裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)林學(xué)院黎巴嫩雪松Cedruslibani裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)樹皮Thuja崖柏屬縱裂片狀剝落鱗塊狀縱裂淺縱裂長(zhǎng)條狀淺裂Ginkgobiloba銀杏Pinusbungeana白皮松

Pinustabulaeformis油松Metasequoia水杉

bark裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)枝條類型長(zhǎng)枝

longbranch短枝spurshoots

短枝——節(jié)間極不發(fā)育的枝條。短枝細(xì)枝twig裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)葉類型1刺形Awl-like

條形flattened四棱狀條形4-angledflattened針形needleJuniperus刺柏屬Podocarpus羅漢松屬Picea云杉屬

Pinus松屬

裸子植物常見的葉形狹窄，多為條形、針形、刺形、鱗形、鉆形、披針形，稀見扇形、橢圓形，因此，林業(yè)界將此類樹種稱之為針葉樹，組成的森林為針葉林。leaf裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)葉類型2扇形

fan-shaped鉆形鱗形

scale披針形

lanceolateCryptomeriaGinkgoChamaecyparisCunninghamia長(zhǎng)橢圓形

longellipticalPodocarpus羅漢松屬

橢圓形

ellipticalGnetum買麻藤leaf裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)葉著生方式1螺旋狀互生葉在長(zhǎng)枝上互生，短枝上簇生針葉束生PinusPiceaPiceaCedrus2針3針裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)葉著生方式2葉交互對(duì)生葉輪生Juniperus_MetasequoiaDiselma

Thuja裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)球花構(gòu)造1

球花是裸子植物的有性生殖器官。雄球花：由多數(shù)雄蕊著生在中軸上形成。雌球花：由多數(shù)著生胚珠的鱗片組成：在松科、杉科、柏科和南洋杉科中，雌球花由多數(shù)著生胚珠的珠鱗和苞鱗組成。雄球花PiceaPinusPinus裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)球花構(gòu)造2雌球花珠鱗胚珠直立授粉滴松科

Pinaceae柏科

CupressaceaeLarixPinusPiceaJuniperus

Cupressus

珠鱗苞鱗裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)柏科Cupressaceae松科Pinaceae球果是松、杉、柏科成熟的雌球花。由多數(shù)腹面著生種子的種鱗和種鱗背面的苞鱗組成。球果1conesPseudotsugaPinusPiceaThuja杉科TaxodiaceaeCupressusTaxodium黃杉屬裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)柏科Cupressaceae松科Pinaceae

種鱗和苞鱗在松科和杉科（除水杉屬）為螺旋狀著生；柏科和水杉屬為交互對(duì)生。種鱗螺旋狀著生種鱗交互對(duì)生水杉屬

Metasequoia球果2conesSequoia紅杉屬杉科Taxodiaceae松科Pinaceae裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)松科球果特征：種鱗與苞鱗完全分離！球果3conesAbies冷杉屬苞鱗種鱗PinusAbies冷杉屬裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)鱗盾：種鱗肥厚露出的盾形部分鱗臍：鱗盾頂端或中央凸起或凹下部分，背生或頂生鱗脊：鱗盾上叢向或橫向的脊。鱗盾鱗脊鱗盾種鱗球果4cones松屬球果Pinus鱗臍(背生）鱗臍(頂生）裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)球果5杉科和柏科球果特征：種鱗與苞鱗愈合！柏科Cupressaceae杉科TaxodiaceaeconesCupressusWiddringtoniaTaxodiumMetasequoiaSequoia北美紅杉屬裸子植物常見形態(tài)術(shù)語(yǔ)種子種子種翅松、杉、柏科的種子具翅或無(wú)翅圖為松科樹種的種子，其種子上端有翅Seed松屬(Pinus)種子

Seedplantsallofwhichproducewoodystems.LiketheCycadsandGinkgoesarewellrepresentedinthefossilrecordwithmembersdatingfromtheupperCarboniferous.Unliketheseother"gymnosperm"phyla,however,theconifersareimportanttodayeconomicallyandecologically.Thegroupconsistsofaround550speciesarrangedinsevenfamilies.AllsevenfamiliescanbedatedbacktotheMezazoic.

VegetativeCharacteristics:Allmembersproduceabundantsecondaryxylemandgrowaseithertreesorshrubs.Trachiaryelementsinthexylemincludeonlytracheids,andthesieveelementsofthephloemincludeonlysievecells.Leavesaremacrophyllsbuttaketheformofneedlesorscalesformostspecies.

ReproductiveCharacteristics:Dioeciousormoneciousplants.Pollen(microgametophyes)isproducedinmicrosporangiatestobili(pollencones)madeupofsporophyllswherethepollensacs(microsporangia)areborneonthelowersurface.Allspeciesarewind-pollinated.Spermarenotflagellatedandarecarrieddirectlytotheeggbymeansofapollentube.WiththeexceptionoftheTaxaceae,ovulesareborneincomplexorsecondarilyreducedmegasporangiatestobili(seedcones)consistingofseedscalesbearingovules.Asterilebractsubtendsthese.Togetherth