2022高考英語閱讀理解專題強化練習(xí)之說明文

(A)

You'veprobablybeentoanartmuseumgiftshop.Locatedtowardthemuseumexit,agift

shopisanunmissablestopwhereyoucantakehomeaclassicpieceofartindozensofways.

ItemsinspiredbyVanGogh,forexample,rangefromateapot,toanumbrella,ajournal,andof

course,atotebag.Thoughfrequentsightingofthesameartworkmaystarttofeelabsurd,allthis

merchandise(貨品)isthoughtfullyplannedout.

“WeareheretosupporttheMetropolitanMuseumofArtfinanciallyandoneofthemain

goalsofthemuseumintermsofeducation.uLeanneGraeffistheheadofdesignandproduct

developmentfortheMETstore,“Ourdecisionscanbepowerfullythankstothemere-exposure

effect—apsychologicalphenomenonwhererepeatedexposuretosomethingmakesyoulikeit

more.”

Aclassicexampleis：whenyouhearasongforthefirsttimeandhateil,butaftera

couplemorelistens,youstarttolikeit.SoitiswithwatchingaTVcommercial.Inanartstore,

seeinganartworkfrequentlyhighlightstheideathattheparticularpieceofartisimportant.You

starttoappreciateitandfeelconnectedtoit.

Traditionally,museumsmakeconsiderableprofitsbysellingthingsrelatediobigexhibitions

likeVanGoghpaintings.Butthatmodelischanging.Thosebigshowsputsusinavery

challengingpositionofbeingreliantonwhetherpeoplecometoseeaparticularshow,orwhether

ornotthere'sproductthatisappropriatetodevelopforthatparticularshow,"Leanneexplains.

Abettertacticmightberelyingonmuseum-goersthemselvestodrivestockingdecisions.

Gettingoutinthemuseumwhilepeoplearewalkingaround,reallytryingtounderstandwhat

they'rethinkingaboutwhentheyfinallydomakeitintothestoreissomethingthatwealwaystry

tokeeptopofmind.

1：AccordingtoLeanneGraeff,whataretheitemsintheMETstoremeanttodo?

A.Tomakevisitorsfeelabsurd.

B.Tohelpfundseverallocalmuseums.

C.Tostronglyimpressvisitorswithart.

D.Totryoutthemere-exposureeffect,

2：Howdoestheauthorclarifythemere-exposureeffect?

A.Bydrawingcomparisons.

B.Byusingstatistics.

C.Bypresentingarguments.

D.Bygivingexamples.

3：WhatdoesLeanneprobablyagreewithintermsofbigshows?

A.Theyfailtoappealtovisitors.

B.Theycausepressureontheartstore.

C.Theyforcethestoretochangeitslocation.

D.Theymakeappropriateproductsavailable.

4：Whatdoestheunderlinedword"tactic"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Apricingsystem.

B.Abusinesstrap.

C.Aproductdevelopmentmethod.

D.Acustomercomplaintresponse.

（B）

Thewidespreadapplicationofinternettechnologyhasmadeourliveseasierbutposesabig

challengetoseniorcitizens,whoarenotalwayscomfortablewithsmartphonesandsomanynew

apps.

InChina,onlyafewseniorcitizensareabletoenjoythebenefitsthatnewtechnologiesoffer.

AccordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics,thenumberofpeopleaged60andabovewas

253.88millionin2019,thatis18JpercentofChina'spopulation.Butonly23percentofthesenior

citizenswereabletoaccesstheinternet.Thatmeansmorethanthree-fourthsoftheelderlyare

deprived（剝奪）ofthedigitalconvenience.

Failuretoaccesstheinternetorusesmartphoneshasincreaseddifficultiesforthem.They

cannoteventakeataxieasilyinthiseraofappcabs.Therehavebeenreportsofmanyshops

turningawayelderswhodon'tknowhowtopayusingsmartphones,insteadoflettingthempayin

cash.Manyelderswhocan'tusesmartphonesarefacingdifficultiesduringthispandemic（流行

?。?astheycannotaccesstheinternet-basedhealthcoderequiredforentryintomanypublic

placesaspartoftheepidemicpreventionandcontrolmeasures.

