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推理判斷之寫作手法--講考點--胸有成竹距離高考還有一段時間,不少有經(jīng)驗的老師都會提醒考生,愈是臨近高考,能否咬緊牙關(guān)、學(xué)會自我調(diào)節(jié),態(tài)度是否主動積極,安排是否科學(xué)合理,能不能保持良好的心態(tài)、以飽滿的情緒迎接挑戰(zhàn),其效果往往大不一樣。以下是本人從事10多年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗總結(jié)出的以下學(xué)習(xí)資料,希望可以幫助大家提高答題的正確率,希望對你有所幫助,有志者事竟成!養(yǎng)成良好的答題習(xí)慣,是決定高考英語成敗的決定性因素之一。做題前,要認(rèn)真閱讀題目要求、題干和選項,并對答案內(nèi)容作出合理預(yù)測;答題時,切忌跟著感覺走,最好按照題目序號來做,不會的或存在疑問的,要做好標(biāo)記,要善于發(fā)現(xiàn),找到題目的題眼所在,規(guī)范答題,書寫工整;答題完畢時,要認(rèn)真檢查,查漏補缺,糾正錯誤??傊?,在最后的復(fù)習(xí)階段,學(xué)生們不要加大練習(xí)量。在這個時候,學(xué)生要盡快找到適合自己的答題方式,最重要的是以平常心去面對考試。英語最后的復(fù)習(xí)要樹立信心,考試的時候遇到難題要想“別人也難”,遇到容易的則要想“細(xì)心審題”。越到最后,考生越要回歸基礎(chǔ),單詞最好再梳理一遍,這樣有利于提高閱讀理解的效率。另附高三復(fù)習(xí)方法。【2022年推理判斷之寫作手法考點歸納】考點題型推理判斷之寫作手法閱讀理解2022試卷類型設(shè)問考點2021·北京卷閱讀D32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________.寫作手法20202020·全國新課標(biāo)III32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?寫作手法20122020·全國新高考I山東卷68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.寫作手法【2023年高考命題預(yù)測】推理判斷之寫作手法考點是高考中的??键c。作者在寫作文章的時候總是要用一些寫作手法,了解寫作手法是學(xué)生閱讀理解要掌握的內(nèi)容之一。做這類題時,我們可以借鑒中文的一些寫作手法,在寫作方法上它們是相通的。預(yù)測在2023高考中,寫作手法有可能會在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)?!就评砼袛嘀畬懽魇址键c指南】規(guī)律方法:常見的設(shè)問方式:(1)Howisthepassageorganized?(2)Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_________.(3)Thefirstparagraphservesasa(n)

__________.(4)Theexampleof…isgiventoshow/illustratethat__________. 了解文章的修辭手法。從修辭手法上講,在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對比等寫作手法。其中,“引用”和“例證”是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法之一。是歷年高考閱讀試題中必不可缺的命題方向?!耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同目的就是增強說服力,以更好的達(dá)到說理、說明的目的?!耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同功能就是服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主題。說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對比或比較等說明方式進行寫作,而這些說明方式都是為了使文章要說明的內(nèi)容或問題更加清晰明了、真實可信,或者更具說服力。記敘文可以采取以時間為序、以地點為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序(開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局)等敘事方式進行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時間的先后順序敘述,比如,先寫結(jié)局,再寫其他,最后寫高潮,這種敘事手法叫做倒敘??祭治觯篬2012·全國卷Ⅰ,D]

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(嘗試)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples【答案】68.D【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。成年人常常驚嘆他們能很好地記住兒時學(xué)過的東西。作者認(rèn)為這是兒時過度學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果,是因為當(dāng)我們兒時學(xué)會一樣?xùn)|西的時候,我們不是就此停止,而是繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí),才使我們記憶深刻。文章用例證法說明了“過度學(xué)習(xí)”的概念。最后作者談到了“過度學(xué)習(xí)”的好處和突擊學(xué)習(xí)的弊端?!敬鸢浮緿【解析】根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知:作者采用了舉例子的說明方法。比如:practicesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem和Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.【試題精練】1.