必修一UNIT1Friendship作業(yè)Ⅰ.閱讀理解WhyArePigFarmersStillUsingGrowth-PromotingDrugs?It'soneofthemostcontroversialpracticesinagriculture:feedingsmallamountsofantibioticstoanimalsinordertomakethemgrowfaster.Butwhatifthedrugsdon'tevenworkverywell?There'ssomegoodevidencethattheydon't,atleastinpigs.Theyusedtodeliveraboostingrowth,butthateffecthasdisappearedinrecentyearsordeclinedgreatly.Thereasonforthisisinterestingandevenparadoxical.Researchersthinktheantibioticsusedtoworkbysuppressinglow-gradeinfections.Inrecentyears,however,porkproducersfoundotherwaystoaccomplishthesamethingthroughimprovedhygiene(衛(wèi)生).Asaresult,thedrugshavebecomelargelysuperfluous—yetmanyfarmersstillusethem.Tounderstandhowthishappened,youhavetostepbackintime,saysSteveDritz,aspecialistinpignutritionatKansasStateUniversity.Sixtyyearsago,whenantibioticswerenew,"peoplestartedtreatinganimals,andfeedingtheantibiotics,andfindingthattheyhadincreasedgrowthratesandfeedefficiencies,"hesays.Nursery-agepigs,forinstance,grew12to15percentfasterwithantibiotics.Theanimalsalsoneededlessfeedtoreachfullweight.Otherstudiesshowedsimilarresultsinchickensandcattle.Inthe1980s,anewsetofstudiesfoundsimilareffects.Sothegrowth-promotingeffectsofantibioticsbecamestandardpracticeamongmeatproducers.Fastforwardtothe1990s.DritzwasstartinghiscareerasascientistatKansasStateUniversity,andporkproductionwaschangingdramatically.Previously,pigswerebornandraisedinonebarnorinseveralbarnsclosetogether.Thismeantinfectionscouldeasilypassfromonegenerationtothenext,thewaythatkidssharegermsbetweentheirfriendsontheplaygroundandtheirparentsathome.Underthenewsystem,whenpigletsareweaned,theymovetoawholedifferentplace.Thatnewsiteiscarefullyscrubbedandfreeofdisease.CraigRowles,whorunsalargeswineoperationinCarroll,Lowa,showsmeonesuchroom.There'snotapigletinsight."Thisroomjustgotcompletelywashedanddisinfected,andnowit'sgoingtosithereanddryforawhile，"hesays.Awholegroupofpigswillcomeinheretogether,andlatertheywillmoveouttogethertoyetanothersite."Thatgroupofpigswillstaytogetheruntiltheygotomarket,"Rowlessays.Thegroupsarekeptstrictlyseparatedfromeachother.Ifworkersmovebetweenthegroups,theyfirsthavetochangetheirboots.Whenfarmersadoptedmultisiteproduction,itcutdownondisease—andpigsactuallygrewfaster.1．Oneoftheadvantagesofusingantibioticsinthepastisthatit________.A．helpedanimalsgrowfasterB．decreasedthedeathrateofanimalsC．helpedanimalshaveabetterappetiteD．increasedanimalreproduction2．Pigsweremoreeasilyinfectedinthepastbecause________.A．theyusedantibioticsB．theywerealwaysclosetogetherC．theywereraisedontheplaygroundD．theymovedfromonefarmtoanother3．Theunderlinedword"superfluous"mostprobablymeans________.A．a(chǎn)bused B．necessaryC．a(chǎn)vailable D．a(chǎn)ddictive4．Theauthorseems________ontheissueofdroppingantibioticsonpigs.A．optimistic B．worriedC．doubtful D．indifferent答案與解析本文就現(xiàn)在農(nóng)民仍然給豬使用抗生素一事發(fā)表科學(xué)的看法和依據(jù)。1．A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段提到It'soneofthemostcontroversialpracticesinagriculture:feedingsmallamountsofantibioticstoanimalsinordertomakethemgrowfaster.農(nóng)業(yè)上有個有爭議的方法，給豬喂抗生素來讓它長得更快，故選A項。2．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段提到Previously,pigswerebornandraisedinonebarnorinseveralbarnsclosetogether.Thismeantinfectionscouldeasilypassfromonegenerationtothenext...這些豬被養(yǎng)在一個欄或幾個欄里，這意味著很容易傳染，故選B項。3．A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段提到Inrecentyears,however,porkproducersfoundotherwaystoaccomplishthesamethingthroughimprovedhygiene(衛(wèi)生).Asaresult,thedrugshavebecomelargelysuperfluous—yetmanyfarmersstillusethem.最后這些年，養(yǎng)豬的人通過衛(wèi)生可以達到同樣的效果，結(jié)果藥物就被濫用，然而一些農(nóng)民仍然再用，故選A項。4．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段提到Whenfarmersadoptedmultisiteproduction,itcutdownondisease—andpigsactuallygrewfaster.當農(nóng)民采用多站點的生產(chǎn)方式，這會減少疾病，長得確實是更快，故作者的觀點是非常樂觀的，所以選A項。Ⅱ.