北京2021高考D篇閱讀分析與解析講義

一篇文章的難或易取決于其所要傳達(dá)的事物，現(xiàn)象，主旨或思想的鮮見和顯見。好的文

章始終是深奧難懂且發(fā)人深省，我們需要一遍又一遍地咀嚼和回味，隨作者的筆觸而起伏跌

宕并從不同的角度生發(fā)更高層次的認(rèn)識。本文便如此。

Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhat

timewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhe

theorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Today's

state-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvanced

physicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattirneis,becausetheanswerdependsonthe

questionyou'reasking.

從St.Augustine到AlbertEinstein,作者旨在說明whattimeisdependsonthe

z沒有了慣常的開門見山的打法，大家要緊隨作者的拳路。

questionyoureaskingo

Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute.Whatifzinsteadofconsideringtimeinterms

ofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmental

conditionstosetthetempo（節(jié)奏）ofhumanlife?We/reincreasinglyawareofthe

factthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthat

weneedtomoderate（調(diào)節(jié)）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.Whatifour

definitionoftimereflectedthat?

一句Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute,反向得出Timeisn'tanabsolute。也讓讀

者生疑：wherewilltheauthorleadus?極具語言張力的三個whatif連珠炮似的甩出，

既呼應(yīng)上文whattimeisdependsonthequestionyou'reasking又表達(dá)了自己的

definitionoftime。也即,hisdefinitionoftimeisrelatedtoecologyandreflectsthat

weneedtomoderate（調(diào)節(jié)）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance。

Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedto

circumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobal

warming.We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthe

totalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobal

environmentalchanges.We/veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthe

waterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefuture

onaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,you'llsee

theoppositeeffect.

作者的三個問題只是籠統(tǒng)地表達(dá)自己關(guān)于時間定義，可謂猶抱琵琶半遮面，而全文的制高點

則在于第三和第四自然段?！癮newapproachtotimekeeping”既承接上文，更讓我們

頓覺峰回路轉(zhuǎn)。諸位，讓我們迎接這孔雀開屏的盛狀吧。

任何空洞的口號或雞湯終覺膚淺。身體力行，更準(zhǔn)確地說標(biāo)新立異的身體力行則更能發(fā)人深

省。

先有構(gòu)思，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedto

circumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobal

warming。再有身體力彳亍的實踐，We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseum

thatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitiveto

localandglobalenvironmentalchangeso從基于我們星球的由于全球變暖的狀況的特殊

計時方法，再到正在建立于theAnchorageMuseum的反應(yīng)阿拉斯加幾條主要河流的總流

量的鐘表，作者真可謂別出心裁。

阿拉斯加是全球氣候變化敏感之地，取決于冰川凍結(jié)和融化的河中水流的干枯豐盈是這種敏

感反應(yīng)的外在顯現(xiàn)。

讀至U止匕，各位，我們是不是已經(jīng)picturesomeimagesaboutthewriter'snewapproach

totimekeepingandhisclock?

依據(jù)環(huán)境變化的計時構(gòu)思和鐘表已明確，接下來便是依據(jù)何種原理來操作。

作者娓娓道來。河道流淌的當(dāng)前速度是設(shè)定該鐘表和原子鐘表也即標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間同步的條件。因

此得出，在將來，如果流速變快，則河道鐘表的計時快于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時間，反之亦然。

你是否從作者的表述中嗅出此舉的用意？別急，此時的屏只是半展開狀態(tài)。

Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriver

dynamics.It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfrom

theirowntemporalframe（時間框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonour

smartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewill

liveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationto

atomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteract

itbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.

如此抽象的時間定義必須用濃墨重彩加以詳述。此鐘表既記錄河流短期的不規(guī)律流淌又記錄

河流長期的動力趨勢。這不就是類似的觀測站嗎。用于展示河流自身的時間框架下的一舉一

動。而所有的變化皆可在智能手表和手機上顯示。如同每天的走步數(shù)字顯示在手機上，提醒

我們運動燃燒calorie從而帶來健康。此鐘表的用意何嘗不是如此呢。它時刻提醒我們will

liveinharmonywiththeplanet,andconsumelessfuelorsupportgreenerpolicies,

至此，色彩斑斕的大屏已經(jīng)全部打開。在作者的倡導(dǎo)之下，it'stimeforyouandmetod。

somethingtokeepbalancewithourplanet。

Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagricultural

societiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,for

instance,people"corrected"officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardor

backwardtoreflectthechangeofseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironment

wasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe're

developingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.

打出去的拳頭縮回來再打出去才更有力度。此處的novel算是呼應(yīng)上文的newoEarly

agriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena中的also指明古人

早有此類實踐。Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival,

古人尚知時間和環(huán)境的關(guān)聯(lián)對于生存的重要性，更何況今人呢。作者最終千呼萬喚出自己的

旨意：rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemswe'redevelopingmayencourage

environmentalawarenesso旨在喚起各位的環(huán)境意識。

WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneof

time'smostnoticeablequalities:Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefined

context.Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose.

再長的旅程終有停下來的時候。文章也如此。前呼后應(yīng)是多數(shù)議論文和說明文常用的方式。

馮老師在上一篇文章當(dāng)中稱之為“合攏”。St.Augustine'sinabilitytodefinetime

得出Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext,時間只在特定的情境下方有

意義。Anytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose一

句更是作者對自己理念和身體力行所創(chuàng)造的鐘表的肯定。

31.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.

B.Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.

C.Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.

D.Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.

32.TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagra