SectionⅡWarmingUp&Reading—LanguagePointsEvensomeofthecasualgarmentswewearhavebrandnamesattachedtothemwhichturnusintowalkingadvertisements.甚至從一些我們穿的休閑外衣上我們也可以看到印在衣服上的品牌名稱，這讓我們成了移動的廣告。(1)casual①Heearnedalivingbycasuallabor.他靠打零工謀生。②Wearecasualvisitors.我們是不速之客。[自我探究]casual是形容詞，意為偶然的；隨意的；臨時的。eq\a\vs4\al()casualadj. 偶然的，臨時的；隨便的； 漠不關心的，冷淡的；非正式的acasualmeeting 巧遇casuallyadv. 偶然地；臨時地；隨便地③Itookacasualglanceatthearticle.我瀏覽了一下那篇文章。④Hiscasualattitudeannoyedher.他漫不經心的態(tài)度使她惱火。⑤Theyweresmartlybutcasuallydressed.他們穿得漂亮又隨意。(2)o①Heatenergyturnsiceintosteam.熱能把冰變?yōu)檎羝?。②Inthewinter，thewaterturnsintoice.冬天水變成了冰。③TheteacheraskedustoturnthetextintoEnglish.老師要求我們把這篇文章譯成英語。[自我探究]o意為把……變成或把……譯成；turninto意為變成，成為。eq\a\vs4\al()turnaway 偏離；拒絕……進入turndown 拒絕；(把聲音)調小一點turnin 上交turnout(tobe/that) 證明是；結果是turnup 調大；出現turnon/off 開/關turnto 轉向；求助于turnover 翻身，打翻turnagainst 背叛；與……反目；反對④Itturnedoutthatthetwotravellershadbeenkilled.后來證實有兩位乘客喪生。⑤Weoftenturntothishandbookforinformationontransistors.我們常從這本手冊查閱有關晶體管的資料。[巧學活用]——完成句子(1)我昨晚本想來看你的，但由于湯姆的臨時到訪未能來。Ihadintendedtoeovertoseeyoulastnight.ButIwaspreventedfromdoingso______________________．(2)她把舊衣服改成了裙子。She________________________．答案：(1)byTom’scasualvisit(2)turnedherolddressintoaskirtAnadvertisementisamessageorannouncementthatinformsorinfluencespeople.廣告是通知或影響人的信息或通告。①Theydecidedtoinformthepoliceimmediately.他們決定立即報告警察。②Theycamearoundandinformedusoftheirdecision.他們來把他們的決議通知了我們。[自我探究]inform是動詞，意為通知；告訴；informsb.ofsth.意為通知某人某事。eq\a\vs4\al()informsb.＋從句 通知某人……informagainst/on/uponsb. 告發(fā)某人；檢舉某人③Thenurseinformedusthatthevisitinghourswereover.護士告訴我們探視時間結束了。④Theywillinformyouhowtomakecontactwithuslaterthisafternoon.他們將于今天下午晚些時候通知你怎樣和我們取得聯系。⑤FinallyMichaeldecidedtoinformagainstthedrugdealertosavehisson.為了救自己的兒子，邁克最后決定告發(fā)毒品販子。[巧學活用]——句型轉換Iinformedhermotherofhersafearrival.→Iinformedhermotherthatshe_arrived_safely．Theirmoneywouldbewastedifthemessagedidn’treachitstargetaudience，inotherwordsthepeopletheadvertisementintendstopersuade.如果信息沒有發(fā)布給廣告的目標聽眾，也就是廣告想要說服的人，那么他們的錢就白花了。①Thisbookwillbethetargetofthebittercriticism.這本書會成為尖銳批評的對象。②Theysetatargetfortheirstudy.他們?yōu)閷W習制定了一個目標。[自我探究]target是名詞，意為目標；對象；靶子。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)targetvt. 把……作為目標(或對象)； 為……定目標targetsth./targetat/onsb./sth. 瞄準……targetdate 預定(開始或結束的)日期(2)bedeadonthetarget 正中目標；正對著目標thetargetof... ……的對象/目標③Themissilesweretargetedevenoncivilianconstructions.導彈甚至以民用建筑為目標。④Mostadstargetaspecificareaofthemarket.大部分廣告是針對某一特定市場的。[巧學活用]——完成句子這項計劃將成為很多反對者攻擊的對象。