華大新高考聯(lián)盟2024屆高三11月教學(xué)質(zhì)量測(cè)評(píng)英語本試卷共四部分，共12頁。滿分150分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘?！镒？荚図樌镒⒁馐马?xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthewoman?A.Acook.B.Awaitress.C.Amanager.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Tobuythephone.B.Tochangethephone.C.Tocheckthephone.3.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeonSunday?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.4.Whatwillthemando?A.Buyacup.B.PhoneJack.C.Drawdragons.5.Howmuchdoestheschoolbagcostnow?A$20.B.$32.C.$40.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Atabusstation.B.Atarailwaystation.C.Ataairport.7.Whichtraindoesthemandecidetotake?A.Theoneat9:50.B.Theoneat10:00.C.Theoneat10:10.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howdoesthegirllikethefirstfilm?A.Inspiring.B.Thrilling.C.Dull.9.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.LoversB.Classmates.C.Colleagues.10.Whatfilmwilltheysee?A.Theschoolfilm.B.Theghostfilm.C.Theromanticfilm.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whattrulycausedthemantobelate?A.Havingarunning.B.Missingthefirstbus.C.Makingbreakfastforhimself.12.Whotookawaytheman’sraincoat?A.Alice.B.Bob.C.Frances.13.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Tosendoutsomeletters.BTowritesomearticles.C.Toexaminetheadvertisement.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whereistheboygoing?A.Tohisclassroom.B.Tohishome.C.TotheEnglishClub.15.Whydotheboy’sclassmateslaughathim?A.Becausehespeaksfast.B.Becausehestudieshard.C.Becausehispronunciationispoor.16Whowillgivethelecture?A.TheEnglishteacher.B.PrincipalMaria.C.ProfessorJohn.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whowillyousendayellowroseto?A.Thegoddessoflove.B.Yourtruelove.C.Yourbestfriend.18Whatwouldyousayaboutabrotherwithdisadvantages?A.Everyrosehasitsthorns.B.Heisablood-causingneedle.C.Hesleepsinabedofroses.19.Whoisathorninyourside?A.Afriendwhobothersyou.B.Anenemywhobeatsyou.C.Apersonwhogivesyoumoney.20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A.DifferentRoses.B.Somesayings.C.Rosesandpeople.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATraveltheglobewithoutleavinghome—withthissetoftheworld’sfivemostpopularpuresilvercoins.Eachofthesecoinsisrecognizedforitsbreathtakingbeauty,andforitsstabilityeveninunstabletimes,sinceeachcoinisbackedbyitsgovernmentforweight,purityandlegaltender(法定貨幣)value.2023AmericanSilverEagle:TheSilverEagleisthemostpopularcoinintheworld,withitsiconicAdolphWeinmanWalkingLibertyononesideandEmilyDamstra’sEagleontheotherside.Struckin99.9%finesilverattheU.S.Mint(鑄幣廠).2023CanadaMapleLeaf:Ahighlysought-afterpuresilvercoinsince1988,this2023issueincludesthefirstandlikelyonlyuseofatransitionalportraitofthelateQueenElizabethⅡ.ThesearealsoexpectedtobethelastMapleLeafstobearHerMajesty’spicture.Struckin99.99%finesilverattheRoyalCanadianMint.2023SouthAfricanKrugerrand:TheKrugerrandcontinuestobethebestknown,mostrespectedsilvercoinbrandintheworld.2023istheSilverKrugerrand’s6thyearofissue.Struckin99.9%finesilverattheSouthAfricanMint.2023ChinaSilverPanda:2023isthe40thanniversaryofthefirstsilverPandacoin.ChinaPandasarenotedfortheirheart-warmingone-year-onlydesigns.Struckin99.9%finesilverattheChinaMint.2023BritishSilverBritannia:OneoftheRoyalMint’sflagshipcoins,this2023issueisthefirstintheSilverBritanniaseriestocarrytheportraitofKingCharlesⅢ,followingthepassingofQueenElizabethⅡ.Struckin99.9%finesilver.Thesecoins,withquitewonderfulfinishesanddetaileddesignsthatspeaktotheircountryoforigin,aresuretoholdatreasuredplaceinyourcollection.Plus,theyprovideyouwithauniquewaytostockuponprecioussilver.Here’salegacyyouandyourfamilywillcherish.Actnow!You’llsavebothtimeandmoneyonthisworldcoinsetwithfreeshippingandabonuspresentationcase,plusanewandinformativeSilverPassport!2023WorldSilver5-CoinSetRegularPrice$229—Now$199(SAVE$30.00)&FREESHIPPINGForfastestservicecalltoday1-808-201-7070.1.How’s2023CanadaMapleLeafdifferentfromothers?A.Higherpurity. B.Highestpopularity.C.Moreportraits. D.Mostissued.2.InwhichyearwasthefirstsilverPandacoinissued?A.1982. B.1983. C.1984. D.1985.3.Whichofthefollowingis2023BritishSilverBritannia?A. B.C. D.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文主要介紹世界上最流行的五種純銀硬幣。可以讓人們足不出戶，環(huán)游世界?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)2023AmericanSilverEagle中的介紹“Struckin99.9%finesilverattheU.S.Mint(鑄幣廠).(在美國造幣廠用99.9%純銀鑄造)”以及2023SouthAfricanKrugerrand中的介紹“99.9%finesilverattheSouthAfricanMint.(99.9%純銀在南非造幣廠)”以及根據(jù)2023ChinaSilverPanda中“Struckin99.9%finesilverattheChinaMint.(中國造幣廠99.9%純銀鑄造。)”以及根據(jù)2023BritishSilverBritannia中“Struckin99.9%finesilver.(用99.9%純銀鑄造)”和根據(jù)2023CanadaMapleLeaf中的介紹“Struckin99.99%finesilverattheRoyalCanadianMint.(以99.99%純銀在加拿大皇家造幣廠鑄造。)”可知，2023CanadaMapleLeaf的不同之處為在于以99.99%純銀在加拿大皇家造幣廠鑄造。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2023ChinaSilverPanda中“2023isthe40thanniversaryofthefirstsilverPandacoin.(2023年是第一枚熊貓銀幣發(fā)行40周年。)”可知，發(fā)行第一枚熊貓銀幣的年份為2023-40=1983。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2023BritishSilverBritannia中的介紹“OneoftheRoyalMint’sflagshipcoins,this2023issueisthefirstintheSilverBritanniaseriestocarrytheportraitofKingCharlesⅢ,followingthepassingofQueenElizabethⅡ.Struckin99.9%finesilver.(作為英國皇家造幣廠的旗艦硬幣之一，這款2023年發(fā)行的硬幣是繼伊麗莎白女王去世Ⅱ之后，第一個(gè)印有查爾斯國王Ⅲ肖像的銀質(zhì)不列顛尼亞系列硬幣。用99.9%純銀鑄造)”可知，這款2023年發(fā)行的硬幣印有查爾斯國王Ⅲ的肖像。故選B。BAnine-year-oldboyhassetanew5kmparkrunworldrecordforhisagegroup.LouisRobinett,amemberofthePooleRunnersjuniorathleticsclub,shaved13secondsoffthepreviousworldrecord,whichwassetinCaliforniain2017,afterhecrossedthelinein17minutesand40seconds.Louis,whobroketherecordatthePooleparkruninDorsetonSaturday,said,“I’montopoftheworldrightnow.It’sahugedealtobreakaworldrecord.Icouldn’thavedoneitwithoutthesupportofmyfamilyandtheteamatPooleRunners.”LouiswasaccompaniedontheparkrunbyDionGarner,amemberofhisathleticsclub,asallunder-11sinthe5kmeventmustrunwithinarm’slengthofanadult.GarnersaidofLouis’sachievement,“Hisnaturaltalent,combinedwithhisdedicationandspirit,ismind-blowing.Helovesthesportsandhasreallypracticedalot.”AspokesmanforPooleRunnerssaid,“Withhisnewworldrecord,Louishasraisedthebarforyoungathleteseverywhere.Thisisn’tjustawinforLouis,it’sanewbenchmark(標(biāo)準(zhǔn))foryouthsports,inspiringchildrenallovertheworldtoaimhigher.”Parkrunwasstartedby13friendsasaweeklyeventinBushyPark,southwestLondon,in2004.By2015morethan80,000peopleweregatheringinparksaroundtheworldeachSaturdaytoparticipateinaparkrun.Onlythreeyearslateraboutaquarterofamillionpeopleweretakingpartinparkrunseachweek,in1,500eventsspreadacross20countries.Incomparison,48,000runnerstookpartintheLondonMarathonthisyear.4.Whatistheprevious5kmparkrunworldrecord?A.17minutesand27seconds. B.17minutesand23seconds.C.17minutesand40seconds. D.17minutesand53seconds.5.HowwasLouisafterbreakingtheworldrecord?A.Surprisedandthankful. B.Modestandsatisfied.C.Gratefulandproud. D.Thrilledandshocked.