PPTcoursewareforEnglishallusiontranslation目錄CONTENTSOverviewofEnglishallocationsTheprinciplesandtechniquesoftranslatingEnglishallocationsTranslationofcommonEnglishallocationsPracticeandcaseanalysisoftranslatingEnglishallocations目錄CONTENTSThechallengesandfuturedevelopmentoftranslatingEnglishallocations01OverviewofEnglishallocationsVSAnallocationisareferencetoaperson,place,event,orideathatisnotdirectlystatedbutinferredfromcontextItisafigureofspeechusedtoaccommodateadditionalmeansoraspecificassociationCharacteristicsEnglishallocationsareconsistent,culturallyspecific,andoftenrequirebackgroundknowledgeforcomprehensionTheyareusedtoadddepthandlifetocommunication,butcanalsoposechallengesforcrossculturalunderstandingDefinitionDefinitionandcharacteristicsLiteraryallocationsTheseallocationsarereferencestofanworksofliterature,suchasbooks,plays,orpointsForexample,"thelion'sden"isareferencetotheBible'sstoryofDanielinthelion'sdenHistoricalallocationsTheseallocationsarereferencestoimportanteventsorfiguresinhistoryForinstance,"theAlliedforces"isareferencetothecountiesthatcameratogetherduringWorldWarIItofitagainstNaziGermanyMythologicalallocationsTheseallocationsarereferencestomythsorlegends,bothfromambientGreeceorRomeForexample,"thehydra"isareferencetoamythicalbeatwithmultipleheadsthatwouldgrowbackifcutoffClassificationofEnglishallocationsManyEnglishallocationscomefromAmericanGreekandRomanliterature,suchasHome'sOdysseyorVirgil'sAeneidTheseworkshaveprofoundlyinfluencedthewayEnglishisexpressed.TheworksofGeoffreyChaucer,WilliamShakespeare,andotherwritersoftheMiddleAgesalsocontributednumericalallocationstotheEnglishlanguageTheseincludereferencestocharactersoreventsfromtheseworksthathavesinceenteredcommonusageWiththedevelopmentofpopularculture,suchasmovies,TVshows,andmusic,moremodernallowanceshaveemergedTheseincludereferencestomorepeople,events,orcatchphrasesfrompopularmediathathavebecomepartofeverydaylanguageClassicalliteratureMedicalliteratureModerncultureThesourcesofEnglishallocations02TheprinciplesandtechniquesoftranslatingEnglishallocationsItistotranslateEnglishallocationsliterally,withoutchangingtheoriginalwordsormeaningsThismethodemphasizestheaccuracyofthetranslation,butmaylosesomeculturalannotationsLiteraltranslationItisamoreflexibletranslationmethodthatfocusesonconveyingtheoriginalmeaningandstyleItmaysacrificesomeliteraryaccuracytoachieveabetterexpressioneffectFreetranslationLiteraltranslationandfreetranslationDomesticationItreferstothetranslationmethodthatadaptstheoriginaltexttothetargetlanguageandculture,makingthetexteasierforthetargetlanguagereadertounderstandandacceptForeignizationItisatranslationmethodthatemphasizespreservingtheoriginaltextandculture,allowingthetargetlanguagereadertofeeltheoriginalculturalflavorDomesticationandForeignizationSemanticequityItreferstothetranslationmethodthatfocusesontheaccurateexpressionoftheoriginaltext'smeaning,ensuringthatthetargetlanguagereadercanunderstandandacceptitCulturalequityItisatranslationmethodthatemphasizestheaccurateexpressionofculturalannotations,tryingtoconveytheoriginalculturalinformationtothetargetlanguagereaderSemanticandculturalequity03TranslationofcommonEnglishallocationsGreekandRomanmythologyarerichinadmissions,includinggods,heroes,andmonstersTheseallowancesareoftenusedinEnglishliteratureandspeech,andtheiraccuratetranslationiscriticalforcomprehensionWhentranslatingallocationsfromGreekandRomanmythology,itisimportanttounderstandtheoriginalcontextandculturalbackgroundThetranslatorshouldalsoconsiderthetargetaudienceanduseappropriatelanguagetoaccommodatetheintendedmeaningAllusionsderivedfromGreekandRomanmythologySomecommonGreekandRomanmycologyderivedassignmentsinclude"theAchilles'heel","theTrojanhorse",and"theHerculeantask"Whentranslatingtheseallocations,itisessentialtomaintaintheoriginalimageandmeaningwhileadaptingittothetargetlanguageandcultureAllusionsderivedfromGreekandRomanmythologyTheBibleisarichsourceofallowancesinEnglish,oftenusedtoaccommodatedeepermeansorillustrateapointTheseallocationsaretypicallyassociatedwithspecificstories,characters,orteachingfromtheBibleWhentranslatingBiblebasedallocations,itisessentialtohaveagoodunderstandingoftherelevantbiologicalstoriesandtheirculturalcontextThetranslatorshouldalsoconsidertherelativebeliefsofthetargetaudienceanduseappropriatelanguagethatconcernsthosebeliefsAllusionsbasedontheBibleSomecommonBibledrivenusesinclude"theforbiddenfruit","thelion'sden",and"theprodigalson"Whentranslatingtheseallocations,itisimportanttomaintaintheoriginalrelativeannotationwhileadaptingittothetargetlanguageandcultureAllusionsbasedontheBibleLiteraryworks,particularlyclassicnovels,plays,andpoetry,arearichsourceofadmissionsinEnglishTheseallocationsareoftenassociatedwithspecificcharacters,plots,orthemesfromtheworksWhentranslatingallowancesfromliteraryworks,itisessentialtohaveagoodunderstandingoftheoriginalworkanditsculturalcontextThetranslatorshouldalsoconsiderthetargetaudience'sfamilywiththesourceworkanduseappropriatelanguagetoaccommodatetheintendedmeaningAllusionsderivedfromliteraryworksSomecommonliterarywork-derivedallocationsinclude"TheScarletLetter,""TheCatcherintheRye,"and"TheGreatGatsby."Whentranslatingtheseallocations,itisimportanttomaintaintheoriginalimageandmeanwhileadaptingittothetargetlanguageandcultureAllusionsderivedfromliteraryworksHistoricaleventsprovideanothersourceofallocationsinEnglish,oftenusedtoillustratecontemporaryissuesormakecomparisonsTheseallocationsaretypicallyassociatedwithmanypeople,events,orerasfromhistoryWhentranslatinghistoricaleventbasedallocations,itisessentialtohaveagoodunderstandingoftherelevanthistoricalbackgroundThetranslatorshouldalsoconsiderthetargetaudience'sfamilywiththeeventanduseappropriatelanguagethatresonateswiththemAllusionsbasedonhistoricaleventsAllusionsbasedonhistoricaleventsSomecommonhistoricaleventdrivenadmissionsincludetheBostonTeaParty,theBattleofWaterloo,andtheGreatDepressionWhentranslatingtheseallocations,itisimportanttomaintaintheoriginalcontextwhileadaptingittothetargetlanguageandculture04PracticeandcaseanalysisoftranslatingEnglishallocationsTranslationPractice:TranslationofEnglishallocationsinanarticleMasteringEnglishmetaphortranslationskillsSummaryBytranslatingashortarticlecontainingEnglishmetaphors,studentswilllearnhowtoaccuratelyunderstandandexpressthemeaningofmetaphors,andmasterthebasicskillsandmethodsofmetaphortranslation.DetaileddescriptionSummaryImprovinglanguageapplicationabilityDetaileddescriptionThroughpracticaltranslation,studentswillimprovetheirlanguageapplicationabilities,includingvocabularyselection,sentencestructureapplication,andlanguageorganization.TranslationPractice:TranslationofEnglishallocationsinanarticleSummaryCultivatingcross-culturalawareness要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二DetaileddescriptionDuringthetranslationprocess,studentswillunderstandthedifferencesinmetaphorsindifferentculturalbackgrounds,cultivatecross-culturalawareness,andimprovetheirabilityforcross-culturalcommunication.TranslationPractice:TranslationofEnglishallocationsinanarticleSummaryMasteringthetranslationtechniquesofliterarymetaphorsDetaileddescriptionBytranslatingmetaphorsinclassicEnglishliteraryworks,studentswilllearnhowtoaccuratelyconveythemetaphoricaleffectsinliteraryworksandmastertheskillsandmethodsoftranslatingliterarymetaphors.Casestudy:TranslationofadmissionsinclassicalEnglishliteraryworksVSExpandingCulturalPerspectiveDetaileddescriptionBytranslatingmetaphorsinliteraryworks,studentswilllearnmoreaboutWesternculture,expandtheirculturalperspectives,andimprovetheircross-culturalcommunicationskills.SummaryCasestudy:TranslationofadmissionsinclassicalEnglishliteraryworksCultivatingAestheticAwarenessSummaryIntheprocessoftranslatingmetaphorsinliteraryworks,studentswillcultivateaestheticawareness,learntoappreciatetheaestheticvalueofmetaphors,andimprovetheirabilitytoappreciatelanguageart.DetaileddescriptionCasestudy:TranslationofadmissionsinclassicalEnglishliteraryworksSummaryDetaileddescriptionSummaryDetaileddescriptionSummaryDetaileddescriptionMasteringthetranslationskillsofnewsmetaphorsBytranslatingmetaphorsinnewsreports,studentswilllearnhowtoaccuratelyconveyinformationinnewsreportsandmastertheskillsandmethodsoftranslatingnewsmetaphors.ImprovingInformationTransmissionAbilityInthetranslationofnewsreports,studentswillimprovetheaccuracyandefficiencyofinformationtransmission,andmasterthecharacteristicsandrequirementsofnewslanguage.Cultivatingcross-culturalcommunicationskillsBytranslatingmetaphorsinnewsreports,studentswillunderstandthelanguagestylesandexpressionsofnewsreportsindifferentculturalbackgrounds,andcultivatetheabilityofcross-culturalcommunication.Casestudy:TranslationofEnglishallocationsinnewsreporting05ThechallengesandfuturedevelopmentoftranslatingEnglishallocationsLanguageandculturearecloselylinked,andculturaldifferencescanoftenleadtotranslationdifferencesForexample,someEnglishallocationsmayhavenodirectequivalentinanotherlanguage,makingaccuratetranslationdifficultyInaddition,culturaldifferencescanalsoleadtodifferencesinunderstandingandinterpretationofadmissions,whichmayaffecttheaccuracyoftranslationTherefore,whentranslatingEnglishallocations,itisnecessarytofullyunderstandtheculturalbackgroundandcontextofthesourcelanguage,andtrytounderstandtheoriginalmeaningandintentionasaccuratelyaspossible010203CulturaldifferencesandtranslationdiversityLanguageisconsistentlychanging,andnewwordsandphrasesareconsistentlyemergingThismakesitdifficultfortranslatorstokeepupwiththelatestlanguagetrendsandensuretranslationaccuracyInaddition,languagechangemayalsoleadtochangesinthemeaningandnotationofadmissions,whichmayaffecttheaccuracyoftranslationThe