【2022屆安徽省合肥市高三第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測】BridgesareacommonsightintheNetherlands.Butfourbridgesareparticularlyunusual:each26-footstructurewasfashionedfromconcretebyagiantroboticprinter.Theyarepartofarevolution(變革)thatisseeing3Dprintersmovefromthetabletoptotheconstructionlot.3Dconstructionprintersworkalotlikehome-officeones,exceptinsteadofinktheyspitoutconcrete.Nozzles(噴嘴)runbackandforthonrails,withcomputerscontrollingthetimeandspeed,sothatalayerofconcreteislaiddownwhereneeded.Bythetimetheslow-movingnozzlereachestheendofitspath,thelayerhasusuallyhardenedjustenoughtolaydownanotherontopofthefirst,buildingup,layer-by-layer,ahome-sizedwall.Withprecisepatternofdeposit,thenozzlecanleavespacesforwindows,doors,andotherdesignandstructuralelements.Ittakesabout24hoursofprintingtobuilda500-square-footsingle-floorhome.“Theprintingprocessdeliversstructure,wall-sheeting,innerandoutersurfacefinishing,allatthesametime,”saysJasonBallard,co-founderandCEOofICON,anAustin,Texascompany.“Thatnormallytakes20peoplerepresentingfiveorsixdifferenttradesworkingseveraldays.”3Dconstructionprintersarealsolesswasteful.Atypicalhomeconstructionsitegeneratesaboutfourtonsofwaste.Becausetheconcreteusedinconventionalconstructionisapplieduniformly,regardlessofwhetherit’sneededforstructuralsupportinaparticularareaornot,abouthalfoftheconcreteiswasted.3Dprinters,however,canvarythethicknessofastructurewithgreatprecision,usingconcreteonlywhereitisreallyneeded.Sofar,printedbuildingshavebeenmodest,low-costaffairs.Forinstance,ICONprintedahouseinAustin,Texas,intendedforfamilies,atacostof$10,000,andhasacontracttoprintatotalofsix.ThenitplanstotakeaprinterdowntoLatinAmericatobuild50low-costhomesthere.12.WhydoestheauthordiscussthenozzleinParagraph2?A.Toanalyzewhythenozzleissoimportant. B.Toconfirm3Dconstructionprintersareslow.C.Toexplainhow3Dconstructionprinterswork. D.Toarguetheprecisionofthenozzleneedsimproving.13.WhatdoesJasonBallardsayabout3Dconstructionprinters?A.Theyarehighlyefficient. B.Theyarealittlecomplex.C.Theyincreasethebuildingcost. D.Theywillreplacebuildersoneday.14.HowisParagraph4mainlydeveloped?A.Bymakingacontrast. B.Bygivingexamples. C.Bydescribingaprocess. D.Byanalyzingcauses.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PrintedBridgesBecomeaFashionintheNetherlands B.3DPrintingTechnologyisKeytoHousingProblemsC.YourHouseisGoingtoBeGreenerintheFuture D.YourNextHouseMayComeOutofa3DPrinter【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.D【解析】本文是說明文。文章向我們介紹了3D打印在建筑方面的應(yīng)用,主要講了3D打印建房子的工作原理,以及和普通建造方法相比的優(yōu)勢。12.推理判斷題。文章第一段“Theyarepartofarevolutionthatisseeing3Dprintersmovefromthetabletoptotheconstructionlot.(看到3D打印機從桌面轉(zhuǎn)移到建筑工地,是革命的一部分。)”以及第二段“Nozzlesrunbackandforthonrails,withcomputerscontrollingthetimeandspeed,sothatalayerofconcreteislaiddownwhereneeded.(由電腦控制時間和速度,噴嘴在軌道上來回運行以便在需要的地方鋪上一層混凝土。)”可知,第二段講噴嘴的工作方式,是為了解釋第一段3D打印機的工作方法。故選C項。13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段JasonBallard的話,“Theprintingprocessdeliversstructure,wall-sheeting,innerandoutersurfacefinishing,allatthesametime.Thatnormallytakes20peoplerepresentingfiveorsixdifferenttradesworkingseveraldays.