Theplanwillbe________________________．答案：thetargetofmanyoppositionattacksHavingidentifiedthetargetgroup，researchersfindoutasmuchaspossibleaboutthoseinthetargetgroup，suchastheirlikesanddislikes，andhowtheproductwouldfitintotheirlives.確立了廣告的目標群體后，研究人員會盡量收集這個群體的有關信息，例如他們的好惡以及如何讓產品適合他們的生活。①I’vebeenlearningdriving，andIthinkI’dfitintodrivingacar.我一直在學習駕駛，自以為適合駕駛轎車。[自我探究]fitinto是動詞＋介詞組成的動詞短語，意為適合。eq\a\vs4\al()fitinwith 符合；適應fiton 安裝，裝上fitout 裝備；配備fitup 裝備；安裝②It’saverynicesofabutitdoesn’tfitinwiththerestoftheroom.沙發(fā)很漂亮，可是和房間的其他東西不配。③Theyspent18millionpoundsofGovernmentfundsfittingouttheLondonheadquarters.他們花費180萬英鎊的政府基金來使倫敦總部的設施配備齊全。[巧學活用]——單句改錯(1)Hedidn’tfitwithlivingabroad，sohecamebacktohiscountry.____________________(2)Dotheseplansbefitinwithyourarrangements？____________________答案：(1)with→into(2)去掉beAdsthatfeaturerichandfamouspeoplewillgrabtheattentionofthosewhoadmirepeoplelikethat.而以有錢人和名人為特色的廣告則會抓住那些崇拜他們的人的注意力。①Aninterestingfeatureofthecityistheoldmarket.這座城市的一個有趣的特征就是古老的市場。[自我探究]feature是名詞，意為相貌；特寫；特色，特征。eq\a\vs4\al()featuren． 特色；特征vt.&vi. 以……為特色；突出；由……主演②Round-the-clockservicefeaturesthisstore.晝夜服務是這家商店的特色。③ThisisanoldfilmfeaturingCharlieChaplin.這是一部查理·卓別林主演的老電影。④WetweatherisafeatureoflifeinScotland.潮濕的天氣是蘇格蘭的特色。單詞意義區(qū)別feature“特征”，指面貌等顯著的部分或心中所留印象的顯著部分characteristic“特征”，指與其他物區(qū)別的特征⑤Hisnoseishismoststrikingfeature.他面部最突出的部分是鼻子。⑥Acharacteristicofthisspeciesisthebluestripe.這個物種的特征是有藍色條紋。[巧學活用]——完成句子業(yè)余繪畫成為她生活中的一大特色。Paintinginhersparetime__________________．答案：featureslargelyinherlifeSomeadverts，liketheenvironmentalprotectionadvertisementbelow，appealtoourconscienceorourdesiretobeworthycitizens.有些廣告，像下面的環(huán)境保護廣告，就符合我們的良知，或者說迎合了我們想成為有價值的公民的愿望。①Dannyisagoodplayerandworthyofaplaceinhisteam.丹尼是個不錯的隊員，作為這個球隊的球員之一是當之無愧的。②Hisbehaviorisworthyofgreatpraise.他的行為應該受到高度贊揚。[自我探究]worthy是形容詞，意為值得的；beworthyof意為名副其實的；值得……的。eq\a\vs4\al()worthy “值得的，可敬的”，可以作前置定語， 也可以作表語aworthyman 高尚的人，身價高貴的人liveaworthylife 過高尚的生活③Howdareyoutalktoaworthygentlemanlikethat?你真放肆，怎么敢這樣跟可敬的先生說話呢？單詞意義區(qū)別worthy“值得的”，當“可敬的”講時，worth與worthwhile沒有此意義。在用法上也不同，beworthyofbeingdone“值得做某事”；beworthyof＋n.(除了錢以外的名詞都可以)“值得……”；beworthytodosth.“值得做某事”worth“值得，值”，其用法是：beworth＋n.(錢或相當于錢的名詞)“值……錢”；beworthdoingsth.“值得做某事”worthwhile“值得的”，用法為：beworthwhiletodosth.＝beworthwhiledoingsth.“值得做某事”④Thematterisworthyofconsideration.＝Thematterisworthconsidering.＝Thematterisworthyofbeingconsidered這件事值得考慮。⑤Thebookisworthreading.＝Thebookisworthyofbeingread.＝Thebookisworthwhiletoread/reading.