Newtechnologiesbecomepopularbecausetheyareoftenofgreatuseinourdailylives.But

manyseniorcitizens,especiallythoselivinginruralareasorthosewhosegrownupchildren

don'tlivewiththem,cannotaccesstheinternetorsmart'phones,eitherbecauseoffinancial

restrictionsorbecausetheycannotlearnnewthingsbeyondacertainpoint.Thedigitalgap

betweentheelderlyandtheyoungisbecomingmorepronounced.

However,theseniorcitizensshouldnotbecomeasilentgroupdeprivedofdigitalbenefits<It

issociety*sresponsibilitytohelpthembridgethedigitalgap,andbepatientwiththemwhenthey

facedifficultieskeepingpacewithtimes.

1.Whatdowelearnfromthetext?

A.Notalltheelderlyareabletoenjoythesmartlifeservices.

B.Internettechnologyhasmadeeveryone'slifeeasier.

C.Aboutone-fourthpeoplehaveeasyaccesstotheinternet.

D.Smartphonesandappsarenotdesignedfortheelderly.

2.WhatfactdotheexamplesinParagraph3present?

A.Manyeldersdon'tknowhowtohireataxi.

B.Manyeldersalwaysgoshoppingwithouttheirsmartphones.

C.Manyeldershavetroubleinusingthehealthcode.

D.Manyeldersarenotallowedtoenterpublicplacesduringthepandemic.

3.WhichistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinParagraph4?

A.Predictable.B.Obvious.C.Avoidable.D.Narrow.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Digitalgapmakeseverythingharder,

B.Grownupchildrenshouldlivewiththeelderlywithdigitalproblems.

C.Thesocietyshouldberesponsiblefortheelderly*sdigitalproblems.

D.Theinternettechnologyprovideseasylivesforseniorsinallrespects.

(C)

Dogsbegantobranchoutfromwolvestensofthousandsofyearsago,whentheirwild

ancestorsstartedinteractingwithhumans.Overtime,domesticationshapedtheirbehavior,and

todaypetdogsareespeciallyexpertatunderstandingcues（暗示）fromhumans.Forexample,when

apersonpointsatabowl,apetdogwillusuallyapproachit.Allkindsofcomplexpointing

gestureshavebeentriedwithpetdogs,andtheyseemtodowell.

Wolvesareadifferentstory,however.Whenthesameexperimentsaredonewithwolves,

theyseemtobequitepooratit.Sothere'sthisbigopenquestionofhowdogsbecamedogs.

Bhadra,anIndianbehavioralbiologist,isinterestedinwhetherdogsrequiretrainingto

understandcueslikepointingorifthebehaviorisinborn.Moststudieshavefocusedonpetdogs

indevelopedcountriesbutBhadrathinksit'sanerrortoneglecthowstraydogsrespondtohuman

cues.

InIndia,there'sahugepopulationofstraydogsthatliveonthestreetsforgenerations.The

researchersfeltthatthefree-rangingdogswereaverynicesystem,whichcouldgivetheminputs

aboutwhatdogscouldhavebeenlikebeforebeingmadepartsofhumanfamilies.

Forthestudy,theresearchersapproachedstraydogsontheIndianstreets.Oneexperimenter

presentedthedogswithapieceofrawchickeninaplasticbowl.Abouthalfofthetime,thedogs

ranaway,scared.Butthefriendlierdogsthatstuckaroundweretestedfortheirabilitytorespond

topointing.Onceadogprovedinterested,thefirstexperimenterputchickeninoneoftwobowls

andcoveredbothbowls.Asecondexperimenter,whohadnoknowledgeofwhichbowlcontained

themeatandthuscouldn'tgivesubconsciouscueinformation,pointedatoneofthebowlswhile

thedogwatched.About80percentactuallyfollowedthepointandwenttothebowlthatthe

secondexperimenterpointedtoward.