(印刷過程中,打印機同時提供結(jié)構(gòu)、墻板、內(nèi)部和外部的表面處理。這通常需要來自五六個不同行業(yè)的20人工作數(shù)天。)”可知,JasonBallard認(rèn)為3D打印可以提供很多材料,又能同時完成很多人幾天的工作量,因此效率很高。故選A項。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“3Dconstructionprintersarealsolesswasteful.Atypicalhomeconstructionsitegeneratesaboutfourtonsofwaste.(3D建筑打印機的浪費也較少。一個典型的房屋建筑工地會產(chǎn)生大約四噸的廢物。)”可知,本段將3D打印和普通建筑工地進行對比。故選A項。15.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Forinstance,ICONprintedahouseinAustin,Texas,intendedforfamilies,atacostof$10,000,andhasacontracttoprintatotalofsix.ThenitplanstotakeaprinterdowntoLatinAmericatobuild50low-costhomesthere.(例如,ICON公司在德克薩斯州奧斯汀打印了一棟房子,打算提供給家庭居住,這套房子的成本為1萬美元,這個公司一共簽訂了打印6棟房子的合同。之后,它計劃將一臺打印機帶到拉丁美洲,在那里建造50個低成本的房屋。)”以及文章向我們介紹了3D打印在建筑方面的應(yīng)用,主要講了3D打印建房子的工作原理,以及和普通建造方法相比的優(yōu)勢。可知,3D打印機在未來可能給我們建造房子居住。故選D項。2.【2022屆廣西柳州市高三第三次模擬】Parentslookingforeducationpins,especialforkindergarten,haveprobablycomeacrossthetermWaldorf.ButwhatexactlyisaWaldorfschool?WaldorfeducationisbasedontheideasandteachingsofRudolfSteiner,anAustrianeducatorandphilosopherwhoopenedhisfirstschoolinGermanyin1919.Steiner’sschoolsfocusedon“wholechild”development,ratherthanthenarrowacademicfocuspopularinGermanschoolsatthetime.ExpertsinWaldorfeducationsaythattheseschoolstressteachingthewholechild.Amainlessonistaughtinablockoftimelastingforseveralweeks.Creativeartslikedrawing,painting,languagestudies,musicanddramasupportthemainlessonandgivestudentsavarietyofavenuestolearnthematerial.Studentsthencontinueanexplorationofthelessonthroughmovementandmotorskills,withactivitieslikephysicaleducation,building,dancingandgardening.ThegoalofWaldorfeducationistodevelopfree,butmorallyresponsibleindividualsequippedwithahighdegreeofsocialcompetenceandcreativecapabilities.Factualknowledge,homeworkandtestsscoresreceivelessattention.Likealleducationalphilosophies,Waldorfschoolshavebothpositivesandnegatives.AdvocateslikeMoskowitzsayitsapproach—balancingacademicsubjectswithartisticandpracticalactivities,teachingkidhowtothink,notwhattothink—helpsdevelopaloveoflearning.SomecommondrawbacksmentionedinconnectionwithWaldorfschoolsarethesamethingsthatmanyparentslike,suchasthelackofemphasisontechnologyandstandardizedtesting.BecausemanyWaldorfschoolsareprivate,tuitionmayalsobeanobstacleforsomeparents.AttheWaldorfSchoolofBaltimore,forinstance,tuitionforthe2021-2022schoolyearwasmorethan$20,000accordingtoitswebsitealthoughfinancialaidisavailable.Today,therearealmost1,200Waldorfschoolsandmorethan1,900Waldorfkindergartensaroundtheworld,accordingtotheAllianceforPublicWaldorfEducation.Theseschoolscanbefoundinapproximately60differentcountriesaroundtheworld.Roughly130Waldorfschools,bothpublicandprivate,areintheUnitedStates.TheWaldorfEducationmodelhasbecomemostpopularinEuropeancountries,havingeveninfluencedmanyofthepublicschools.32.WhydidRudolfSteineropenhisfirstschoolin1919?A.HewantedtohelpchildrenmakeprogressacademicallyB.Heplannedtofullydevelopchildren'spotentialsinallaspects.C.Heexpectedchildrentohavemoreindooractivities.D.HetriedtofollowtheteachinginGermanyatthattime33.WhichofthefollowingreceivesthemostattentioninWaldorfeducation?A.Developingthesenseofresponsibility. B.Rememberingknowledgeaboutfacts.C.Achievinghighstatusinsociety. D.Gettinghighmarksinthetests.34.HowdoestheauthorprovethetuitionofaWaldorfschoolisexpensive?