecovery>90%Sorw,orSorc<0.04AdequatemobilitycontrolGoodsurfactant/polymertransportLowsurfactantretentionCoreFloodingHarryL.ChangSimulationandSimulatorsMechanisticmodelforcorefloodandpatternsimulationCalibrationandfieldscalesimulationAdvancedsimulatorsHarryL.ChangChemicalEORinChinaDaqingOilfieldLargestpolymerandASPfloodsintheworldPFoilproductioninDaqinghasbeenstabilizedat~200,000bbl/dover10yearsPolymerrequirementhasdoubledinlast10yearsfrom~80,000t/yrto~160,000t/yrLarge-scaleASPfloodshavebeenimplementedsince2006HarryL.ChangShengliOilfieldSecondlargestPFinChinaAlsohaspolymermanufacturingfacilitiesSeveralASPpilottestshavebeenconductedinthepastbutdecidedtouseSPinsteadHarryL.ChangPFinChinaShowedIncrementalrecoverydependsonreservoirqualitypolymerselectionpolymeramount,>500ppm.pvnowProductionofpolymerandemulsionsmaybeexpectedLargescaleinjection/productionfacilitiesarenecessaryforsuccessfuloperationsHarryL.ChangPolymerFloodingalsoShowedSimplifiedfieldoperationshavebeenpracticedinfield-wideoperationsOn-sitepolymerproductionwouldimprovetheeconomicsKYPAMpolymersappearstobemoreeffectiveinhighpermandhighsalinityreservoirsVisco-elasticbehaviorcanreduceSor(SPE127453)CDGwillenhancePFperformanceHarryL.ChangOilProductionbyPolymerFlooding

DaqingOilfield,ChinaATypicalPFFieldPerformanceTypicalPressureandPolymerProductionOilProductionbyPolymerFlooding

ShengliOilfield,ChinaKYPAMPolymersComblikewithshortbranchedchaintomaintaineffectivenessinhighsalinitybrinesWideMWrangeforreservoirswithdifferentpermeabilitiesSuccessfullyappliedinsomereservoirsinChinaHarryL.ChangViscosityDataofKYPAMPolymerConcentrationviscosityPerformanceofKYPAMPolymersPerformanceofKYPAMPolymersASPFloodsinChinaPilottesting:Daqing,Shengli,KaramayLargescalefieldprojectsinDaqingLargescaleinjection/productionfacilitieshavebeendevelopedinDaqingEmulsionandscaleproductionswereobservedHarryL.ChangFieldExamplesDaqingKaramayASPpilotsimulationHarryL.ChangASPPilotTestsConductedin

DaqingOilfieldHarryL.ChangASPResultsinDaqingHighincrementalrecoverySevereemulsionproductionSeverescaleproductionSPwithAinsteadofASP?OneofthemostdifficultoilforSPfloodingHarryL.ChangKaramayASPPilotTestDesignandFieldPerformance

(SPE64726)Processdesign/management:HarryChangProjectimplementation:KaramayOilfieldAsinglesurfactantsystemusingpetroleumsulfonatesproducedinalocalrefineryAppliedthesalinitygradientwithSTPPforsequestrationASPPilotTestWellPattern,2Z-B9-3WellGroup

KaramayOilField(SPE64726)ASPSlugDesignandInjectionSequence

(SPE64726)PAMPAMModellingCoreFlood-KaramayASPProject

ModellingCoreflood(UTCHEM)-KaramayASPProjectModellingofPilotAreaPerformance(SPE39610and64726)SomeCommentsonASPASPrequiresspecialcrudeoilstoimproveperformancesASPslugcostlessbutothercostswouldbesubstantial(treatinginjectionbrineandproducedfluids)Lowsurfactantconcentration(<0.5%active)SPformulationsareavailablenowSomeASPprojectsmaybejustSPwithAorjustPHarryL.ChangChemicalInjectionFacilitiesSPSWvs.SPMWinjectionfacilitiesLarge-scalepolymerdispersion/mixingLarge-scaleASPinjectionfacilitiesEmulsiontreatmentfacilitiesFullyautomaticmodularunitsforpilottestingHarryL.ChangAPolymerTestInjectionSite,SPSWFacilitiesSPMWPolymerinjectionpumpsSpec.:16Mpa,4m3/hr,And5000mg/lpolymerSPMWPolymerinjectionsystemSpec.:16Mpa,60m3/hr,polymerconc.,

1000mg/l，27injectionwellsST200508SPELogo3940Large-ScalePolymerDispersion/MixingPolymerDispersionPolymerMixingASPInjectionUnitsPriortoShippingAnASPInjectionStationwith70WellsProducedFluidTreatmentFacilitiesASPProducedFluidTreatment,24,000m3/d

AFullyAutomaticModularPre-FactoryTestedASPPilotInjectionFacility

DesignedRate:

640m3/dayDesignedPressure:

12MpaChemicalProcessingIncludes:Drypolymerhandling,processing,&maturationDrysodaashhandling,processing,&dissolutionSurfactanthandling&meteringWaterconditioningchemicals(oxygenscavengerandbiocide)NitrogenblanketAutomation:Allen-BradleyPLCbasedwithfullPIDLoopcontrolforaccuratechemicalrecipecontrolanddatacollectionSpecialSystemsIncluded:

R-Owatersoftening

Feremovalsystem

HeatexchangersystemforhightempfluidinjectionSPELogo46APolymerHandlingSystemDesignedbyChemorTechandFabricatedbyDafeng/COTinChinaST200508SPELogo48ST200508SPELogo49ST200508SPELogo50ST200508SPELogo51SOMECONTROVERTIALISSUESPolymerdispersionIsfullyhydrationonthesurfacenecessary?areoxygenscavengerandnitrogenblanketnecessary?Polymerfloodingvs.weakgelsASPvs.SPIsASPthefuture?WhySPhasnotbeenemphasized?ASPandSPSlugAqueousPhaseStability/Clarity?HarryL.ChangChallengesNewpolymersforhightemperatures(>90oCModelingpolymervisco-elasticeffectsLowMWpolymersforlowperm.reservoirsSurfactantswithlowadsorptionandotheradditivesLowcostandeffectiveemulsionbreakersNewscalepreventiontechnologiesHarryL.ChangSummaryAlargenumbera