Unit4

Natural

disasters

DiscoveringUsefulStructures限制性定語從句（1）ContentsPart1StudyingtherulesPart2Practice在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句的從句叫作定語從句。Step1.LeadinThepigthat/whichsurvivedtheearthquakeinWenchuandiedattheageof14.that/whichsurvivedtheearthquakeinWenchuanrestrictiverelativeclause限制性定語從句。Step2.PresentationTheTangshanearthquakewasaterribleexperiencethatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.MrLiis

anarchitectwhosedesignsforthenew

townhavewonpraise.AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtoworkdiedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclausesinthesentencesbelow.1.Theearthquakethat/whichhitthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon'tknowthenumberofpeoplewho/thatlosttheirhomesinthedisaster.3.Wetriedtohelptheboywhosefamilydiedintheearthquake.4.Theonlythingthatsupportedthegirlisthekindnessfromthousandsofpeople.5.Wetalkedalotabouttheactorandthefilmthatinterestedusattheparty.6.Whothatyouhaveeverknowncanhelpmewithit?7.Theteacherwhom/who/thatyouadmireiscoming.Readthesentencesandpayattentiontothewordsinred.4.Theonlythingthatsupportedthegirlisthekindnessfromthousandsofpeople.5.Wetalkedalotabouttheactorandthefilmthatinterestedusattheparty.6.Whothatyouhaveeverknowncanhelpmewithit?一、定義1.在主從復(fù)合句中，對(duì)某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。2.關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等)和關(guān)系副詞(when，where，why等)兩類。

限制性定語從句二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who引導(dǎo)的定語從句Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinthecaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.目前，在車禍中受傷的孩子們正在醫(yī)院接受治療。Dannywasthemanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我們從廢墟中救出來的那個(gè)人。[知識(shí)小結(jié)1]

who指人，在定語從句中可以充當(dāng)____________________。主語、賓語2.whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句Roseistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.羅絲是你應(yīng)該關(guān)心的人。Theboy(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老師經(jīng)常表揚(yáng)的那個(gè)男孩是他們的班長。[知識(shí)小結(jié)2]

whom指人，在定語從句中作____________，可省略，也可用____________代替。賓語who3.whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句Iknowthepersonwhosehousewasdestroyedintheearthquake.我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)人，他的房子在地震中被摧毀了。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一個(gè)窗子朝北的房間里。[知識(shí)小結(jié)3]

whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關(guān)系，whose在定語從句中作____________。定語4.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句Theyoungmanwasveryhappytogetbackthegoldring(which)hehadlostonthetrain.那個(gè)年輕人領(lǐng)回了在火車上丟失的金戒指，非常高興。Thelittlegirlishavinganapplewhichisbigandred.小女孩正在吃一個(gè)又大又紅的蘋果。[知識(shí)小結(jié)4]

which指____________，在定語從句中作主語、賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省略。物5.that引導(dǎo)的定語從句主語、賓語或表語

who/whomwhich(1)關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語或表語，因此定語從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。(2)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)不能省略，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。關(guān)系詞有兩個(gè)作用：一、引導(dǎo)定語從句二、代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。理解概念，弄清楚關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)什么成分，是掌握定語從句的關(guān)鍵。[即學(xué)即練1](1)用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①Doyouknowtheman____________istalkingwithyourmother?②Thisistheperson____________youshouldthankforhelpingyourson.③Thegirl____________graduatedfromCambridgeUniversityiscalledAmanda.④Ilikethosebooks____________topicsareabouthistory.⑤Anystudent____________familyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.⑥Look，herearesomepeople____________Iwantyoutomeet.whowho/whomwhowhosewhosewho/whom/that⑦Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm____________wevisitedthreemonthsago?⑧Thepicture____________wasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.(2)判斷正誤昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。⑨Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.(

)⑩Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.(

)that/whichwhich/thatFT三、關(guān)系詞只能用that而不用which的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞為all，little，few，some，none，something，everything，nothing，anything，much等不定代詞時(shí)。 HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?李老師講的你都記下來了嗎？

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.

在倫敦他們參觀的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。

ThisisthemostdeliciousfoodthatIhaveeverhad.

這是我吃過的最美味的食品。

3.先行詞被all，every，theonly，thevery，thelast等修飾時(shí)。 I’vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.我已經(jīng)讀了所有那些不是我的書。 Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.

她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。 IhavefoundtheverypenthatIlostyesterday.我已找到昨天丟的鋼筆。4.當(dāng)先行詞既指人，又指物時(shí)。

Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremember.

我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。

[即學(xué)即練2]

補(bǔ)全句子①Thisisthemostbeautifulpark____________________.這是我參觀過的最漂亮的公園。②Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople____________________.她把她感興趣的人和物都拍攝了下來。③Chattingwas____________________interestedhermost.聊天是她唯一最感興趣的事。thatIhavevisitedthatshewasinterestedintheonlythingthatSummaryCompleteeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or“/".

Then

translatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Herearesomeofthepeople

______

homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.2.Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople

________

wereasleep.3.Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopen

airusinganything

______

they

couldfind.4.Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings

______

hadbeendamagedbythehurricane

wererepaired.5.Theinjuredboy

______

motherwaslost