這本書值得一讀。worth，worthy，worthwhile都用well修飾，表示“非常值得……”，不用very或其他副詞修飾。Aswellasworryingabouttheexpense，advertisersmustalsoconsiderwhichmediaaremostappropriatefortheirproductandwhichtheirtargetaudienceismostlikelytoseeorhear.正如擔心費用一樣，廣告客戶還必須考慮哪種媒體最適合他們的產品，并且他們的目標群體最愿意收看或收聽哪種媒體。①It’ssaidthatinallthecollegestudentsareeducatedatthepublicexpenseinthatcountry.據說，在那個國家，所有的大學生都接受公費教育。②Howmuchdoyouneedforschoolexpenses?你需要多少學費？[自我探究]expense是名詞，意為費用；代價。eq\a\vs4\al()atsomeone’sexpense 由某人付錢atone’sownexpense 自費atthepublicexpense 公費attheexpenseof 由……付費；在損害……的情況下sparenoexpense 不計代價；努力去做③Hehadhisbookprintedathisownexpense.他自己花錢印書。④Hefinishedthejobattheexpenseofhishealth.他犧牲健康去完成工作。⑤Thehostsparednoexpensetomakethepartyasuccess.主人不惜代價使宴會成功。[巧學活用]——完成句子由公司出錢我們吃了一頓飯。Weweretakenoutforameal____________________________．答案：atthepany’sexpenseHowever，itwouldbenouseadvertisingproductsonradioiftheadreliesonvisualeffects.可是，如果一則廣告依靠視覺效果，那么它在收音機里播出就毫無意義。①Werelyonourownhands.我們靠自己的雙手。②Canthisropebereliedon?這根繩子牢靠嗎？[自我探究]relyon是動詞短語，意為依賴；依靠；指望。eq\a\vs4\al()relyon＝dependon 依賴；依靠relyonsb.todosth. 指望某人做某事relyonitthat 可以放心……③Ifweexpectpeopletogiveupthehabitofdriving，wemustgivethemanalternativetheycanrelyon.如果我們希望人們放棄開車的習慣，我們必須給他們一個可以依靠的交通方式。④Theoldmanreliedonhissontotellthetruth，butherealizedhewaswrongatlast.老人指望兒子告訴他實情，但最后他意識到他錯了。⑤Youmayrelyonitthathewilletomeetyou.你放心好了，他會來見你的。[巧學活用]——完成句子George是一個可以信賴的男孩子。Georgeisaboywhocan________________．答案：bereliedonWithsomanymessagesfromadvertisersfillingourdailylives，itisimportanttounderstandhowadvertisementswork.我們日常生活中充滿了眾多的廣告信息，可見了解廣告如何發(fā)揮作用是很重要的事情。①Withsomanyclothestowash，Ican’tgooutwithyou.還有那么多衣服需要洗，我不能和你一起出去。②Hestoodthere，withhishandstiedbehind.他的手反綁在后面，站在那里。[自我探究]以上兩個句子中都由with復合結構“with＋n./pron.＋不定式/分詞”等組成。eq\a\vs4\al()with復合結構也叫“獨立主格結構”，是由介詞with＋名詞或代詞＋形容詞、分詞、副詞、不定式、介詞短語等組成，此結構在句中常作狀語，表示主句或主語所處的狀態(tài)，或表示事情發(fā)生的時間、原因等。③Witheverythingdone，theyleftworkforhome.所有事情都做完了，他們就下班回家了。④Withsomanyproblemstodealwith，hehadtoworkovertime.因為有很多問題需要處理，他只好加班工作。⑤Themanlayinbed，withhiseyesopen.那個人睜著眼睛躺在床上。with結構有時還可以修飾名詞作后置定語。⑥Shecametoabrookwithwillowtreesonbothsides.她來到一條兩岸長著柳樹的小溪邊。[巧學活用]——完成句子還有大量的問題需要回答，他正在度過一個艱難的時期。Withagreatnumberofquestions______________，heishavingahardtime.答案：toanswerTelevisionadvertsareexpensivetomakeandtoshow.電視廣告的制作和播放是昂貴的。①Itiseasytosaythantodo.說起來容易做起來難。[自我探究]本句是主語＋系動詞＋形容詞＋不定式結構，其中句子的主語與句末的不定式是邏輯上的動賓關系。eq\a\vs4\al()在這個句式結構中常用的形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，fortable，unfortable，fit，unfit等，其中句子的主語與后面的不定式之間是動賓關系，但是不定式要用主動形式，如果此處的動詞是不及物動詞，其后要加介詞。