第第頁Unit8ItmustbelongtoCarla背景資料素材TheLargeHadronCollider

歐洲大型強(qiáng)子對(duì)撞機(jī)重啟，有望揭開更多宇宙奧秘。

It’sthelargestmachineonearth.YoucanfinditdeepunderthemountainsofFranceandSwitzerlandina27-kilometer-longtunnel(隧道).ItistheLargeHadronCollider(LHC)(大型強(qiáng)子對(duì)撞機(jī))anditcanhelpdiscoverthemysteriesoftheuniverse.

ThousandsofscientistscreatedtheLHC.Theybuiltitfrom1998to2023.However,theLHChasbeenturnedoffforoverthreeyears.“Theshutdownwasusedtoupgrade(升級(jí))themachine,”explainedRendeSteerenberg,atopleaderfortheLHC.InAprilthisyear,themachinewasfinallyturnedonagain.

Everythingintheuniverseismadeupoftinypiecescalledparticles(粒子).TheLHCcanshootparticlesatveryfastspeeds—almostasfastasthespeedoflight!Withthenewupgrades,theLHC’sparticlescangofasterthaneverbefore.Itblasts(噴射)theparticlesintwobeams(束).Thentheparticlebeamscrashintoeachother.Andscientistsstudythecrash.

Already,scientistshavelearnedalotfromtheLHC.Butthereisalottheystilldon’tknow.Forexample,theyhopethelargescienceexperimentcanhelpthemlearnaboutdarkmatter—partsofspacethatcannotbeseenwitheyes.UsingtheLHC,theymaybetterunderstandhowtheuniverseworks,andlearnmoreabouthowtheuniversebegan.

Rightnow,particlesaremovingveryfastthroughtheLHC.Scientistswillusethemachinetomakethebeamsgoevenfaster.Then,theywilltrytouncovermoresecretsoftheuniverse.

【讀后任務(wù)】回答問題。

1.WhereistheLHC

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2.WhenwastheLHCbuilt

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3.WhywastheLHCturnedoffforoverthreeyears

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4.WhatwillscientiststrytodowiththeLHC

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【語塊積累】

crashinto撞上

【答案】

1.It’sdeepunderthemountainsofFranceandSwitzerland(ina27-kilometer-longtunnel).

2.Itwasbuiltfrom1998to2023.

3.Becauseitneededtobeupgraded.

4.Uncovermoresecretsoftheuniverse.Which“Orange”CameFirst,theColorortheFruit

是先有橙子，還是先有橙色？

Whichcamefirst,theorangeor...orange

Didsomeonejustmaketheun-creativedecisiontonamethefruitafteritscolor(That’showtheblueberrygotitsname,afterall.)OrdidthecolorgetitsnamebecauseofthefruitThismysteryisrightuptherewiththechickenvs.theeggmystery.Luckily,though,thisoneismuchmoreeasilysolved!

Sowhichcamefirst,thecolororthefruitTheansweris...neither.Well,onedidcomebeforetheother,butneitherwasactuallythefirstmeaningoftheword.Theword“orange”wasactuallyfirstusedtodescribethetreethatthefruitgrowson.

Astimewenton,thewordcametomeanthefruit,notjusttheorangetree.Backtothe13thcenturyAD(公元),thewords“pumeorange”whichcamefromOldFrenchmeant“thefruitfromtheorangetree”.

“Orange”didn’tcometodescribeacoloruntilalmost200yearslater,makingthefruittheclearwinner.In1512,forthefirsttime,theword“orange”wasusedtodescribethecolor.AccordingtotheOxfordEnglishDictionary,theuseofthewordfirstappearedinawill(遺囑).

So,theonlymysterythatremainsis—howdidpeopledescribethecolorbefore1512AccordingtoHuffingtonPost,speakersofOldEnglishusedtheword“geolurēad”,meaning“yellow-red”.ThankstoOldFrench,thecolororangehasanameofitsown.

Orange,areyougladwe’vesolvedthismystery

【讀后任務(wù)】

回答問題。

1.Howdidtheblueberrygetitsname

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2.Whatwasthefirstmeaningoftheword“orange”

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3.Whenwastheword“orange”firstusedtodescribethecolor

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【語塊積累】

rightuptherewith...

與……相似

答案

1.Itwasnamedafteritscolor.

2.Thetreethatthefruitgrowson./Theorangetree.

3.In1512.VillageofDwarfs

一起走進(jìn)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中神秘的“小人國”。

DoyoulikeSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfsWeoftenseedwarfs,extremelysmallpeople,instoriesandmovies,buthardlyinourdailylife.However,thingsarequitedifferentinMingyangsi,asmallvillageinSichuanProvince.Nearlyhalfofthevillagerstherearedwarfs.Peoplewithaheightoflessthan1meterareseeneverywhere.Thoughscientistshavespentmanyyearstryingtosolvethemysteryofthe“VillageofDwarfs”,thereisnoclearansweryet.

