第一部分專題八定語從句英語內(nèi)容索引基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本高頻考點(diǎn)?探究突破新題演練?能力遷移基礎(chǔ)自診?夯基固本詞匯復(fù)習(xí)8(根據(jù)漢語提示填入以d開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以d開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。)【情景】Noonecandenythefactthatwiththe1._____________(發(fā)展)oftheeconomyinthepastdecades,thestandardofpeople’slifehasbeenincreasingrapidly,duringwhichtimethegovernmenthasmadewise2.__________(決定)andtakeneffectivemeasurestostopthequalityofairandwaterfromdeclining,andgoodlandfrombeingdamaged/destroyed,thusmakingsurepeople’shealthlevelisn’tdropped.Thedaysaregonewhenpeoplewhotookexerciseatdawndidn’tdaretogooutwithoutadefense,development

decisionsandtheynolongerfeelit3.________________(危險)totheirhealth,noristheirfeelingofhappiness4.________________(減少).Infact,everyindividualcanmakeadifferenceinimprovingourlivingconditions,soitisdemanded/desiredthateveryoneshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheenvironmentwithout5._______________(耽擱).

dangerousdecreasingdelay譯文

沒有人會否認(rèn)這一事實(shí):在過去的幾十年里,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人們的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在迅速地提高,在這期間,政府做出了英明的決策,采取了有效的措施阻止空氣和水的質(zhì)量下降,以及優(yōu)質(zhì)土壤的破壞,從而確保了人民的健康水平不下降。人們不戴防護(hù)都不敢出去晨練的日子一去不復(fù)返了,他們不再覺得這對他們的健康有危險,他們的幸福感也沒有減少。實(shí)際上,在改善生活狀況方面每個人都能發(fā)揮作用,所以要求大家立即采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境。語言表達(dá)要流暢,定語從句來幫忙;引導(dǎo)詞語確定好,前后關(guān)系最重要。1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.

2.(2022·全國乙卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,________________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.

that解析:考查關(guān)系代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為定語從句,修飾species;從句中缺少主語,且先行詞前面有all修飾。故用that。

who解析:考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處為非限制性定語從句。先行詞是Cao

Shengkang,關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中做主語,所以填who。3.(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot_________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

4.(2020·天津卷改編)Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

where解析:考查定語從句。先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞spot,并且從句中不缺主語、賓語,故填關(guān)系副詞where。whose解析:考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,

secretary

resigned

two

weeks

ago為定語從句,其引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做定語,可譯為“……的”,代替Dr.Rowan’s,故填whose。

5.(2019·江蘇卷改編)Wehaveenteredintoanage_____________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.

6.(2019·天津卷改編)Theirchildisatthestage_______________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.

when解析:考查定語從句。句意:我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到一個夢想最有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的時代。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,只缺少狀語,根據(jù)先行詞age可知,此處用when引導(dǎo)定語從句。where解析:考查定語從句。句意:他們的孩子處在一個只會說個別詞語而不能說完整句子的階段。先行詞是stage,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語,所以填where。

7.(2018·江蘇卷改編)Self-drivingisanareain_____________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.

which解析:考查定語從句。句意:自動駕駛是一個中國和世界其他國家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。先行詞為area,關(guān)系詞在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語,由于前面有介詞in,故用which。8.(2018·全國Ⅱ卷改編)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram_____________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.

that/which解析:考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)定語從句,且在從句中做主語,修飾先行詞a

soil-testing

program,故填that或which。9.(2016·浙江卷改編)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________________hasbeenproved.

which解析:考查定語從句。前后兩句之間用“,”隔開,說明后一句為非限制性定語從句,且先行詞theories表示物,故用which。高頻考點(diǎn)?探究突破一、基本情況