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Bycomparingwithotherschools.C.Bylistingsomereasons. D.Byshowingtheresultofasurvey.35.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.ThecourseofWaldorfeducation. B.TheoriginofWaldorfeducation.C.ThepopularityofWaldorfschools. D.TheprosandconsofWaldorfeducation.【答案】32.B33.A34.A35.C【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了華德福學(xué)校創(chuàng)建的歷史、培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)以及學(xué)校存在的缺點等情況。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Steiner’sschoolsfocusedon“wholechild”development,ratherthanthenarrowacademicfocuspopularinGermanschoolsatthetime.(Steiner的學(xué)校關(guān)注的是“完整兒童”的發(fā)展,而不是當(dāng)時德國學(xué)校流行的狹隘的學(xué)術(shù)關(guān)注)”以及第二段中“ExpertsinWaldorfeducationsaythattheseschoolstressteachingthewholechild.(華德福教育的專家說,這些學(xué)校強調(diào)要全面教育孩子)”可知,RudolfSteiner在1919年開辦了他的第一所學(xué)校因為他計劃充分開發(fā)孩子們各方面的潛能。故選B。33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“ThegoalofWaldorfeducationistodevelopfree,butmorallyresponsibleindividualsequippedwithahighdegreeofsocialcompetenceandcreativecapabilities.(華德福教育的目標(biāo)是培養(yǎng)自由但有道德責(zé)任感、具備高度社會能力和創(chuàng)新能力的個人)”可知,培養(yǎng)責(zé)任感在華德福教育中最受關(guān)注。故選A。34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“BecausemanyWaldorfschoolsareprivate,tuitionmayalsobeanobstacleforsomeparents.AttheWaldorfSchoolofBaltimore,forinstance,tuitionforthe2021-2022schoolyearwasmorethan$20,000accordingtoitswebsitealthoughfinancialaidisavailable.(由于許多華德福學(xué)校是私立的,學(xué)費對一些家長來說可能也是一個障礙。例如,巴爾的摩華德福學(xué)校的網(wǎng)站顯示,盡管可以提供助學(xué)金,但該學(xué)校2021到2022學(xué)年的學(xué)費超過2萬美元)”可推知,作者通過舉例說明來證明華德福學(xué)校的學(xué)費昂貴的。故選A。35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Today,therearealmost1,200Waldorfschoolsandmorethan1,900Waldorfkindergartensaroundtheworld,accordingtotheAllianceforPublicWaldorfEducation.Theseschoolscanbefoundinapproximately60differentcountriesaroundtheworld.Roughly130Waldorfschools,bothpublicandprivate,areintheUnitedStates.TheWaldorfEducationmodelhasbecomemostpopularinEuropeancountries,havingeveninfluencedmanyofthepublicschools.(如今,根據(jù)公共華德福教育聯(lián)盟的數(shù)據(jù),全世界有近1200所華德福學(xué)校和1900多所華德福幼兒園。這些學(xué)校分布在全世界大約60個不同的國家。在美國,大約有130所公立和私立的華德福學(xué)校。華德福教育模式在歐洲國家非常流行,甚至影響了許多公立學(xué)校)”可知,第四段主要講的是華德福學(xué)校受歡迎的情況。故選C。3.