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dedication”inParagraph3mean?A.Effort. B.Persistence. C.Determination. D.Strength.7.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph4?A.Parkrunisancientbutincreasinglypopular. B.Standardsareneededtomakeparkrunformal.C.Parkrunoriginatesfrompals’runduringtheweek. D.Over20countriesarecompetingtohostaparkrun.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要說明了一名9歲的男孩在他的年齡組中創(chuàng)造了一項(xiàng)新的5公里公園跑世界紀(jì)錄。描述了他打破紀(jì)錄之后的感受以及這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的相關(guān)信息。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“LouisRobinett,amemberofthePooleRunnersjuniorathleticsclub,shaved13secondsoffthepreviousworldrecord,whichwassetinCaliforniain2017,afterhecrossedthelinein17minutesand40seconds.(普爾跑者青少年田徑俱樂部的成員路易斯·羅比內(nèi)特以17分40秒的成績(jī)沖過終點(diǎn)線，將2017年在加州創(chuàng)下的世界紀(jì)錄縮短了13秒)”可知，之前的5公里公園跑世界紀(jì)錄是17分40秒+13秒=17分53秒。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Louis,whobroketherecordatthePooleparkruninDorsetonSaturday,said,“I’montopoftheworldrightnow.It’sahugedealtobreakaworldrecord.Icouldn’thavedoneitwithoutthesupportofmyfamilyandtheteamatPooleRunners.”(周六，路易斯在多塞特郡的普爾公園賽跑中打破了紀(jì)錄，他說：“我現(xiàn)在站在世界之巔。打破世界紀(jì)錄是件大事。如果沒有我的家人和普爾跑步隊(duì)的支持，我不可能做到這一點(diǎn)?！?”可推知，路易斯打破世界紀(jì)錄后感覺感激和自豪。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Helovesthesportsandhasreallypracticedalot.(他熱愛這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，并且練習(xí)了很多)”可知，路易斯為這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)付出了很多努力，練習(xí)了很多。故劃線詞意思是“努力”。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Parkrunwasstartedby13friendsasaweeklyeventinBushyPark,southwestLondon,in2004.（2004年，13個(gè)朋友在倫敦西南部的布什公園發(fā)起了每周一次的Parkrun活動(dòng))”可知，Parkrun來源于朋友們?cè)谝恢軆?nèi)的跑步。故選C。CThoughtreescannotspeakverbally,EvanLuchkow,a32-year-oldCanadianfilmmaker,madeancientteatreestheprotagonists(主角)inhislatestfilm,TheTreeListens,allowingthemto“tell”theirstoryaboutinteractingwiththelocalsinChashuVillage,SouthwestChina’sChongqing.WhentheCanadiansteppedintothevillage,surpriseskeptcoming.Theluxuriantlocalteatreesaresotallthatpeopleneedladderstopicktheirleaves.Theharmoniouscoexistenceofpeopleandnatureinthevillagealsostruckhim.“InCanada,thepreservationofnaturesometimeskeepspeopleseparatedfromit.Onourwayintothisvillage,Isawlotsofhousescradledbythesemountains,whichwastrulysurprising,saysLuchkow,addingthattheviewwasjustlikeapostcard.Soonhewasabletosetthetoneforthefilming,whichdepictsasilentdialoguebetweentreesandpeople.Forthousandsofyears,fromgenerationtogeneration,theteatreeshavebeenreceivingpeople’scareandprotection.“Ithinkifthetreescouldspeak,theymightwanttodelivertheirgratitudetothevillagers.That’swhatItriedtoexpressviathefilm,”saysthedirector.Intheprocessofdocumentingtheteavillage’shistory,Luchkowfoundthatthewell-knownCanadiancoffeebrandTimHortonshadextendeditsfootprinttoChongqing.WuKe,oneofthemanyyounglocalswhochoosetostayintheirhometowntomaketea,findshimselfgraduallyfallinlovewithcoffeetoo.WhilelocalChinesetaketocoffeenowadays,Luchkow’sfriendsbackinCanadaenjoyChineseteaalot.