外研版高一年級(必修4)Module3whenwemeetyourfriends,weshouldshakehandswiththeminrespect.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Gobacktothevillagewhereyoucome.IfItellyouthetruth,youneedkeepcool.Iamstilhere,forIwanthearyourexplanationbyyourself.Althoughhegrowsupanadult,heisstillnaughtlikealittleboy.Sheissobeautifulthateveryoneisattracted.Grammar1

Adverbialclauseofcondition

AdverbialClauses狀語從句在句中起狀語的作用，狀語從句可分為時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等等。一、條件狀語從句1.最常用的連詞是if,由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.Shewillappearinnotimeifyouneedherfavour.Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.2.when引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句相當(dāng)于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句.Whenthereisnogravity,ourfeetcannolongerstayontheground.如果沒有重力,我們的腳就不能夠在地面上站穩(wěn)。Turnofftheswitchwhenanythinggoeswrongwiththemachine.如果機(jī)器發(fā)生故障,就把電閘關(guān)上。FinishActivity3onpage24.3、unless,表示在特定條件下,才決定做或不做一件事。在英語中我,們可以用unless（除非，否則）表達(dá)這個意思,相當(dāng)于ifnot。=theconcertwillbeheldasscheduleifthereisnotatyphoonb.Unlessyouwanttoseeme,Iwillkeepfarawayfromyou.=Ifyoudon'twanttoseeme,Iwillkeepfarawayfromyou.a.Theconcertwillbeheldasscheduleunlessthereisatyphoon.Shewillkeeponsingingunlesssheistoldtostop.=shewillkeeponsingingifsheisnottoldtostop.youwillbelateforschoolunlessyougetuphalfanhourearlier.=youwillbelateforschoolifyoudon'tgetuphalfanhourearlier.

practice:4.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：suppose(倘使，倘若），aslongas,solongas（只要就)a.Supposeyouareascientist,whatwillyoudotodowiththesituation?b.Aslongasyouputyourmindinstudying,youwillmakeadifference.c.Suppose

itrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?d.Solongasyoupromisetocome,I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucome.注意：在條件狀語從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)1.

Ifyou____acake,yourhost______verypleased.(take,be)2.

Unlesstheweather____better,I_______athome.(get,stay)3.

He_______homeearlyifhe__________well.(go,notfeel)takewillbegetswillstaywillgodoesn’tfeelIfIseeherI’llinvitehertotheparty.(see,invite)Exercises4.

What____I__ifthey____aboutpolitics?(do,talk)5.

Ifyou_____yourhand,thetaxi_________.(raise,stop)6.I__________anythingunlesshe____me.(notsay,ask)raisewillstopwillnotsayasksshalldotalkGrammar2Adverbialclauseofconcessionthough,although表示“雖然,縱然”之意。這兩個連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都不能與but連用。

Though/Althoughhewaswornout,(still)hekeptonworking.

Though/Althoughheisveryold,(yet)heisquitestrong.

although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.Althoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard,shepassedtheexamination.Attention:⑵as,though表示“雖然……但是”，“縱使……”之意。as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn)，被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形，though也可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中，但although不可以這樣用。例如：Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.=Though/Althoughyoumayobject,I’llgo.Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.=Although/Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Fastas/though

youread,youcan’tfinishthebooksosoon.=Though/Althoughyoureadfast,youcan’tfinishthebooksosoon.(3)evenif,eventhough

表示“即使……”,“縱使……”之意。這兩個復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同它們?？苫Q使用。

We’llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.Evenif

heispoor,sheloveshim.Heseemedyouthfuleventhoughhewasanoldman.(4)whether...or...表示“不論是否……”,“不管是……還是……”之意。由這一個復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。You’llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou’refreeorbusy.

Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.

a.Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.b.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.

c.Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwillfollowyou.=Whereveryougo,Iwillfollowyou.

(5)“nomatter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的含義為“……都……;不管……都……”它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。

Nomatterwhenyoucome,Iwilbefree.=Wheneveryoucome,Iwillbefree.Nomatterhowdifficultitis,Ineedtoworkoutit.=However

difficultitis,Ineedtoworkoutit.Nomatterwhichyouchoose,itwillbefityouwell.=Whicheveryouchoose,itwillbefityouwell.(6)此外,有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但一般要位于句首。WhileIlikethecolour,Idon’tliketheshape.Whileyoudoes'tagreewithme,Iwillstill

supportmyownidear.

1.

_________Ifeellonely,Ithinkaboutyou.2.________heis,heisveryrudetome.3._________Igo,Ialwaysmeetinterestingpeople.4.

Youcaninvite_______youliketotheparty.WheneverWhoeverWhereverwhoeverCompletethesentenceswithwhoever,wherever,wheneverorhowever.5.________lateyouarrive,I’llcomeandmeet.6.Ifeelshy________shesayshellotome.7.

Ihearthatsong_________Iswitchontheradio.8.________muchIstudy,Ifindtheseexercisesdifficult.Howeverwhenever

whenever

HoweverThankyou(2)as,though表示“雖然……但是”,“縱使……”之意。

as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形,though間或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.(=Though/Althoughyoumayobject,I’llgo.)縱使你反對,我也要去。Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.(=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.)盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.(=Thoughhewasachild,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.)雖然他是一個孩子,但他知道該做什么。Fastasyouread,youcan’tfinishthebooksosoon.縱然你讀得快,你也不能這么快讀完這本書。(2)evenif,eventhough表示“即使……”,“縱使……”之意。這兩個復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同它們常可互換使用,但意義有細(xì)微差別。evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,而eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),是以從句內(nèi)容為先決條件的,也就是說,說話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。

不管你是誰,你都要遵紀(jì)守法。但“nomatter+疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,Iwon’tbelieveyou.(Whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么,我都不會相信你。I’lleatwhatever(≠nomatterwhat)yougiveme.(whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我吃什么,我