《高中英語語法課件-非謂語動詞》JustwhenyouthoughtyouhadmasteredEnglishgrammar,herecomesthenon-finiteverb!Joinusasweexploretheintricaciesofnon-finiteverbsandlearnhowtoimpressnativespeakers.WhatareNon-finiteVerbs?DefinitionWhatarenon-finiteverbsanyway?Simplyput,theyareverbsthatdonothaveafiniteform.Inotherwords,theydonotindicatetenseorthenumber/personofthesubject.ExamplesNon-finiteverbsincludetheinfinitive,gerund,andparticipleforms.Examples:torun(infinitive),running(gerund),run(presentparticiple),andrun(pastparticiple).UsageNon-finiteverbsareusedinavarietyofwaysandcanservedifferentfunctionsinasentence,fromactingasasubjectorobjecttodescribinganoun.TheInfinitiveFormDefinitionTheinfinitiveformisoftenprecededby"to"andisusedasthebaseformoftheverb.Itcanfunctionasanoun,anadjective,oranadverb.ExamplesExamples:torun(asanoun),Ihavealottodotoday(asanadjective),Shewokeupearlytostudy(asanadverb).UsageTheinfinitiveformiscommonlyusedtoexpresspurpose,desire,obligation,orpermission.Itcanalsofollowcertainverbslikewant,like,need,andhope.TheGerundForm1DefinitionThegerundformalwaysendsin-ing,andfunctionsasanoun.2ExamplesExamples:running(asasubject),Ienjoyrunning(asadirectobject),Myfavoriteactivityisrunning(asapredicatenominative).3UsageThegerundformiscommonlyusedtoexpressanongoingorcontinuousaction,ortoshowthecauseofanaction.Itcanalsofollowprepositionslike"by,""without,"and"before."TheParticipleForm1PresentParticipleThepresentparticiplealwaysendsin-ing,andisoftenusedtodescribeacontinuousorongoingaction.2PastParticipleThepastparticiplecanendin-ed,-en,or-t,andisoftenusedtodescribeacompletedorpassiveaction,ortoformperfectverbtenses.3ExamplesExamples:Therunningwaterissosoothing(presentparticiple),Thebookiswrittenbyafamousauthor(pastparticiple).FormandUsageofNon-finiteVerbsFormTheinfinitive:to+baseformThegerund:baseform+ingTheparticiples:baseform+-ing(presentparticiple),baseform+-ed/-en/-t(pastparticiple)UsageAsanoun(asasubjectorobject)Asanadjective(todescribeanoun)Asanadverb(tomodifyaverb)TheDifferenceBetweentoand-ingFormsMeaningThetoformgenerallyindicatespurpose,whilethe-ingformindicatesanongoingaction.UsageThetoformisoftenusedaftercertainverbslikewant,need,andhope.The-ingformisoftenusedafterprepositions,ortoshowaresultorconsequence.ExamplesExamples:IwanttoimprovemyEnglish(infinitive),IenjoylearningEnglish(gerund).TheContinuousandPerfectTensesofNon-finiteVerbsContinuousTensesThecontinuoustensesofnon-finiteverbsareformedusing"be"+-ingform.Example:IamstudyingEnglish(presentcontinuous).PerfectTensesTheperfecttensesofnon-finiteverbsareformedusing"have"+pastparticiple.Example:IhavestudiedEnglishforfiveyears(presentperfect).UsageThecontinuoustensesshowanongoingaction,whiletheperfecttensesshowacompletedactioninthepastthathasapresenteffect.Theycanalsobeusedtoshowemphasisorcomparedifferentactions.PuttingItAllTogetherInfinitiveGerundPresentParticiplePastParticipleFormto+baseformbaseform+-ingbaseform+-ingbaseform+-ed/-en/-tUsageAsanoun(