“Thecommunicationbetweenteaandcoffeeisliketheexchangesbetweenpeople,”hesays.8.WhatsurprisedLuchkowfirstwhenenteringChashuVillage?A.Chineseteatree. B.Nicelocals. C.Beautifulview. D.Strangenature.9.WhatisthecontentofTheTreeListens?A.Ancientteatrees.B.StrikinglegendsaboutChinesetea.C.Finerelationshipbetweenteatreesandlocals.D.HarmoniouscoexistencebetweenChinesepeopleandnature.10.What’sLuchkow’spurposeofmakingthefilm?A.TotellthelifestoriesofChashuvillagers.B.Tocallonpeopletoliveharmoniouslywithnature.C.ToreporthowChinesepeopleworkhardtobecomerich.D.Toconveytheancientteatrees’gratitudetovillagers.11.Whatmaybetalkedaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Morelocalpeoplestayedtomaketea.B.Chinesepeoplebegintofallinlovewithcoffee.C.CanadiansareincreasinglyinlovewithChinesetea.D.MorecommunicationhappensbetweenChineseandCanadians.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了加拿大制片人走進(jìn)中國茶樹村去拍攝一部以茶樹為主題的電影，來歌頌茶樹與當(dāng)?shù)厝酥g的緊密聯(lián)系?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句“WhentheCanadiansteppedintothevillage,surpriseskeptcoming.Theluxuriantlocalteatreesaresotallthatpeopleneedladderstopicktheirleaves.(當(dāng)這位加拿大人走進(jìn)村子的時(shí)候，驚喜不斷地出現(xiàn)。當(dāng)?shù)赜粲羰[蔥的茶樹非常高大，人們需要梯子才能摘到它們的葉子)”可知，當(dāng)Luchkow進(jìn)入村子，首先使他驚訝的是茶樹的高大青蔥。故選A項(xiàng)。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句“Soonhewasabletosetthetoneforthefilming,whichdepictsasilentdialoguebetweentreesandpeople.Forthousandsofyears,fromgenerationtogeneration,theteatreeshavebeenreceivingpeople’scareandprotection.(很快，他就為影片定下了基調(diào)，影片描繪了樹與人之間的無聲對(duì)話。幾千年來，代代相傳，茶樹一直受到人們的關(guān)愛和保護(hù))”可知，這部電影想描述茶樹與當(dāng)?shù)厝酥g的密切聯(lián)系。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句““Ithinkifthetreescouldspeak,theymightwanttodelivertheirgratitudetothevillagers.That’swhatItriedtoexpressviathefilm,”saysthedirector.(“我想，如果樹木會(huì)說話，它們可能會(huì)向村民們表達(dá)感激之情。這就是我想通過這部電影表達(dá)的東西，”導(dǎo)演說)”可知，Luchkow想通過這部電影傳達(dá)茶樹對(duì)村民的感激之情。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后兩句“WhilelocalChinesetaketocoffeenowadays,Luchkow’sfriendsbackinCanadaenjoyChineseteaalot.“Thecommunicationbetweenteaandcoffeeisliketheexchangesbetweenpeople,”hesays.(如今，當(dāng)?shù)氐闹袊讼矚g喝咖啡，而他在加拿大的朋友卻非常喜歡中國茶。“茶和咖啡之間的交流就像人與人之間的交流，”他說)”可知，作者將茶在加拿大受歡迎的情況與咖啡在中國受歡迎的情況與人與人之間的交流作類比，接下來會(huì)著重描寫中國人和加拿大人之間的交流。故選D項(xiàng)。DSupermassiveblackholesallovertheuniversearemerging(合并),afatethatwilleventuallycomefortheblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxy(銀河系).Thesemagicuniversalstructuresattheheartofnearlyeverygalaxyconsumelightandmatterandareimpossibletoseewithtraditionaltelescopes.Butnow,forthefirsttime,astrophysicistshavegatheredknowledgedirectlyfromthesehugeuniversalstructures,intheformofgravitationalwavesthatmovearoundthroughspaceandtime.Essentialtothesefindingsisthedetectionofcomplicatedgravitationalwavesandunderstandinghowtheyareproduced.Anyobjectwithmassthatismovingcausesthesewaves—invisiblebendingintimeandspacethatwerefirsttheorizedbyAlbertEinsteinin1916butnotdetecteduntilroughly100yearslater.In2015,scientistsusedtheground-basedLaserInterferometerGravitationalWaveObservatorytodetecthowshort,high-frequencygravitationalwavesfromonemergerbetweenlessmassiveblackholesmovearoundtheEarthbylessthanthewidthofasinglesubatomicparticle(亞原子微粒).Thefindingshelpconfirmwhatwillonedayhappentothesupermassiveblackholeatourgalaxy’scenterknownasSagittariusA,asitcrashesintotheblackholeattheheartoftheAndromedagalaxy.