句子的構(gòu)成英語的詞性：名詞nounsn代詞eralnum形容詞adjectiveadj或a副詞adverbadv動(dòng)詞verbv冠詞articleart虛詞介詞prepositionprep連詞conjunctionconj助詞auiliaryau句子成分主語subject謂語ent定語attribute狀語adverbial（時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因……）同位語appositive表語predicative1ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語㈠主語JaneisgoodatoingisbadforhealthTheyoungshouldrespecttheoldWhathehassaidistrue主語:可以作主語的成分有名詞,主格代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞等等。主語一般在句首。名詞主格代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞the形容詞句子㈡謂語謂語:簡單謂語由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成,一般在主語之后。Isawtheflagonthetoewor1Thesunrose2Whocares3Whathesaiddoesnotmatter4Theytaledforhalfanhour5Whonowstheanswer6Hehasrefusedtohel7Heenjoysreading8Hesaid"Goodmorning"●Iliemyjob●Iloveyou●Hewantedtoleavehere●Theyenjoyedes●Heasedwherehewas（三）賓語賓語：動(dòng)作的接受者，一般在謂語后面賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人Hegavemesomeboos↓間接賓語↓直接賓語●etheboo●Heboughtmesomeflowers四賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語:位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。IfoundtheboointerestingDoyouhearTomsingingHemadehimselfunderstoodSheasedmetolendherahandaeyourselfathomeusteepitasecret形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式介詞短語副詞名詞五定語HeisacleverboyTheyarebuildingastonebridgeThereare54studentsinourclassDoyounownBetty’ssisterHeboughtsomesleeetafriendonmywayhome形容詞名詞數(shù)詞名詞的所有格動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞副詞ThegirlinredishissisterWehavealotofwortodoThegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughterDoyounowthemanwhospoejustnowThereisnothinginterestinginthisboo（六）狀語用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞,介詞短語或句子可表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等IwillbebacinawhileTheyareissedthetrainIwaitedtoseeyouHeoftenwenttoschoolbybusHiseslatetoschoolHewentHewentthereHewentthereyesterdayHewenttheretoseehismotheryesterdayHewenttheretoseehismotherbybieyesterday（七）表語在系動(dòng)詞后的部分就是表語常見的系動(dòng)詞有:Be動(dòng)詞am,is,are感官系動(dòng)詞feel,smell,sound,taste,loo變化系動(dòng)詞become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞seem,eeain,stay,appearThewarwasoverTheyseemtonowthetruthTimeisnotquitemyselftodayWhowasthefirstHeisoutofconditionThebooiswhatIneedTheappletastesgood八、同位語同位語當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí),一個(gè)句子成分用來說明和解釋另一個(gè)句子成分,這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的同位語。Westudentsshouldstudyhardstudents是we的同位語,都是指同一批“學(xué)生”Weallarestudentsall是we的同位語,都指同樣的“我們”句子分類簡單句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句用連詞連接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句由一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）:TomandMieareAmericanboysSheliesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。五大基本句型一:ＳＶ主＋謂二:ＳＶＰ主＋系＋表三:ＳＶＯ主＋謂＋賓四:ＳＶｏＯ主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓五:ＳＶＯＣ主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)基本句型一:ＳＶ主＋謂謂語:不及物動(dòng)詞vi沒有賓語,形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。如:WecomeＳ│Ｖ不及物動(dòng)詞1Thesunrose2Whocares3Whathesaiddoesnotmatter4Theytaledforhalfanhour5Theoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ是系動(dòng)詞│Ｐ表語1ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary2Thedinnersmellsgood3Hefellinlove4Everythingloosdifferent5Heisgrowingtallandstrong6Ourwellhasgonedry7Hisfaceturnedred基本句型三:ＳＶＯ主＋謂＋賓此句型的特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都是及物動(dòng)詞,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語,即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ及物動(dòng)詞│Ｏ賓語1Who│nows│theanswer2He│hasrefused│tohel3He│enjoys│reading4He│said│“Goodmorning”5He│admits│thathewasmistaen基本句型四:ＳＶｏＯ主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語,eggive/pass/bring/show。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人間接賓語;一個(gè)指物直接賓語。--Givemeacuepleasegivesbsth=givesthtosbＳ│Ｖ及物│ｏ多指人│Ｏ多指物Sheorderedherselfanewdress2Hebroughtyouadictionary3Ishowedhimmythatthebuswaslate5Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)此句型的特點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語,才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語:位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分?？梢杂米髻e語補(bǔ)足語的有名詞,形容詞,不定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,介詞短語等。ThewarmadehimasoldierNewmethodsmaethejobeasyIoftenfindhimatworTheteacherasthestudentstoclosethewindowsIsawacatrunningacrosstheroad名詞形容詞介詞短語動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞Ｓ│Ｖ及物│Ｏ賓語│Ｃ賓補(bǔ)1Theyebacsoon5IsawthemgettingonthebusaＳＶbＳＶＰcＳＶＯdＳＶｏＯeＳＶＯＣ1iled______3Hisjobistotrainswimmers_____4Henoticedamanentertheroom_____5Pleaselooatthepicture_____dabecEercises:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)YouareastudentHefelthaademehaesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwellAfterhefinishedhishomewor,hewentawayHeliesusic劃分句子成分Youwilltellyourfriendthatyou’vegottoschoolButasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn’tdareoefivemonthsago,Ihaeentirelyintheirpowerwilltell（your）friendthatyou’vegottoschool2But[asthemoongavefartoomuchlight],Ididn’tdareoefivemonthsago],Ihaeintheirpower主語謂語間賓定語直接賓語原因狀語主語謂語賓語狀語一挑出下列句中的賓語①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomewor②anynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill二挑出下列句中的表語--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow--Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject三挑出下列句中的定語1Whatisyourgivenname2Iamafraidsomeandownstairswastryingtosleewaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!四挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①Sheliesthechildrentorea