②Thewaterispollutedanditisnotfittodrink.水已經被污染，不宜飲用。③Doyoustillthinktheproblemdifficulttodealwith？你仍然覺得這個問題難以解決嗎？④TheyallconsiderMr.Whiteeasytogetalongwith.他們都認為懷特先生很容易相處。⑤Suchahouseisfortabletolivein.這樣一所房子住起來很舒服。[巧學活用]——完成句子目前的形勢對政府來說要控制是非常困難的。Thesituationpresentisverydifficultforthegovernment________________．答案：tocontrol課時作業(yè)13eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．Wechatted____________(casual)andtastedthetastyfood.Altogetheritwasagreatevening.答案：casually2．Atthemeeting，theproposal____________(generate)alotofinterest.答案：hasgenerated3．Literature，classicliterature，isabeautiful，richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyhoursofrestand____________(refresh)．答案：refreshment4．I’llkeepyou____________(inform)．答案：informed5．—Ifwetakeaplane，we’llofcoursehavearrivedinParisbythenextweekend.—Don’tbesosure.Weshouldallow____________theweatherfactor.答案：for6．Hehashadnoresponse____________myletter.答案：to7．Goodsinthatstorearequite____________(expense)，soIcan’taffordanythingthere.答案：expensive8．Manystudentsbelievethechoiceoftheircoursesanduniversitiesshould____________(basis)ontheirowninterest.答案：bebased9．Hewillachievehis____________(ambitious)towinninegoldmedalsintheOlympicGames.答案：ambition10．Inthechildren’smindstheSpringFestivalisalways____________(association)withfireworksandluckymoney.答案：associatedeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)閱讀理解Forsomestudents，especiallythosefrompoorfamilies，takingajobisnotamatterofchoice，butnecessity.Theyneedtoworktosaveforcollege，oreventosupplementfamilyine.Counselorsshouldhelpstudentswhohavearealneedtoworkimprovetimemanagementskillsandseekemploymentthathelpstheireducationalgoals.“Collegecostsarehigh，andyoungadultsalsowanttheamenities(便利設施)thatextramoneybrings，”accordingtoJohnB．Boshoven，counselorforcontinuingeducationatmunityHighSchoolinMichigan.However，hewarns，“Schoolismystudents’full-timejob.”Studiesshowthatstudentswhoworkaremoreconfidentandpossessbettertimemanagementskillsthanstudentswhoarenotemployed.Inadditiontoofferingapaycheck，someindependenceandsatisfaction，apart-timejobcanprovideteenagerswithbothtrainingandexperience.Workingteachesstudentsaboutresponsibilityandcanalsoreinforce(充實)whattheyarelearninginschool.“Collegeswanttofindcandidateswhodemonstratematurity，responsibility，independence，andinitiative，andgoodworkerscertainlydemonstratethoseimportantcharactertraits，”Boshovensays.“Employerscanwriteexcellentremendationlettersforthestudentswhohaveworkedforthem.”O(jiān)ntheotherhand，expertsagreethatstudentswhoworkmorethan15to20hoursperweekoftenexperiencelessenedschoolsuccess，whichcanleadtodroppingoutentirely.Workinglonghourscanalsolimitopportunitiestobuildfriendshipsandexploreintereststhatenhanceateenager’sintellectualandemotionaldevelopment.Themajorpointthatstudentsshouldkeepinmindistheimportanceofbalance.DanCrabtree，CollegeandCareerCounseloratWheatonAcademyinIllinois，explains，“Wewantourstudentstoestablishahealthybalanceinlifeandworktomaintainitthroughouttheirlives.”Ifworkingwillinterferewithpletingschoolwork，participatinginextracurricularactivities，spendingtimewithfamilyandfriends，orgettingenoughrest，itmaynotbeawisedecision.【解題導語】本文主要討論了對學生做兼職的看法。學生做兼職既有利也有弊，關鍵在于要做到保持工作、學習和生活之間的平衡。1．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toshowhowstudentscanfindapart-timejob.B．Toexplainwhatisapart-timejob.C．Tostresstheimportanceofstudents’part-timework.D．Todiscusstheissueofstudents’part-timework.D解析：寫作意圖題。通讀全文可知，本文主要討論了學生做兼職的利弊，因此應選D。2．InBoshoven’sopinion，students________．a．shouldn’tdependontheirfamiliesfinanciallyb．shouldtaketheirstudiesasthefirstpriorityc．canbenefitfrompart-timeworkd．canformhealthyhabitsintheirlivesA．bc B．bdC．ab D．acA解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段最后一句中的“Schoolismystudents’full-timejob.”以及第三段中Boshoven的話可知，Boshoven認為學生應以學業(yè)為重，學生能從兼職工作中獲益。3．Accordingtothepassage，weknowthat________．A．withoutcounselors’help，fewstudentscangetemployedB．teenagersshowstronginterestinpart-timeworkC．toomuchpart-timeworkcanleadtobadacademicperformanceD．expertsencouragestudentstodomorepart-timeworkC解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數第二段第一句中的“expertsagreethatstudentswhoworkmorethan15to20hoursperweekoftenexperiencelessenedschoolsuccess”可知，占用太多時間做兼職會影響學生的學習成績。4．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A．Part-timeworkisimportantformoststudentsatcollege.B．Studentsshouldbalancepart-timeworkwellwithotherthings.C．Experts’adviceisthekeytofindingagoodpart-timejob.D．Allinall，studentshadbetternotspendtimeonpart-timework.B解析：推理判斷題。根據最后一段的內容可知，學生應保持兼職與其他方面之間的平衡。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)完形填空Iwasinarushasalways,butthistimeitwasforanimportantdate(約會).Ifound__1__atacheckoutcounterbehindanelderlywomanseeminglyinnohurryasshe__2__hergroceries.APhDstudentwithnotalotofmoney,Ihadhurriedintothestoretopickupsome__3__.Iwasinahugerush,thinkingofmyupingevening.Ididnotwanttobe__4__forthisdate.WewereinBoston,aplacenotalwaysknownforsmallconversationsbetween__5__.However,thewomanstoppedunloadingherbasketandlookedupatme.She__6__.Itwasanicesmile—warmandreassuring—andI__7__hergiftbysmilingback.