“TheMilkyWaygalaxyisonacrashcoursewiththeAndromedagalaxy,andinabout4.5billionyears,thetwogalaxiesaresettomerge,saidJosephSimon,amemberofNanograv.Thatmerger,hesaid,willeventuallyresultintheblackholeatthecenterofAndromedaandSagittariusAsinkingintothecenterofthenewlycombinedgalaxy.“Beforenow,wedidn’tevenknowifsupermassiveblackholesmerged,andnowwehaveevidencethathundredsofthousandsofthemaremerging,saidChiaraMingarelli,anothermemberofNanograv.Ifscientistsunderstandmoreaboutthehistoryofthemergingsupermassiveblackholes,itcouldhelpknowhowtheyforminthefirstplace,saidMashaBaryakhtar,aphysicistwhowasn’tinvolvedintheresearch.12.Whatstoppedscientistsfromstudyingblackholes?A.Blackholesweretoofaraway.B.Therewerenowaystoobservethem.C.Blackholesweretoosupermassive.D.Peopledidnotcaretoknowthemmore.13.WhatisthemaintopicofParagraph2?A.Thecausesofblackholes’merging.B.Theknowledgeofgravitationalwaves.C.Thefunctionofgravitationalwaves.D.Twobreakthroughsonblackholestudy.14.WhatmaysupporttheevidencementionedbyChiara?A.Theactualdetectionofgravitationalwaves.B.Blackholesconsuminglightandmatter.C.Objectsmovingwithmasscausegravitationalwaves.D.ThemergingofAndromedaandSagittariusA.15.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.BlackHoleinOurGalaxyIsonCrashCourseB.GravitationalWavesWereFirstDetectedC.TheEndofUniverseGoestoBlackHolesD.BlackHolesMergetoFormNewWorlds【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述的銀河系中心的黑洞正在合并。這些神奇的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)幾乎存在于每個(gè)星系的中心，它們消耗光和物質(zhì)，用傳統(tǒng)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡是不可能看到的。但現(xiàn)在，天體物理學(xué)家第一次直接從這些巨大的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)中收集到知識(shí)，這些結(jié)構(gòu)以引力波的形式在空間和時(shí)間中傳播?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thesemagicuniversalstructuresattheheartofnearlyeverygalaxyconsumelightandmatterandareimpossibletoseewithtraditionaltelescopes.(這些神奇的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)幾乎位于每個(gè)星系的中心，它們消耗光和物質(zhì)，用傳統(tǒng)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡是不可能看到的)”可知，用傳統(tǒng)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡是不可能看到黑洞，因此阻止了科學(xué)家研究黑洞。故選B?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Anyobjectwithmassthatismovingcausesthesewaves—invisiblebendingintimeandspacethatwerefirsttheorizedbyAlbertEinsteinin1916butnotdetecteduntilroughly100yearslater.In2015,scientistsusedtheground-basedLaserInterferometerGravitationalWaveObservatorytodetecthowshort,high-frequencygravitationalwavesfromonemergerbetweenlessmassiveblackholesmovearoundtheEarthbylessthanthewidthofasinglesubatomicparticle(任何質(zhì)量移動(dòng)的物體都會(huì)引起這些波——時(shí)間和空間上看不見的彎曲，這是由愛因斯坦在1916年提出的，但直到大約100年后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。2015年，科學(xué)家們利用地面激光干涉引力波天文臺(tái)探測(cè)質(zhì)量較小黑洞合并產(chǎn)生的短高頻引力波在地球上的移動(dòng)幅度小于單個(gè)亞原子粒子的寬度。)”可知，本段主要講解黑洞研究的兩個(gè)突破。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Butnow,forthefirsttime,astrophysicistshavegatheredknowledgedirectlyfromthesehugeuniversalstructures,intheformofgravitationalwavesthatmovearoundthroughspaceandtime.(但現(xiàn)在，天體物理學(xué)家第一次直接從這些巨大的宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)中收集知識(shí)，以引力波的形式在空間和時(shí)間中移動(dòng)。)”第二段“Essentialtothesefindingsisthedetectionofcomplicatedgravitationalwaves,andunderstandinghowtheyareproduced.