【2022屆山西省臨汾市高考考前適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練考試(二)】Oneday,Iaskedsomecollegestudentstotellmethefirstwordthatcametomindwhenthinkingaboutmathematics.Thetopwordswere“calculation”and“equation(等式)”.Instead,themathematiciansofferedphraseslike“criticalthinking”and“problem-solving.”Thisisunfortunatelycommon.Whatmathematiciansthinkofisentirelydifferentfromwhatthegeneralpopulationthinksof.Nowonderwehear“Ihatemath”sooften.SoIsetaboutsolvingthisproblemunconventionally.Idecidedtoofferaclasscalled“TheMathematicsofKnitting”.Iremovedpencil,paper,calculatorandtextbookfromtheclassroomcompletely.Instead,wetalked,usedourhands,drewpicturesandplayedwitheverything.Andofcourse,weknit.Oneessentialanddifficultpartofmathematicalcontentistheequation,andcrucialtothisistheequalsign,whichisverystrict.Anequationlikex=5tellsusthenumber5andthevalueofxmustbeexactlythesame.Anysmalldeviation(偏離)from“exactly”meanstwothingsarenotequal.However,twoquantitiesarealwaysnotexactlythesameinlife.Imaginethatyouhavetwosquarepillows.Thefirstisredontop,yellowontheright,greenonbottomandblueontheleft.Thesecondisyellowonthetop,greenontheright,blueonbottom,andredontheleft.Thepillowsaren'texactlythesamebutcertainlysimilar.Infact,theywouldbeexactlythesameifyouturnedthepillowwiththeredtoponcecounterclockwise.Anothertopicisreferredtoas“rubbersheetgeometry”.Theideaistoimaginethewholeworldismadeofrubber,thenreimaginetheshapes.Let’strytounderstanditwithknitting.Forexample,whilebeingmade,ahatisshapedbythreeneedles,makingitlooktriangular.Then,onceitcomesofftheneedles,itrelaxesintoacircle.Infact,allpolygons(多邊形)becomecircles

inthisfieldofstudy.Thesubjectsabovearetypicallyreservedformathmajorsincollege.Ifmoremathematicianswereabletosetasideclassicaltechniques,morepeopleouttherecouldembracemathematicalthought.4.Whydidtheauthorstart“TheMathematicsofKnitting”?A.Topromotetraditionalhandicraft.B.Tocultivatethestudents’capacitytosolveproblems.C.Toremovethecommonmisunderstandingaboutmath.D.Toenhancethestudents’skillsintheapplicationofmath.5.Whatistherelationshipbetweentheequationinmathandthatinlife?A.Sameandexact. B.Samebutdifferent.C.Equalandprecise. D.Differentbutinseparable.6.Howdoestheauthorpresentwhatmathematicsreallyis?A.Byclarifyingreasons. B.Bygivingexamples.C.Byanalyzingresults. D.Bydescribingprocedures.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Math:anovelskillofknittingB.Knitting:anunconventionalcourseC.DifferentFlavorsofMathRevealedbyKnittingD.TheCalculationandEquationinMathematicalContent【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.C【解析】這是一篇說明文,本文主要講述了作者在課堂上不用鉛筆、紙張、計算器等通常被認(rèn)為和數(shù)學(xué)相關(guān)的東西,而是讓學(xué)生交談、畫畫和編織來學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué),并通過編織來解釋數(shù)學(xué)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Idecidedtoofferaclasscalled‘TheMathematicsofKnitting’.Iremovedpencil,paper,calculatorandtextbookfromtheclassroomcompletely.Instead,wetalked,usedourhands,drewpicturesandplayedwitheverything.(我決定開設(shè)一門叫做‘編織數(shù)學(xué)’的課程。我把鉛筆、紙、計算器和課本完全從教室里拿了出來。相反,我們聊天、動手、畫畫,什么都玩。)”可知,作者開設(shè)“編織數(shù)學(xué)”的課程是為了消除人們對數(shù)學(xué)的誤解。故選C項。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Anequationlikex=5tellsusthenumber5andthevalueofxmustbeexactlythesame.(比如x=5這個等式告訴我們數(shù)字5和x的值必須完全相同)”及“However,twoquantitiesarealwaysnotexactlythesameinlife.(然而,在生活中很多時候兩個量并不完全相同)”可知,數(shù)學(xué)上的等式和生活中的等式相同但又不完全相同。