Bhadrathinksthisdemonstrationprovidesevidencethattrainingisnotrequiredfordogsto

understandcomplexpointingcues.Perhapsfurtherstudieswithstraydogscanhelprevealmore

aboutwhatmakesdogsthebestfriendsofhumanbeings.

1.Whatdoestheexampleinparagraph1showaboutpetdogs?

A.Theycanfigureoutsomehumangestures.

B.They'reparticularlyattachedtotheirowners.

C.Theymaymakesenseofspecifichumanspeech.

D.They5reeasilydistinguishedfromwolvesinintelligence.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"neglect^inparagraph3mean?

A.Ignore.B.Estimate.C.Guarantee.D.Claim.

3.Howdidthesecondexperimentergivedogsdirections?

A.Bymistake.B.Inalogicalmanner.

C.Atrandom.D.Throughtrialanderror.

4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthetext?

A.Environment.B.Technology.

C.Discovery.D.Chemistry.

(D)

ANewZealandcouncil(市議會)hasannouncedamonth-longroadclosureinorderto

allowasealionandherpuptoreachtheoceansafely.

JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealionsmade

theirhomeatanearbygolfcourse(球場)andstarted"regularlycrossingtheroadtogettothe

beach,"accordingtoaFacebookpostfromDunedinCityCouncil.

“Youcanstillvisittheareaonfootorbybicycle,butpleasegivethesealionslotsofspace/

continuedthepost.

Localsapplaudedthedecision,andoneevencalledfortheclosuretobemadepermanent.

“Nodogsshouldbeonthebeach,either,"wroteGayleneSmith."Weneedtoprotectour

beautifulsealife?"

Dogsareknowntoattacksealions,andChisholmLinksGolfCourse,wherethesealions

havemadetheirhome,alsopostedadvicetodogwalkersinaFacebookupdate.

"We'reluckytohavesealionsonourcoastlineandweneedtosharethespacewiththem,as

thisiswhatmakesourcoastlinesounique!"wrotethecourseonFacebook.

ThecouncilwentontoexplainthatNewZealandsealionsareendangered,andareoneofthe

world'srarestspeciesofsealion.

Thereareanestimated12,000NewZealandsealionsleft,accordingtotheDepartmentof

Conservation.Underlocallaw,anyonewhokillsasealioncouldfaceuptotwoyearsinprisonor

afineofuptoNZ$250,000(US$178,000).

1.WhatdecisionhastheDunedinCityCouncilmade?

A.Closinganoceandriveforamonth.

B.Closingthenearbybeachtemporarily.

C.Forbiddingentryintoagolfcourse.

D.Forbiddingwalkingdogsoutside.

2.HowdidtheCityCouncilannouncethedecision?

A.ByinformingonTV.

B.BypostingonFacebook.

C.Byadvertisinginanewspaper.

D.Bysendingoutnotices.

3.Whatistheattitudeofthelocalpeopletowardtheclosure?

A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Uncaring.D.Critical.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutNewZealandsealionsfromthetext?

A.Theyareunderlegalprotection.

B.Theyareacommonspecies.

C.Theyareafraidofhumans.

D.Theyarebeingkilledbydogs.

（E）

Morethanoneinfivespeciesofmapletreesfacesextinction,ashockingnewreporthas

revealed.

Thetreesareexperiencingavastdeclineinhabitat,duetourbandevelopment,timber（木對

木）harvesting,andagriculturalexpansion."Timeisrunningoutfortheworld'sbiodiversity,n

saidDouglasJustice,associatedirectorattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaBotanicalGarden.

uEveryrecentsurveyofplantsandanimalsinthewildpointstothis."Hecontinued,

“Thisishappeningnearlyeverywherethatrarermaplesexist.Andbecauseofclimate

change,thenarrowhabitatsthatsupportspeciesatthetopsofmountainsarequickly

disappearing."

Thetreescanbefoundinsub-tropicalandtropical（赤道的）regions,asfarsouthasIndonesia.