(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵是探測(cè)復(fù)雜的引力波，并了解它們是如何產(chǎn)生的。)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“Beforenow,wedidn’tevenknowifsupermassiveblackholesmerged,andnowwehaveevidencethathundredsofthousandsofthemaremerging,saidChiaraMingarelli(在此之前，我們甚至不知道超大質(zhì)量黑洞是否合并，而現(xiàn)在我們有證據(jù)表明，成千上萬的黑洞正在合并，ChiaraMingarelli說)”可知，這里的證據(jù)是指引力波的發(fā)現(xiàn)，A項(xiàng)：Theactualdetectionofgravitationalwaves.(引力波的實(shí)際探測(cè))符合Chiara的觀點(diǎn)。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Supermassiveblackholesallovertheuniversearemerging(合并),afatethatwilleventuallycomefortheblackholeatthecenterofourgalaxy(銀河系).(宇宙中所有的超大質(zhì)量黑洞都在合并，我們銀河系中心的黑洞最終也會(huì)面臨這樣的命運(yùn)。)”可知，文章主要講述的是銀河系中心的黑洞正在合并，A項(xiàng)：BlackHoleinOurGalaxyIsonCrashCourse(我們銀河系的黑洞正在上“速成班”)合乎題意。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。GettingsunburnedfromtheUltravioletrays(UV，紫外線),nomatterwhatyourageis,isariskfactorforskincancer.____16____.Andwhileusingsunscreen(防曬霜)wheneveryou’respendingtimeinthesuniskeyamongsunsafetystrategies,othermeasuresmatter,too.Herearetipsfromthesunsafetyexpertsonhowtokeepyourskinburn-freeandhealthy.UsesunscreenOnlyabout19percentofoldermenand32percentofolderwomenreportregularlyusingsunscreen,accordingtoa2019study.Buteveryoneshouldapplyittoexposedskinwheneverthey’llbeoutside,evenoncloudydays.Whilethebestsunscreenisonethatyou’llusecontinually,ourtestinghasfoundthatsomeproductsperformbetterthanothers,evenifthey’rebothmarkedwiththesameSPF.MemberscanfindourfullratingsatCR.org/sunscreen.____17____.AttendtotrickyspotsDon’tforgetyourears,thetopsofyourfeet,thebacksofyourhands,andthebackofyourneck.____18____Putsunscreenon15minutesbeforeyougooutside.Besuretoapplyenough—trytouse1teaspoonforeachexposedbodypart.Reapplyevery2hoursandafterswimmingorsweating.Doubleyourprotection____19____.Soifyou’reoutforawhile,coverupwithlightweightlongsleevesandpants.Youcanskipsunscreenonthosecoveredareas.Andawide-brimmed(寬邊的)hatisalwaysagoodideatoprotectyourforeheadandface.GettherightsunglassesYoumightfinditchallengingtoapplysunscreenveryclosetoyoureyes,butthesespotsarelikelytobeburned,too.____20____.Wearingsunglassescanhelp.Chooseapairlabeledwith“UVabsorptionupto400nm”orastatementthattheglassesblock100percentofUVAandUVBrays.A.ApplyitcorrectlyB.ApplyitthoroughlyC.Nosunscreenperfectlyblocksthesun’sraysD.Plus,UVrayscandamagethetenderpartsofyoureyesE.YoucanenjoythosebrightsummerdayswithoutgettingburnedF.Protectingyourselffromthesun’sUVraysshouldbealifelonghabitG.Theexpertsrecommendabroad-range,water-resistantsunscreenofatleast30SPF【答案】16.F17.G18.A19.C20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一些在戶外避免皮膚曬傷的方法?！?6題詳解】上文“GettingsunburnedfromtheUltravioletrays,nomatterwhatyourageis,isariskfactorforskincancer.”（無論你的年齡多大，被紫外線曬傷都是患皮膚癌的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素。）說明無論年紀(jì)多大，防曬很重要。F項(xiàng)“Protectingyourselffromthesun’sUVraysshouldbealifelonghabit”（保護(hù)自己免受太陽紫外線的傷害應(yīng)該是一個(gè)終生的習(xí)慣）照應(yīng)前文，說明防曬無關(guān)年齡，“alifelonghabit”照應(yīng)前文“nomatterwhatyourageis”，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選F項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】上文“Whilethebestsunscreenisonethatyou’llusecontinually,ourtestinghasfoundthatsomeproductsperformbetterthanothers,evenifthey’rebothmarkedwiththesameSPF.MemberscanfindourfullratingsatCR.org/sunscreen.”（雖然最好的防曬霜是你可以持續(xù)使用的，但我們的測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)，有些產(chǎn)品的效果比其他產(chǎn)品更好，即使它們都標(biāo)有相同的SPF值。會(huì)員可以在CR.org/防曬霜上找到我們的完整評(píng)分）說明了不同防曬霜的效果不一樣，G項(xiàng)“Theexpertsrecommendabroad-range,water-resistantsunscreenofatleast30SPF”（專家建議使用防曬系數(shù)至少為30的大范圍防水防曬霜）銜接上文，給出專家對(duì)于防曬霜選擇的最低要求，銜接恰當(dāng)。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】空處為本段小標(biāo)題。下文“Putsunscreenon15minutesbeforeyougooutside.Besuretoapplyenough—trytouse1teaspoonforeachexposedbodypart.Reapplyevery2hoursandafterswimmingorsweating.”（出門前15分鐘涂上防曬霜。一定要用足夠的量——盡量在每個(gè)暴露的身體部位用一茶匙。游泳或出汗后每2小時(shí)補(bǔ)涂一次）說明了要正確使用防曬霜，包括涂抹時(shí)間，用量等。A項(xiàng)“Applyitcorrectly”（正確使用）可以概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“Soifyou’reoutforawhile,coverupwithlightweightlongsleevesandpants.”（所以，如果你要出去一段時(shí)間，穿輕便的長袖和褲子）說明外出時(shí)，要穿防曬的衣物，C項(xiàng)“Nosunscreenperfectlyblocksthesun’srays”（沒有防曬霜能完全阻擋陽光）說明僅靠防曬霜是不夠的，引出下文“所以外出還要穿防曬衣物”，與下文構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“Youmightfinditchallengingtoapplysunscreenveryclosetoyoureyes,butthesespotsarelikelytobeburned,too.”（你可能會(huì)覺得在靠近眼睛的地方涂防曬霜很困難，但這些地方也可能被曬傷）說明眼睛周圍也容易曬傷，D項(xiàng)“Plus,UVrayscandamagethetenderpartsofyoureyes”（另外，紫外線會(huì)損害眼睛的脆弱部位）銜接上文，說明不僅眼睛周圍容易曬傷，而且紫外線會(huì)損傷眼睛的脆弱部位，引出下文解決辦法“Wearingsunglassescanhelp.”（戴墨鏡會(huì)有所幫助）銜接恰當(dāng)。故選D項(xiàng)。第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Blackisn’tadoctorbutamusictherapist(心理治療師).Backin2019,thenursingteamaskedifshecouldreachouttoa____21____whoseemedtobestrugglingandwasunwillingto____22____thestafforbepartofanyactivities.“Theytoldme,‘He’sbad-____23____,andwewonderifyoumighthavea(n)____24____.”So,ona____25____afternoon,Blackapproachedthepatient’sroomand____26____herself.Sheaskedifshecould____27____,andofferedtoplaysomemusic.”Ifyoudon’tlikeit,youcan____28____metoleave,shesaid.Aftersomegentle____29____,the70-year-oldmantoldherafewclassicalcomposershe_____30_____andthenturnedawayatthebarebranches_____31_____.Butasshestartedtoplayoneofhisfavorites,Bach,themanturnedbackandstartedtocry.Black_____32_____themusic.“Doyouwantmetocontinue?”sheasked.“Absolutely,”hesaidthrough_____33_____.“Hesharedwithmeafterwardthathehadbeen_____34_____somuchandhadbeenunabletotalkaboutanything,butthe_____35_____showeduplikeahug,”recallsBlack.Anyonewhohasfeltthatjoywhena(n)_____36_____songcomesontheradioatjusttherightmomentor_____37_____alongwithasingerexpressingheartachewill_____38_____theemotionaltouchofmusic.Now,agrowingbodyofscientific_____39_____demonstratesthatmusiccanbe_____40_____too.21.A.doctor B.nurse C.patient D.musician22.A.arguewith B.engagewith C.comealongwith D.putupwith23.A.tempered B.disappointed C.depressed D.bored24.A.interest B.passion C.answer D.solution25.A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter26.A.lost B.enjoyed C.introduced D.devoted27.A.sing B.sit C.talk