故選B項。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Imaginethatyouhavetwosquarepillows.(想象一下,你有兩個方形枕頭。)”及第四段中“Let’strytounderstanditwithknitting.(讓我們試著用編織來理解這個概念。)”可知,作者是通過舉例子的方式來說明數(shù)學(xué)是什么。故選B項。7.主旨大意題。通讀全文,結(jié)合最后一段中“Ifmoremathematicianswereabletosetasideclassicaltechniques,morepeopleouttherecouldembracemathematicalthought.(如果有更多的數(shù)學(xué)家能夠拋開經(jīng)典的技巧,就會有更多的人擁抱數(shù)學(xué)思想。)”可知,本文主要講述了作者在課堂上不用鉛筆、紙張、計算器等通常被認(rèn)為和數(shù)學(xué)相關(guān)的東西,而是讓學(xué)生交談、畫畫和編織來學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué),并通過編織來解釋數(shù)學(xué)。C項“由編織揭示的不同數(shù)學(xué)思想”適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C項。高考質(zhì)量提升是一項系統(tǒng)工程,涉及到多個方面、各個維度,關(guān)鍵是要抓住重點、以點帶面、全面突破,收到事半功倍的效果。備考策略務(wù)必精準(zhǔn)高三備考的不同階段,目標(biāo)和任務(wù)各不相同,就像打仗一樣,攻克不同的山頭有不同的打法,只有抓住要領(lǐng),才能打贏主動仗。一是細(xì)化“作戰(zhàn)地圖”。從現(xiàn)在到一??荚嚽埃饕蝿?wù)是過課本、串教材,把基礎(chǔ)知識再夯實,為專題復(fù)習(xí)奠定堅實基礎(chǔ)。各學(xué)科組教師要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)新課程、新課標(biāo)、《中國考試評價體系及說明》和近三年高考原題,把高考考點和試題變化點做成“作戰(zhàn)地圖”,平時考試、練習(xí)要對照“作戰(zhàn)地圖”進行選題,并在“作戰(zhàn)地圖”上一一標(biāo)注,確保考點訓(xùn)練無死角、考點覆蓋無遺漏。二是組織集體攻堅。發(fā)揮學(xué)科組集體備考的優(yōu)勢,學(xué)科組內(nèi)任務(wù)分解、責(zé)任到人,每次考試變式訓(xùn)練的預(yù)測由組長把關(guān)。學(xué)科組堅持“一課一研”、“一考一研”,新老教師步調(diào)一致,節(jié)奏有序,充分發(fā)揮分工協(xié)作的集體教研智慧。三是找準(zhǔn)學(xué)科增分點。認(rèn)真研究本省、本市、本校近年來的高考數(shù)據(jù),細(xì)化到每一個知識點的得失分情況,找準(zhǔn)突破點和增分點,有目的進行專項訓(xùn)練和突破提升。英語的閱讀理解和小作文、語文的古文分析和作文、理科的做題速度、文科的答題思路等,都要制定詳細(xì)的訓(xùn)練方案和突破的方法策略,在實踐中調(diào)整提升,打破制約瓶頸,找到質(zhì)量提升的突破口。二、課堂教學(xué)務(wù)必高效。課堂是教育教學(xué)是主陣地。高三年級教學(xué)時間緊,教學(xué)任務(wù)重,更要切實發(fā)揮課堂40分鐘的作用。一是上好微專題課。春節(jié)前后,一輪復(fù)習(xí)進入后期,學(xué)生不會的知識點逐步浮出水面。這些薄弱知識點如果解決不好,將直接影響到二輪復(fù)習(xí)的效果。高三年級要圍繞浮現(xiàn)出來的問題,上好微專題或微微專題課,針對某一個點或幾個點精講、講透,觸類旁通。微專題課怎么上?可以針對學(xué)生不會的問題,每節(jié)課重點解決1-2個知識點,專題強調(diào),專點訓(xùn)練,不貪多,順一個點“追祖宗八代”,剖析透!微微專題,則更精、更準(zhǔn)、更小、更有效,可以一節(jié)課只講一道題,但是要把這一道題挖深、挖透,講透一個會一類,做會一題能舉一反三。二是上好試卷講評課。試卷講評課是高三的主打課型,必須切實收到實效。首先,要精確掌握考情??荚嚥贿^夜,打鐵要趁熱,每次考試以后,要對班級考試情況了如指掌,充分了解易錯點、易考點,這樣講評時,才能有所側(cè)重,才能有針對性地攻克重難點。其次,要規(guī)范講評流程。針對錯誤率高或重點考察的試題,教師引導(dǎo)出方法思路;再由學(xué)生個人進行自評自糾,小組討論展示,找出得分原因和失分原因,真正弄清楚解題思路。師生合作再對解題思路進行再歸納總結(jié),寫到紙上記錄下來,強化驗證結(jié)果。三是克服“漏斗思維”。所謂“漏斗思維”,就是:今天正在學(xué),突然有事不繼續(xù)了,明天已經(jīng)忘記一大部分,后天想起來,繼續(xù)學(xué),但是忘記的一大部分似乎又需要重新開始,周而復(fù)始,積累數(shù)月,結(jié)果是僅僅只有一點點的內(nèi)容,而且是在同一個地方循環(huán)往復(fù)。對于常錯、常考的知識點,要經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí),要不就如同漏斗一樣慢慢溜掉。尤其是對于已經(jīng)進行過的專題訓(xùn)練、變式訓(xùn)練,不能認(rèn)為進行過一次、兩次就萬事大吉,要每隔2周進行“回頭看”,把學(xué)生的易錯題重新編輯,歸類整理后附上分析講解印發(fā)給學(xué)生,克服漏斗思維,反復(fù)夯實專題訓(xùn)練的知識點。三、學(xué)生訓(xùn)練務(wù)必得法。教師的教學(xué)能力最終要轉(zhuǎn)化為學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力,對高三學(xué)生而言,就是要通過訓(xùn)練轉(zhuǎn)化為學(xué)生的答題能力。一是嚴(yán)格限時訓(xùn)練。限時訓(xùn)練就是讓學(xué)生在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)做完訓(xùn)練題目,既訓(xùn)練速度,又鍛煉準(zhǔn)確度。限時訓(xùn)練可短可長,可以是課前十分鐘,可以是一節(jié)課,但必須堅決做到即練即評,長期堅持,通過教師評閱提升學(xué)生答題速度和效度,做到日日清,周周清,月月清,適應(yīng)高考

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