TheonlyspeciesfoundintheUK,thefieldmapleisnotunderthreat.Notonlyarethetreesa

popularornamental（裝飾的）featureinparksandpublicspaces,butalsotheyareakeypartofthe

naturalecosysteminwoodlands,aswellasbeinganimportanttimbercropinseveralcountries.

Chinaishometothelargestproportion（比例）ofmapleswith92species.Ithasseena

numberoftreesbecomeendangeredduetourbanexpansion.Some14ofthe23mapletreesatrisk

ofextinctioninthecountryareonlyfoundinChinaandhavesmallpopulationsandlimited

geographicalranges.uWestillhaveanopportunitytosavespeciesfromdisappearance,butitwill

takeexpertise,resourcesandthecooperativeeffortsbytheworld'sbotanicalgardenstomakeit

work,"Justiceadded.

OnespeciesinMexico,theAcerbinzayedii,isin"desperateneedofconversation"despite

onlybeingdiscoveredin2017."Itisatriskfromclimatechangeinitscloudforesthabitatand

threatenedbygrazing,logging,andforestfires,**thereportadds.Thereportrecommends

developingconversationplans,monitoringspeciescurrentlynotatrisktoensurepopulationsare

maintained(保持)，andaddingthosemissingmaplespeciestoseedbanksandthelike.

BGCI(BotanicGardensConversationInternational)isnowestablishingaconversation

programtoaddresstheconservationneedsofmaplespecies.Maplespecialistswillworktogether

todevelopcomprehensivestrategiestomanageanddeliverconservationactionpointsforthe

species.

1.Whatisthemajorreasonformapletrees'distinction?

A.Alackofscientificresearch.

B.Therarityofthenewspecies.

C.Thelossesoftheirhabitats.

D.Problemswiththedistribution.

2.What'sJustice'sattitudetosavingmapletrees?

A.Hopeful.B.Skeptical.

C.Reserved.D.Negative.

3.Whatarethelasttwoparagraphsintendedtotellus?

A.Thereisnoguaranteeofmaintainingthetreepopulations.

B.Itcanneverbetoolatetojoinhandstoprotectthespecies.

C.Allmapletreesofthespeciesareontheedgeofextinction.

D.Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoconservemapletrees.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.Timeisrunningoutformapletrees

B.Mapletreesarevitaltotheecosystem

C.Mapletreeswillstandtallinnature

D.Climatechangeputsmapletreesatrisk

（F）

WhitesandbeachesoftheCocosIslands,whichareknownasagorgeoustouristdestination

surroundedbygreenishbluewater,havenowbeenfilledwithplasticwasteslikeabandoned

plasticwaterbottles,toothbrushes,andcigarettelighters.

JenniferLavers,amarinescientist,wenttothesetropicalislandswithherresearchteam.

Knowingthatlotsofbeacheswerepollutedbyplasticwastes,theteamconductedacareful

scientificexaminationonthecoast,onlytofindtheproblemcausedbypiecesoftrashhumansleft

wasworsethanexpected.

Notallplasticsaretoblame.Theyarenecessaryinplaceslikehospitalsandairplanes,and

makeourvehicleslighterandmoreefficient.However,otherplastics,especiallydisposable（一次

性的）plastics,accountforthegrowingmessonthebeaches.Islandsallovertheworldare

jammedwithplastics.AndtheCocosIslandsarenoexception.

Itrequiresthegreatesteffortofalltimetocontrolplasticpollutioninmodernsociety.No

matterhowtallthehurdles（欄架）are,somethinghastobedone.

Apparently,demandfordisposableplasticsmustbereducedgreatly."Whydon'twecarry

aroundbagsthatwecanuseoverandoveragain?”askedRichardGross,achemistwho

researchesinnovativewaystomakemoresustainableplastics."Let'scarryaroundreusablelunch

boxes.Weshouldunderstandhowseriousthesituationis.”

Althoughitisimportantforindividualstomakeanefforttoavoidusingdisposableplastics,it

isalsogenerally