類別關(guān)系詞功能關(guān)系代詞that指人或物which指物或代指整個主句as指人或物或代指整個主句who指人whom指人(不可做主語)whose表所屬關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞when表時間where表地點(diǎn)或有地點(diǎn)含義的抽象名詞why表原因二、考點(diǎn)(一)定語從句通常用that引導(dǎo)的情況:1.當(dāng)先行詞被最高級修飾時。ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最有趣的一本書。2.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。ThesecondcountrythatIexpecttovisitisGreek.我想去參觀的第二個國家是希臘。3.當(dāng)先行詞是all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,something等不定代詞時。Hedidn’trefertoanythingthathadhappenedtohimtheseyearsinhisletter.在信中他沒有提及這些年發(fā)生在他身上的任何事情。4.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠?5.當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,theright,justthe,thesame等修飾時。Hewastheonlypersonthatwontheprize.他是唯一一個獲獎的人。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我要買的那本詞典。6.在以which,who,whom引起的問句中,為避免重復(fù),常用that。①Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?站在那邊的那個人是誰?②WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?最適合我的T恤衫是哪一件?7.在therebe句型中。Therearefewbooksinthelibrarythatarehelpfulformyexperiment.圖書館里很少有對我的實(shí)驗有幫助的書。(二)定語從句通常用which引導(dǎo)的情況:1.關(guān)系代詞指物,做介詞的賓語。Chinahas56nationalities,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristics,formingthevariousandcolorfulChineseculture.中國有56個民族,每個民族都有自己的特點(diǎn),它們形成了豐富多彩的中國

文化。2.關(guān)系代詞指前面的整個句子,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他考試不及格,這使他父親很生氣。(三)whose和ofwhom,ofwhich引導(dǎo)的定語從句

項目用法和功能在從句中的格式whose表示所屬關(guān)系(在從句中做定語)whose+名詞ofwhom表示所屬關(guān)系(whose指人時的替代形式)the+名詞+ofwhom或ofwhom+the+名詞ofwhich表示所屬關(guān)系(whose指物時的替代形式)the+名詞+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名詞Thisisthescientistwhose

nameisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistthe

name

of

whomisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistof

whom

the

nameisknownalloverthecountry.這就是那位全國知名的科學(xué)家。Theclassroom,whose

doorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,the

door

of

whichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,of

which

the

doorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.門破了的那間教室很快就會被維修。(四)關(guān)系代詞as的應(yīng)用范圍1.as和which一樣可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指整個主句內(nèi)容(as通常譯為“正如”),且在定語從句中都可以做主語或賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):①as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearth.=Themoontravelsroundtheearth,as/whichisknowntoeverybody.眾所周知,月亮圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)。②as代表前面的整個主句并在從句中做主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為實(shí)義動詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,aswasmorethanwecouldexpect.天氣變得非常好了,這超出了我們的預(yù)料。Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.昨天雨下得很大,這使我沒能去公園。2.當(dāng)先行詞被thesame,such修飾時,定語從句需用as引導(dǎo)。Iboughtthesamebookasyouhave.我買了一本跟你的一樣的書。Thisissuchaneasymathproblemaseveryonecanworkout.(比較:Thisissuchaneasymathproblemthateveryonecanworkitout.)這是一道如此簡單的數(shù)學(xué)題,每個人都能解決。注意

當(dāng)先行詞被thesame修飾時,that也可引導(dǎo)定語從句,但意義有所不同。thesame...as(指同樣或同類的),thesame...that(指同一個)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.這支鋼筆與我丟的那支一樣。ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.這就是我丟的那支鋼筆。(五)定語從句關(guān)系詞的判斷方法1.方法一:觀察從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語,就要求必須用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞;而及物動詞后接賓語,則要求用關(guān)系代詞。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.=Thisisthemountainvillage(which/that)Ivisitedlastyear.這是我去年待過的山村。I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.=I’llneverforgetthedays(which/that)Ispentwithyou.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記和你在一起工作過的日子。2.方法二:判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主語、定語、賓語時,選擇關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行詞在從句中做狀語時,選擇關(guān)系副詞(where地點(diǎn)狀語,when時間狀語,why原因狀語)。Thismuseumistheonethatyouvisitedafewdaysago.

這座博物館是你前幾天參觀的那個。Thisisthemuseumwhere/inwhichtheexhibitionwasheld.