“Mustbeaspeciallady__8__itisthatwillbegiventhosebeautifulflowers，”shesaid.“Yes,she’sspecial，”Isaid,andthentomyembarrassment,the__9__keptingout.“It’sonlyourseconddate,butsomehowIamjusthavingthefeelingshe’s‘theone’．”__10__，Iadded,“TheonlyproblemisthatIcan’tfigureout__11__she’dwanttodateaguylikeme.”“Well,Ithinkshe’svery__12__tohaveaboyfriendwhobringshersuchlovelyflowersandwhoisobviouslyinlovewithher，”thewomansaid.“Myhusbandusedtobringmeflowerseveryweek—evenwhentimeswere__13__andwedidn’thavemuchmoney.Thosewereextremelygooddays;hewasveryromanticand,ofcourse,I__14__himsincehepassedaway.”Ipaidformyflowersasshewas__15__uphergroceries.Therewasno__16__inmymindasIwalkeduptoher.Itouchedherontheshoulderandsaid“Youwereright,youknow.Theseflowersareindeedforaveryspeciallady.”I__17__hertheflowersandthankedherforsuchaniceconversation.IttookheramomenttorealizethatIwasgivinghertheflowersIhadjustpurchased.“Youhavea__18__evening，”Isaid.Ileftherwithabigsmileandmyheart__19__asIsawhersmellingthebeautifulflowers.Irememberbeingslightlylateformydatethatnightandtellingmygirlfriendtheabovestory.Acoupleofyearslater，whenIfinallyworkedupthe__20__toaskhertomarryme，shetoldmethatthisstoryhadhelpedhertobedetermined—thatwasthenightthatIwonherheart.【解題導語】本文講述了作者在約會之前在商店買花時遇到一位老婦人，最后把所買的花送給她的故事。1．A.me B．myself C．her D．herselfB解析：findoneself意為“發(fā)現某人自己(處于某狀態(tài))”。在結賬的時候，“我”發(fā)現自己的前面站了一位老婦人。2．A.askedfor B．sentfor C．lookedfor D．paidforD解析：根據上文的“checkoutcounter”可知，老婦人在付款。3．A.food B．drinks C．flowers D．plantsC解析：根據第三段的“itisthatwillbegiventhosebeautifulflowers”可知，“我”匆忙進商店是為了買花。4．A.late B．early C．good D．badA解析：根據前文的“Iwasinahugerush”可知，“我”不想約會遲到。5．A.neighbors B．sellers C．wives D．strangersD解析：“我”不認識這位老婦人，而在Boston，一般陌生人之間也不會交談。6．A.smiled B．shouted C．laughed D．criedA解析：根據后文中的“Itwasanicesmile”可知，她對“我”微笑了。7．A.received B．returned C．refused D．forgotB解析：根據后文中的“bysmilingback”可知，“我”也回了她一個微笑。8．A.whatever B．whenever C．whichever D．whoeverD解析：老婦人說“不管是誰，收到花的一定是一位特別的女孩兒”，whoever表示“無論是誰”。9．A.chances B．hopes C．words D．tearsC解析：根據后文中的內容可知，“我”說了其他內容。words是指“我”說的話。10．A.Jokingly B．Sadly C．Helpfully D．CarefullyA解析：根據后文的內容“我不知道她為什么會和我談戀愛”可推知，“我”是在開玩笑。11．A.where B．when C．that D．whyD解析：參見上題解析。12．A.sad B．lucky C．easy D．freeB解析：老婦人認為“我”很體貼，有“我”當男朋友，女孩兒很幸運。13．A.proper B．rich C．tough D．niceC解析：結合后文中的“wedidn’thavemuchmoney”可知，此處指在日子