Accordingtotheelderlypeopleinthevillage,theyusedtoenjoyapeacefullifeuntilonesummernightin1951.Amysteriousillnesscamebyandmainlystruckchildrenbetweentheagesof5and7.Thesechildrensimplystoppedgrowingandtheirheightshaveneverchangedfortherestoftheirlives.Acensus(人口普查)in1985showedtherewereabout120dwarfsinthevillage.

Manyscientistsandexpertshavevisitedthevillagetostudythewater,soilandgrain(土壤和谷物)inthearea.They'vealsoexaminedthevillagerstocollectafewclues(線索).However,luckisneverwiththem.Itisstillmysterioustodayjustasitwasmanyyearsago.Muchtotheirrelief,thingsseemtobeimproving:moreandmoreyoungvillagersaregrowingtonormaladultheight.TheMysteryofGlacierMice

冰川上的神秘生物。

Glaciers(冰川)arelargebodiesoficeandsnow.Becausethey’resoicy,it’sveryhardforthingstoliveonthem.Butglaciermicedosomehow.

Ofcourse,glaciermicearen’tmice.They’reroundballsofmoss(苔蘚)thatcangrowtoaboutthesizeofatennisball.They’reusuallyfoundingroupsnearsmallrocksonthesurfaceoficyglaciers.

Normalmosscan’tformonaglacier,soscientistsbelieveglaciermiceprobablyformaroundsomethingsmall,likeabitofdust(塵土).Becausestayingontheicetoolongwouldkillthemoss,glaciermiceformintoaball.Itallowsthemtomovearound,sothattheirdifferentpartstouchtheiceatdifferenttimes.

Somescientistsoncedidanexperimentonglaciermice.Theyputasmalldevice(裝置)inside30glaciermicetofollowtheirmovements.Theylearnedthatthemicetraveledabout2.5centimetersaday.Theyseemedtomoveingroups.Theymovedinthesamedirectionandataboutthesamespeed,almostlikeagroupofanimals.Thescientiststestedseveralideasthatmightexplainhowthemicemovedtogether,suchasrollingdownhill,beingblownbythewind,orfollowingthesun.Noneoftheseexplainedthemovementoftheglaciermice.

Glaciermicearestillamysterytoscientists.Fortheirnextexperiment,thescientistssaidtheywouldusecamerastotakepicturesofthemovementsofthemiceoveralongperiodoftime.AreyoulookingforwardtotheanswerStonehenge

Eachyear,morethan1millionpeopletravelfromallovertheworldtosouthernEnglandtoseeprehistoricStonehenge.Littleisknownaboutwhobuiltthemonument,howtheyachievedthiswonderofengineering,orwhatpurposethestonesserved.Now,somearchaeologistsbelievethey'vediscoveredtheoriginofthestones,providingnewinformationonStonehenge'smysteriouspast.

PrehistoricpeoplebuiltStonehengeabout4,500yearsago.Itismadeupofaseriesofverticalstoneswithconnectinghorizontalstonesontop.Onlysomeofthestonesstillstandtoday.ThemostcommontheoryaboutStonehengeisthatthearrangementofstonesformedanastrological(占星學(xué)的)calendar.Itwasusedtotrackthemovementofthestarsandpredicteclipses(日食，月食).

Stonehengeismadeofbluestone.Expertshavelongagreedthatthistypeofrockwasn'tquarried(采得)insouthernEngland.Arecentstudyshowsthatthestoneoriginallycamefrom225kilometersawayinWales.There,archaeologistsfoundindentations(缺口)incliffwallsthatperfectlymatchthesizesandshapesofstoneslocatedatStonehenge.

Thequarry'sdiscoveryhascausedsomecontroversy.Scientistsusedcarbondatingtoestimatetheageoftheremnants(遺跡)ofacampfireattheWelshquarry.Theresultsmayindicatethatpeopleexcavatedthestonesasmanyas500yearsbeforeStonehengewasconstructedatitscurrentlocation.SomearchaeologistshaveproposedthatStonehengeactuallystoodinWalesformanyyearsbeforepeoplemovedittoEngland,challengingallprevioustheoriesofitsorigin.MikeParkerPearson,thedirectoroftheprojectandaprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondon,said,“It'smorelikelythatthestoneswerefirstusedinalocalmonument,somewherenearthequarries,thatwasthentakenapartanddraggedofftoWiltshire.”

ThesecretsofStonehengemayonedaybesolved,butfornow,themysteryremainspartofitsworldwideappeal.MysteriousboilingriverinPeru

亞馬遜雨林有一條“沸水河”，水溫可達(dá)100C。

ThereisamysteriousriverrunningdeepthroughtheAmazonrainforestinPeru.Thewatertemperaturesalongtheriverrangefrom50Cto90C,andinsomepartstheycanalmostreachtheboilingpointof100C.Fortherestoftheworld,however,thisnaturalwonderusedtobejustalegend(傳說).Theriver’sexistence(存在)wasofficiallyconfirmed(證實(shí))in2023byascientistnamedAndrésRuzo.

Ruzoheardlotsofstoriesandlegendsaboutthestrangeriverwhenhewasyoung.HisgrandfathertoldhimtheriverwasdiscoveredbySpanishpersonshu