IntroductionWhatisplantpropagation?Thereproductionorincreasinginnumberofplants.Canbedoneinoneoftwoways….Sexual.Asexual.SexualorSeedPropagationSexualPropagationThepropagationorreproducingofplantsfromseeds.SexualPropagationPollenistransferredfromtheanthertothestigma.Fertilizationoccursandseedsareproduced.PartsoftheSeedPartsoftheSeedSeedsaremadeupof3mainparts….SeedCoat.Endosperm.EmbryonicPlant.PlantingSeedsPlantingdepthdependsonthesizeoftheseeds.Thelargertheseed,thedeeperitisplanted.Example:Petuniaseedsareplantedshallowerthanbeans,tomatoes,ormarigoldsbecausetheyarethesmallest.Smallseedsshouldbewateredbybottomsoaking.PlantingSeedsSeedsaredirectlyseededwhentheyareplantedinthesoilwheretheywillgrowtoasaleablesize.Germinationflatsareusediftheyaretobetransplantedatalatertime.Whenreusinggerminationflats,besuretosterilizetheflatsandsoil.GerminationGerminationrateisthe%thatsprout.Example:75outof100=75%Ratesaffectedby….Seedviability.Temperature.Moisture.Typeofplant.Qualityofseed.GerminationTransplantingSeedlingsSeedlingsarethesmallplants.TransplantwhenfirsttrueleavesappearHeldbythetrueleavesratherthanthestemstopreventstembruisingwhichwillkilltheplant.HardeningOffThereducingofhumidityandwatertomaketheenvironmentmoreliketheoutside.AdvantagesofSexualPropagationFastwaytogetmanyplants.Easytodo.Economical.DisadvantagesofSexualPropagationSomeplants,especiallyhybrids,donotreproducetruetoparents.Someplantsaredifficulttopropagatefromseeds.AsexualPropagationAsexualPropagationTheuseofgrowingpartsotherthanseedstoreproduceplants.Thetypesare….CuttingsLayeringDivision/SeparationBuddingGraftingTissueCultureRootingfromCuttingsRootingmediashouldbeabout4inchesdeep.Besttimeofdaytotakecuttingsisearlymorningbecauseplantshavemoremoisture.RootingfromCuttingsThethreemaintypesofcuttingsare….StemLeafRootStemCuttingsThetakingofapieceofstemtoreproduceplants.Usearootinghormonewithfungicideto….Speeduprootdevelopment.Preventrootrot.LeafCuttingsTheuseofleavesandsectionsofleavestoreproduceplants.Donefromherbaceousplants.Veinsmustbecut!!!RootCuttingsTheuseofrootstoreproduceplants.Shouldbespaced3inchesapartintherootingarea.LayeringTherootingofplantpartswhiletheyarestillattachedtothe“parent”plant.Thetypesare….AirLayering.TrenchLayering.MoundLayering.AirLayeringAlsocalledChinesepropagation.Areaofplantisgirdledandsurroundedbyamoistgrowingmediumthatissealedinpolyethylenefilm.TrenchLayeringMotherplantisbenttothegroundandburied.Plantsformateachnodeoncoveredstem.MoundLayeringRootedplantiscutoffatthesoillevel.Astheseasonprogresses,soilisaddedtocoverthegrowingshoots.After1year,theshootsarerootedandremovedfromtheparentplant.Division&SeparationCuttingorpullingapartof….BulbsCormsRhizomesTubersRunnersStolensSuckersGraftingJoiningseparateplantpartstogethersothattheyformaunionandgrowtogethertomakeoneplant.ScionPieceofplantatthetopofthegraft.RootstockThepieceoftheplantattherootorbottomofthegraft.GraftingMethodsScion&rootstockarethesamesize:WedgeSpliceWhip&tongueApproachGraftingMethodswhip&tonguegraft

splicegraft

approachgraft

wedgegraft

GraftingMethodsScionissmallerthantherootstock:Cleft.Side.Notch.Barkinlay.GraftingMethodscleftgraft

sidegraft

barkinlaygraft

notchgraft

BuddingAformofgraftingwhenabudisused.Fasterorquickerthangrafting.The3mainmethodsare….Patchbudding.T-budding.Chipbudding.PatchBuddingT-BuddingChipBuddingTissueCultureMusthaveasterileenvironment.Getthemostplantsinashorttime.Truetoparentplants.AdvantagestoAsexualPropagationPlantsmatureinshortertime.Someplantsdonotproduceviableseeds.Newplantsaresameasparentplant.DisadvantagestoAsexualPropagationSomemethodsrequirespecialequipment&skills….Suchasgrafting.Cuttingsdetachplantpartsfromwaterandnutrientsource.Someplantsarepatented….Makingpropagationillegal.BiotechnologyinHorticultureWhatisBiotechnology?Theuseofcellsorcomponents(parts)ofcellstoproduceorprocesses.MethodsofBiotechnologyTissueCultureAlsocalledmicropropagation.Usestheterminalshootsorleafbudsinasterileorasepticenvironmentonagargelorothernutrient-growingmediatoproducethousandsofidenticalplants.MethodsofBiotechnologyCloningGeneticallygeneratingoffspringfromnon-sexualtissue.MethodsofBiotechnologyGeneticEngineeringMovementofgeneticinformationintheformofgenesfromonecelltoanothercelltomodifyorchangethegeneticmake-up.BenefitsofBiotechnologyProducemanyidenticalpla