從句的類型定語從句的類型(一)who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句◆ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJack.◆Heistheboywhomyouwantedtofind．◆Thegirlwhosemotherisadoctoriswaitingforyououtside．(二)由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句1)which在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語?！鬒foundadoor

whichwasunlocked.

◆WhereisthebookIboughtyesterday?

2)which(whom)在從句中作介詞的賓語時，介詞一般可放在which(whom)之前，也可放在從句原來的位置上，在含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中介詞只能放在原來的位置上，而不能放which(whom)之前?！鬚leasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.‖等于(PleasetellmewhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.)

◆Thisisthemagazinewhichyouarelookingfor.(lookfor是固定詞組)

?(三)由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句中that可以指人或物，代替who，whom，which，在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語(不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語)?！鬢ouldyouliketohavelunchatthebest

restaurantIheardabout?(that可省略)特別注意▼下列兩種情況只能用that?1)序數(shù)詞或最高級形容詞修飾先行詞時，要用that.◆ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwas

ATaleofTwoCities（雙城記）byCharlesDickens.2)all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代詞作先行詞時，要用that?！鬍verythingthatwesawattheIndustrialExhibitiongreatlyinterestedus.特別提示▼?(四)由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句

◆IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIarrivedinLondon.?when=on(in,during…)whichwhere=on(in/on/at/to/infrontof…)whichwhy=forwhich(五)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句??限制性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分。非限制性定語從句是主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明。?（六）as引導(dǎo)句型二:as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句常用句型:asisknowntoall（眾所周知）asisoftenthecase（通常就是這樣）asoftenhappens（事情往往如此）asishoped（正如所希望的）asmightbeexpected（正如所預(yù)料的那樣）aswehadexpected（正如我們預(yù)料的那樣）ashasbeensaidbefore（如前所述）asismentionedabove（正如上面所提到的那樣）asisnatural（很自然）asanybodycansee（正如都能看到的那樣）

三大類型從句語法1、賓語從句一、定義在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。二、連接詞that:Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.只用whether的情況：1.與ornot連用：Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.2.與動詞不定式連用：Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.連接詞前有介詞時：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.三、時態(tài)1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定(各種時態(tài)均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.2.主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.3.如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時，這時賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2、定語從句一、定義在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。二、先行詞先行詞指人who/that先行詞指物which/that定語從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后三、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞四、翻譯方法“….的”Whom:先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語（包括介詞的賓語）,與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.Whose:指人或物，作定語，表示“…的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.關(guān)系代詞只能that的特殊情況：1.先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級修飾時：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.3.先行詞是不定代詞something,anything等時.e.g.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop4.先行詞是人和物時,用that.e.g.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.5.先行詞被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等詞修飾時,只能用thate.g.ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.6.特殊疑問句以who或which開頭，只能用that引導(dǎo).Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時：物+介詞+which;人+介詞+whom當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時：e.g.1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.3、狀語從句一、定義在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個句子。二、狀語從句一般分為八大類時間狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句原因狀語從句目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句條件狀語從句方式狀語從句讓步狀語從句1.時間狀語從句When---當(dāng)……時候,通常指某一特定的時間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動作同時發(fā)生。WhenIopenedthewindow,Isawhimcomeup.When---正在……的時候，突然…。通常主句是進(jìn)行時或beaboutto時，在翻譯的時候，when可以譯成沒想到或突然。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet,whenImethim.When當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時，主句是一般時，往往表示不滿。SomeoneknockedatthedoorwhenIwashavingbreakfast.When=afterWhenthechildrenhadgonetobed,shebegantoprepareherlessons.While---在……期間，往往指一段時間。WhilewewereinAmerica,wesawhimtwice.While---表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等。Wearecleaningtheclassroomwhiletheyareplayingthefootball.As---一邊……一邊,隨著Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.As---當(dāng)……時，指一個動作緊接著一個動作發(fā)生，從句通常用進(jìn)行時。AsIwasgoingout,itbegantorain.Themoment---一……就……=assoonas,immediately,---DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?---Yes,IgaveherthemomentIsawher.Not…until---直到……才Hedidn’tleavetheofficeuntilhefinishedthework.Before---在……之前Thepassengersshouldarriveattheairportanhourbeforetheflightdeparts.After---在……之后Thecustomerlefttheticketcounterafterhehadaquarrelwiththeticketagent.Since---自從……,通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.Itisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.Assoonas---一……就……Jackwenttoschoolassoonashegotwell.Nosoonerthan---一……就……nosooner…than…用于句首要求倒裝Hardly…when…Scarcely…when…Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Once---一但……就……Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.Everytime,eachtime每次whenever每當(dāng)Eachtimehecametotown,hewouldvisitourschool.2.條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連接詞有：If如果,unless除非,aslongas只要,As(so)faras---據(jù)……所知，incase萬一,providedthat假如,onconditionthat若是，以…為條件If---如果Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.Unless---如果不,除非=ifnotWecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflightAslongas---只要Wewillsucceedaslongaswekeepontrying.As(so)faras---據(jù)……所知AsfarasIknow,hespeaksEnglishverywell.Incase---假使,如果Theplanecannottakeoffincaseitrains.Providedthat如果,有時省略thatTheplanewillbeingoodconditionprovidedthatitistakencareofcarefully.Onconditionthat---條件是…Hesaidthathewouldcometothemeetingonconditionthatnooneaskedhimtospeak.注:主從句的動作發(fā)生在將來時，則主句用將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。Ifhearrivestomorrow,Iwillbewaitingforhimattheairport.3.地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句只有兩個連詞:Where,whereverWhere---在……地方Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Wherever---無論哪里Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.4.原因狀語從句because,as,since,nowthat,和consideringthat,seeingthat這六個連詞都用于表示表示原因,但在語氣上一個比一個弱.Because---因?yàn)?通常從句放在主句后.MrSmithwasveryupsetbecausehecouldn’tfindhisluggage.As---因?yàn)?通常放在句首Asheishonestandmodest,allhisfriendslikehim.Since---既然因語氣較弱,常譯為既然(眾所周知的原因)Sinceeverybodyhascome,wecansetoff.Nowthat---既然Nowthatyouarehere,youcanjoinus.consideringthat---顧及到Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.seeingthat---由于Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.5.結(jié)果狀語從句引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：that,sothat,so…that…such…thatSo…that---太……以至于so后面應(yīng)用形容詞或副詞,有時省略so只用thatBoeing747issolargethatpeopleliketocallitjetbomb噴氣炸彈.Sothat---因而，以便，為了有時so可以省去Speaklouderpleasesothatthepeopleatthebackcanhearyou.Such…that…---太……以至于用法與so…that相同，但such后面應(yīng)用名詞。Theforeignvisitorwassuchafastspeakerthatnobodycouldunderstandhim.6.目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的主要連詞有:that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest(So)that---以便,從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can,could,may,might,should等Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.inorderthat---為了,與sothat相同從句中常常使用一些情態(tài)動詞，如：can,could,may,might,should等Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.forfearthat---生怕;為了防止(某事發(fā)生)Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.incase---萬一Youshouldbringadictionaryincaseyouneedit.Lest---以防萬一Themandecidedtotellhisbossthefactlesthewouldbeangrywithhim.7.讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：Although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,nomatter,however,whatever,while,whether.Although,though---雖然although和though可以互換，但although常放在句首。Though可以用于倒裝。Althoughitwasraining,theplan