D.begin28.A.order B.acquire C.ask D.beg29.A.dances B.pushes C.songs D.dialogues30.A.knew B.hated C.liked D.trusted31.A.outside B.upside C.nearby D.downstairs32.A.lowered B.stopped C.enjoyed D.interrupted33.A.tears B.laughter C.relaxation D.emotion34.A.holdingin B.fittingin C.comingabout D.stayingup35.A.hope B.laughter C.talking D.music36.A.sad B.favorite C.familiar D.exciting37.A.jumped B.sang C.danced D.wept38.A.sense B.refuse C.come D.reach39.A.progress B.experiments C.technology D.process40.A.light B.cure C.expectation D.machine【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.D26.C27.B28.C29.B30.C31.A32.B33.A34.A35.D36.D37.D38.A39.B40.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了心理治療師布萊克通過音樂治愈心靈受到創(chuàng)傷的病人，說明了音樂具有強(qiáng)大的治愈功能。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：早在2019年，護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)就問她是否能去看一位似乎在掙扎、不愿與工作人員接觸或參與任何活動(dòng)的病人。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.nurse護(hù)士；C.patient病人；D.musician音樂家。根據(jù)后文“Blackapproachedthepatient’sroom”可知，護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)請(qǐng)求她去看一位病人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：早在2019年，護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)就問她是否能去看一位似乎在掙扎、不愿與工作人員接觸或參與任何活動(dòng)的病人。A.arguewith與……爭(zhēng)論；B.engagewith與……建立關(guān)系；C.comealongwith與……一起；D.putupwith容忍。根據(jù)后文“thestafforbepartofanyactivities”可知，這位病人抵觸護(hù)理人員和任何活動(dòng)，不想?yún)⑴c其中。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對(duì)我說：“他脾氣不好，我們想知道你是否有解決辦法。”A.tempered脾氣……的；B.disappointed失望的；C.depressed沮喪的；D.bored無聊的。根據(jù)前文“whoseemedtobestrugglingandwasunwillingto____2____thestafforbepartofanyactivities”及“bad”可推知，該病人不配合工作，脾氣不好。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對(duì)我說：“他脾氣不好，我們想知道你是否有解決辦法?！盇.interest興趣；B.passion激情；C.answer回答；D.solution解決辦法。根據(jù)前文“whoseemedtobestrugglingandwasunwillingto____2____thestafforbepartofanyactivities”可知，針對(duì)這位拒不配合的病人，護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)想知道布萊克是否有辦法治療該病人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：于是，在一個(gè)冬天的下午，布萊克走近病人的房間，做了自我介紹。A.spring春天；B.summer夏天；C.autumn秋天；D.winter冬天。根據(jù)下文“thenturnedawayatthebarebranches”可知，樹枝光禿禿的，正值冬天。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：于是，在一個(gè)冬天的下午，布萊克走近病人的房間，做了自我介紹。A.lost丟失；B.enjoyed喜歡；C.introduced介紹；D.devoted奉獻(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文“Blackapproachedthepatient’sroom”可知，布萊克進(jìn)入病人房間，要先介紹自己。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她問她是否可以坐下，并提出要演奏一些音樂。A.sing唱歌；B.sit坐下；C.talk談話；D.begin開始。根據(jù)前文“Blackapproachedthepatient’sroom”及后文“offeredtoplaysomemusic”可知，布萊克想征得病人的同意，坐下為他演奏一些音樂。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你不喜歡，你可以讓我離開。A.order命令；B.acquire獲得；C.ask要求；D.beg乞求。根據(jù)前文“Ifyoudon’tlikeit”可知，布萊克告訴這位病人，如果他不喜歡演奏的音樂，可以隨時(shí)讓布萊克離開。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾句溫和的勸導(dǎo)之后，這位70歲的老人告訴了她幾位他喜歡的古典作曲家，然后轉(zhuǎn)身看著外面光禿禿的樹枝。A.dances舞蹈；B.pushes努力爭(zhēng)取，力勸；C.songs歌曲；D.dialogues對(duì)話。根據(jù)后文“the70-year-oldmantoldherafewclassicalcomposers”可知，經(jīng)過布萊克的力勸，老人告訴布萊克幾位他喜歡的古典作曲家。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾句溫和的勸導(dǎo)之后，這位70歲的老人告訴了她幾位他喜歡的古典作曲家，然后轉(zhuǎn)身看著外面光禿禿的樹枝。A.knew知道；B.hated討厭；C.liked喜歡；D.trusted相信。根據(jù)后文“shestartedtopl