語法知識點(diǎn)4---數(shù)詞（思維導(dǎo)圖結(jié)構(gòu)）語法的五大主要結(jié)構(gòu)主謂：Ithink…主謂賓：Ireadabook.主謂+雙賓：Iwriteyoualetter.主謂賓+賓語補(bǔ)足語：Ifindthegirlhot.主系表：Theleavesareturningblack.[注：系動(dòng)詞（be）感官動(dòng)詞(smell/taste/sound/feel/look，keep/turn/become/get/grow/appear/seem)]一、定語從句用that不用which先行(不定代詞)詞everything,nothing,much,few,little...先行詞被形容詞、最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)（代高序）先行詞被no,thevery,theonly,thelast修飾時(shí)先行詞中既有人又有物who或which做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句用that關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中坐表語用which不用that在非限制性定語從句中（指物which，指人who/whom）在介詞后（指物which，指人只能用whom）[注：非限定有逗號，限定無逗號]用who不用that先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those主句是therebe關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的判斷：關(guān)系代詞：指代人who/whom/that指代物：which/that所屬關(guān)系：whose/ofwhich.(whom)關(guān)系副詞（=介詞+代詞）：地點(diǎn)：where時(shí)間：when原因：why領(lǐng)域、方面：aspect,respect,area,field(用介詞inwhich,只有field用on)價(jià)格、利率、速度：rate,price,speed(用介詞atwhich)程度：degree,extent(用介詞towhich)eg:tosomedegree根據(jù)、基礎(chǔ)：ground,foundation,basis(用介詞onwhich)As和which(which只放于句中)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，which放于句中，as可放于句首、句中或句末，表“正如…”與as搭配的句型和動(dòng)詞Such/thesame/so…as…用在限制性定語從句中Such/so…that+完整句子（引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句）[注：so+adj,such+n]分隔性定語從句（在先行詞和定語從句之間插入狀語、定語、謂語隔開）含蓄型定語從句先行詞為occasion,moment（用when引導(dǎo)定從）先行詞為situation,condition,state,point,case,activity,experiment,context,stage,system(用where引導(dǎo)定從)主語從句中的連接詞that與wether連接代詞what,whatever,who,whoever,whose,which,whichever連接副詞when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howmany/muchit和主語從句Itis+n+that從句It’safact/ashame/apity/nowonder/goodnews/commonknowledge/oflittle+that…Itis+adj+that從句It’simportant/vital/fundamental+thatsb(should)dosthItis+過去分詞+that從句It’swell-know/generallythought+that句子It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that+從句Itseems/happened/doesnotmatter/hasturnedout…that+句子It+完成時(shí)+that從句Ithasbeenfound/canbeseen/mustbepointedout+that從句賓語從句連接詞that,whether,if主+謂+賓從主+謂+間接賓語+賓從非謂語動(dòng)詞+賓從介詞+賓從動(dòng)詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+that+賓從表語從句where,why,because,how主語是reason時(shí)，表從長用that不用becauseas,asif引導(dǎo)表從同位語從句抽象名詞+that+陳述句抽象名詞+其他成分+that+陳述句狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句when,while,as,since,before,after,once,everytime,eachtime,whenever,till,until,themoment,assoonas,theminute,immediately,nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when…條件狀語從句if,unless/not,as/solongas,as/sofaras,incase,providedthat,onconditionthat,evenif/though,asif/though,onlyif,ifonly地點(diǎn)狀語從句where(在…的地方),wherever原因狀語從句because,becauseof,as,since,nowthat,consideringthat,seeingthat,resultfrom,for,dueto結(jié)果狀語從句that,so,sothat,so…that…,such…that…,therefore,leadto,inorder,resultin,asaresult,consequently目的狀語從句that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest,inorder(not)todosth比較狀語從句as…as…,notso/as…as…