七選五__1__Wearelearningfromlifeconstantly,aslongaswerecognizeandacceptthoselessons.Whenyouchoosetobeastudentoflife,youopenyourselftolimitlessopportunities.Exploretheworld.Don'tlimityourselftoyourhometownortothecityyougotyourfirstjob.__2__Itdoesn'thavetobejustonetownoroneapartmentcomplex.Backpackingmaynotbeforeveryone,butit'stheonlywayyoucanseetheworld.Travellingdoesn'tjusthavetobegoingoverseasbutalsodroppingbymanystates.Cultureexistsnotjustinacountrybuteveninsmallcommunities.Acquirenewlifeskills.Maybeit'stimethatyoufinallylearnhowtofixabrokenfaucetorevenfixthefaultylightinyourbathroom.Youcanfinallycrossoutyourbucketlistitemsthathavebeenthereforever.Learnhowtodriveacarorrideabike.Therearedefinitelythingsyoudon'tknowhowtodo,andyouhavealifetimeaheadofyoutolearn.__3__Becultured.Watchasmanymoviesandreadasmanybooksaspossible.Anditdoesn'tmeanthatyouonlywatchtheoneswithhighratingsfromcritics.Booksandmoviesarethefruitofthewriters'orthemakers'lifeexperiencesandunderstandingoftheirsurroundings.Moviesandbooksareagoodlookintohowpeopleinterprettheworld.__4__Forsomeindividuals,togrowoldermeanstokeepyourcircleoffriendsdowntoafew,butthatshouldn'tstopyoufrommeetingnewpeople.Widenyourcirclebyallowingpeopleintoyourlifeandlettingthemgettoknowyou.Wideningyourcircletopeoplefromallwalksoflifegivesyouabiggerandbetterperspectiveoftheworld.Domanyfirst's.Whenwasthelasttimeyoudidsomethingforthefirsttime?__5__.Itcanbeassimpleaswatchingamoviealoneorasbigastryingbungeejumping.Doingsomethingforthefirsttimedoesn'tneedtohavealife-changingeffect.Itcanbeasimplerealizationthatapparently,goingtoafilmscreeningbyyourselfisn'tsobad.So,therearesomuchmoretolearn,especiallynowthatwe'revirtuallyconnectedtoeveryoneintheworld.Asastudentoflife,it'sreallyuptoyoutouseallyourresourcesandmakeitintosomethingenriching.A．Widenyourcircle.B．Entertainyourself.C．Lessonsarenotlimitedtoouracademicstudies.D．It'snevertoolatetostartlearningsomethingnew.E．Youdon'talwaysneedadeepunderstandingforeverythingyoudo.F．Gobeyondtheplaceyouconsiderhome,becausehomecanbemanyplaces.G．Ifyoucan'tthinkoftheanswer,maybeyouneedtogooutandtrysomethingnew.答案與解析1．C從下一句Wearelearningfromlifeconstantly...可知。2．F從上一句Don'tlimityourselftoyourhometown...可知3．D從上一句Therearedefinitelythings...可知4．A根據(jù)本段中的Widenyourcircle...可知5．G根據(jù)下一句Itcanbeassimple...可知Ⅲ.語法填空OnkeepingaDiaryinEnglishKeepingadiaryinEnglishisoneofthe__1__(effect)waystoimproveourEnglishwritingability.__2__(compare)withotherformsofwriting,itisshorterandtakes__3__(little)time.ItcanhelpustodevelopthehabitofthinkinginEnglish.__4__wepersistinthispractice,graduallywe'lllearnhowtoexpressourselvesinEnglish.InkeepingadiaryinEnglish,wecertainlyrunupagainstmany__5__(difficult).Inthefirstplace,__6__oftenhappensthatwehavetrouble__7__(find)appropriatewordsandphrasestogiveexpressiontoourmind.Secondly,therearemanyidiomaticwaysofsayingthingsinChinese.AnditisextremelyhardforustoputthemintoEnglishproperly.AsfarasIam__8__(concern),mysuggestionisthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.Wheneversomethingbeatsus,wecanfirstputitdowninournotebookandthenconsultourdictionary.WecanalsoturntoourEnglishteacherforhelp,ifnecessary.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis__9__greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishfor__10__developmentofourwritingskills.答案與解析1．effective形容詞作定語。2．comparedcomparedwith與……相比。3．less該空與shorter并列，故用比較級形式less。4．Ifif引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為"如果”。5．difficultiesmany后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞。6．itit作形式主語。7．findinghavetrouble(in)doingsth.有困難做某事。8．concernedAsfarasoneisconcerned就……而言。9．ofofgreatuse很有用。10．the該空為特指，故用定冠詞the。Ⅳ.短文改錯Lastweekendmysisterwenttothesupermarkettobuysomegroceries.Threehoursago,withfullbagsofgoodsinbothhands,sheheadedfornearbybusstop,tiringandhungry.Shewaswaitingforthebuswhileitbegantorain.Afterwhatseemedages,cameabus,crowdedofpassengers.Whenitwasherturntogetonthebus,someonesaid,"Sorry,nomorerooms."Quitedisappointed,mysist