這是在舉辦展覽的那座博物館。(六)“介詞+關(guān)系詞”中介詞的確定1.根據(jù)后面動詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。Thisisnotthebookofwhichtheteacherspokeinclass.(speakof意為“談及”,相當(dāng)于talkof)這不是老師在課堂上談及的那本書。ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.(be/feelproudof為固定短語,意為“以……自豪”。)他們感到自豪的兩樣?xùn)|西分別是吉姆的金表和德拉的頭發(fā)。2.根據(jù)前面的名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.(表示具體的某一天,用介詞on)我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我第一次見到他的那一天。Theboypointedtothedirectioninwhichhewouldrun.(“朝……方向”,用介詞in)那個男孩指著他要跑去的方向。Hecametoafarm,onwhichhefinallysettled.(“在農(nóng)場上”,用介詞on)他來到了一個農(nóng)場,并在那里最終定居了下來。(七)定語從句的幾個特別之處1.“介詞+where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。有時我們可以見到“介詞+where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,此時要和“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseenothingbutablankwall.他站在窗邊,從那里除了一面白墻外他什么也看不到。(fromwhere=fromatthewindow,而不是fromthewindow)Hewasthrownintoacastlefromwhichnoonecouldescape.他被扔進(jìn)了一座城堡中,沒人能從那兒逃走。(fromwhich=fromthecastle)2.分隔式定語從句。定語從句有時不直接緊靠著先行詞,中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。Theonlybridgeacrosstheriverfelldownintheflood,whichhadbeentherefordecades.那座在河上存在了數(shù)十年的唯一一座橋在洪水中垮塌了。3.抽象地點(diǎn)類先行詞后的定語從句。先行詞為stage,situation,point,case等詞且關(guān)系詞在從句中做狀語,這時用where引導(dǎo)定語從句;occasion之后用when或where引導(dǎo)定語從句;theway(表示“方式”)后的定語從句用“that/inwhich/省去關(guān)系詞”三種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。Inthepastfiveyears,therehavebeenfewoccasionswhenthewholefamilycangettogether.在過去的五年中,很少有全家能聚在一起的時候。Idon’tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayhelaughedatme.我不喜歡他用那種方式來嘲笑我。4.what,whatever,whoever,whomever等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,有時可轉(zhuǎn)換為“先行詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句。Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.=Anyonewhospitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.任何在公共場合吐痰的人在這兒都將受到懲罰。Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirchildtothebestuniversity.=Theparentswilluseallthattheyhavetosendtheirchildtothebestuniversity.這對父母將會傾其所有送他們的孩子去上最好的大學(xué)。新題演練?能力遷移一、用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1.(2020·廣西北海高三一模)Thereare22,000studentsatOxfordintotal,around40%of________________areinternationalstudents.

2.(2020·北京海淀高三二模)Walkingtogether,wehadalotofconversationsthrough_______________Ilearnedmanyvaluablelessons.

3.Pleasesendusalltheinformation_____________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.

4.(2022·廣西南寧二模)Shaanxikuaiban,________________candatebacktothelateQingDynasty,hasbeenincluded.

5.Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,_____________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.

whomwhichthatwhichwhen6.(2021·廣西桂林、崇左、賀州高三三模)Themoneywenttomorethan10,000projects_____________didnotcoverprivatelyownedculturalitems.

7.(2020·北京朝陽高三二模)AmancalledAndysetoutforthePacificCrestTrail,________________stretchesfromtheborderofMexicotoCanada.

8.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_____________liveswereaffected.

9.(2022·山東青島二模)Findinganapproach________________matchesyourinterestsandneedsisthekey.

10._____________isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.

which/that

which

whosewhich/that

As二、單句改錯1.Chinaisdevelopinganext-generationspacecraftforhumanspaceflight,thatwouldallowastronautstotraveltothemoonandotherdeep-spacedestinations.2.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseeninthepastfewyears.3.Thisisthereasonthatheisleavinginsuchahurry.that→which

which→that

that→why4.(2022·廣西四市高中畢業(yè)班4月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Nowadays,moreandmorepeopledovoluntarywork,thatisasignofsocialprogress.5.IhavegotintoadifficultsituationwhenImustmakeaquickdecisionallbymyself.that→whichwhen→where6.It’sthesamepersonaswehavebeenlookingforinthepastfewdays.7.Learningstrategies,towhatteachershavebeenattachinggreatimportancehavenotdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.as→thatwhat→which三、語篇填空(2022·江蘇鹽城、南京高三一模)FortravelerswhousedtothinkthatChinesefarmersliveinpoorconditions,theruraltourscanbequiteaneyeopener.1.____________(travel)toJiangsu’sruralvillages,manyofwhichlooklikebeautifulpostcardscenes,mightbetotallydifferentfrom2.________________youhaveimagined.Aruraltourtotheprovincemightallowtravelerstohaveaglanceattheirdailylivesaswellasthe3.________________(develop)ofChina’sruralareasinrecentyears.

Travel(l)ing

whatdevelopmentLongshangvillageis4.________(locate)atthefootofYouziMountaininNanjing’sGaochundistrict.Itusedtohaveruinedhouses,5.____