SectionAGrammarfocus4a—4c如果主語是動作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被動語態(tài)。英語中動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者(即某人做某事),便叫主動語態(tài)；在英語中只有__________和一些相當于及物動詞的詞組才有被動語態(tài)的形式。一：初中階段的被動語態(tài)有六種情況:(1):一般現(xiàn)在時;(2):一般過去時(3):一般將來時;(4):現(xiàn)在進行時(5):現(xiàn)在完成時(6):含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)及物動詞(1):一般現(xiàn)在時:__________________在中國,大部分學(xué)生學(xué)英語InChina,moststudents______English.English_____________moststudentsinChina.

主動語態(tài)islearnbylearnedam/is/are+done被動語態(tài)(2):一般過去時:_________________去年我們在山上種了許多We_______manytreesonthemountains.Manytrees____________byusonthemountainslastyear..werewas/were+doneplanted被動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)planted(3):一般將來時:______________她將好好地照顧孩子She__________goodcareofchildren.Children_____________goodcareofbyher.主動語態(tài)takentakewillbewillwillbe+done被動語態(tài)(4):現(xiàn)在進行時:______________________他們正在城里建造許多高樓大廈They____________manytallbuildingsinthiscity.Manytallbuildings______________bytheminthiscity.主動語態(tài)builtbuildingarebeingaream/is/are+being+done被動語態(tài)(5):現(xiàn)在完成時:_____________________中國向太空中發(fā)射了許多人造衛(wèi)星China__________manyman-madesatellitesintospaceManyman-madesatellites_____

__________intospacebyChina主動語態(tài)senthashave/hasbeen+donebeenhavesent被動語態(tài)(6):含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):

其結(jié)構(gòu)為:___________________我們必須盡快解決這個問題We__________theproblemassoonaspossible.Theproblem_______________byusassoonaspossible.主動語態(tài)solvedsolve情態(tài)動詞+be+donebemustmust被動語態(tài)(1):一般現(xiàn)在時:______________________(2):一般過去時:______________________(3):一般將來時:______________________(4):現(xiàn)在進行時:______________________(5):現(xiàn)在完成時:______________________(6):含有情態(tài)動詞:____________________have/hasbeen+doneam/is/are+being+donewillbe+donewas/were+doneam/is/are+done情態(tài)動詞+be+done

主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語;主動語態(tài)的主語變成被動語態(tài)的by+賓語謂語動詞用:被動結(jié)構(gòu);lastyearmanytreesplantedTheybywerethemMany昨天我們看了一場添彩的電影AwonderfulfilmsawWeyesterdayawonderfulfilmwasseenbyus把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)(1):FarmersgrowteainthesouthofChina.Tea___________inthesouthofChinabyfarmers(2):Theshopdoesn’tsellcomputers.Computers___________intheshop.grownissoldaren’t(3):Theywaterthetreesonceaweek.Thetrees____________onceaweekbythem.(4):Doessheoftenlookaftertheoldman?__theoldmanoften______afterbyher?(5):Doyouoftenrepairtheoldbikes?____theoldbikesoften________byyou?repairedIsareArelookedwatered(6):Weboughtapianolastterm.Apiano____________byuslastterm(7):AlexanderFlemingdiscoveredpenicillin.Penicillin_______________byAlexanderFleming.boughtwasdiscoveredwas(8):Didyouhandinyourhomeworkyesterday?____yourhomework_______inyesterday?(9):Nobodycananswerthequestion.Thequestion_________________byanybody.can’tWasansweredbehanded(10):Whenmustwecleantheclassroom?__________theclassroom__________?(11):Youshouldwashyourhandsbeforemeals.Yourhands_______

__________beforemeals.washedbemustWhenshouldcleanedbe用所給詞的適當形式填空(1):Thedogs__________(take)goodcareofbymymother

(2):Usually,myhomework_________(notdo)intheafternoon.(3):____theflowers________(water)everyday?(4):Thebook_______(like)byus.isn’tdonearetakenislikedwateredAre(5):Thebridgeovertheriver___________(finish)threeyearsago.

(6):Apresent_________(give)tomebymyfriendonmybirthday.

(7):He_________(see)toswiminthelakeyesterday.

(8):She___________(invite)totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.

wasseenwasgivenwasinvitedwasfinished(9):Manymoretreesshould_________(plant)thisyear.(10):Mustthework__________(finish)by6:30thisafternoon?(11):Wherecanthelostboy_________(find)?(12):ShouldI__________(allow)tomakemyowndecisions?beallowedbefoundbefinishedbeplanted二:含有使役動詞(______________)和感官動詞(___,______,_____,_____)的被動語態(tài):在主動語態(tài)中，使役動詞和感官動詞通常帶________________Thebossmadehim______(work)dayandnightinolddays.Isawastranger______(walk)intothebuilding.watchseemake省略to的不定式lethaveworknoticehearwalk但是,當含有使役動詞和感官動詞的句子變成被動語態(tài)時,要加______Theymadetheboygotobedearly.Theboy____________gotobedearly.Isawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.Astranger_____________walkintothebuilding.towaswasseentomadeto三:在主動語態(tài)中，有的動詞帶有雙賓,分別是直接賓語和間接賓語，當我們把直接賓語改成被動語態(tài)的主語是，要注意加上____或___.Hismotherboughthimapairofshoes.He___________apairofshoesbyhismother.Apairofshoes________________himbyhismother.boughttoforwasboughtwasfor四：在英語中,不及物動詞是不能用于被動語態(tài)的。這是因為不及物動詞沒有賓語，轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)便沒有主語。但這里要注意的是：由于受漢語的影響，有些不及物動詞很容易被同學(xué)們誤認為是及物動詞，從而誤用被動語態(tài)。這類易用錯的動詞主要的有:發(fā)生:___________________________爆發(fā):_________出現(xiàn):_________消失:_________持續(xù):_________lastdisappearbreakouthappenappearcomeouttakeplace我不知道這事是怎么發(fā)生的。Idon'tknowhowthisthingwashappened(____)Idon'tknowhowthisthinghappened．(____)TheCDwascomeoutin2015.(X)TheCDcameoutin2015.(_√___)√X(1):We’resurethattheenvironmentinourcity_______greatlythroughourworkinthenearfuture.A:improved;B:wasimproved;C:hasimproved;D:willbeimproved

D(2):---Foodsafetyisveryimportant.---Sosomerules_____tostoppeoplefrompollutingfood.A:mustmake;B:mustbemade;C:mustmade;D:bemade.

B(3):Ourteacherhastoldusthatwater______intovapourwhenheated.It’ssointeresting.A:canbechanged;B:canchange;C:mustchange;D:mustbechanged

A(4):It’ssaidthatanewschool______forthesestudentsnextyear.A:builds;B:isbuilding;C:willbebuilt;D:wasbuilt;(5):Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit_______.A:invents;B:invented;C:isinvented;D:wasinvented

C

D(6)I______afterschoolbymyfathereveryday,becausemyschoolisneartohiscompany.A:willbepickedup;B:waspickedup;C:ampickedup;D:havebeenpickedup;

C(7):---Lookatthesigninthecorner:Noparking.Soyourcar_____here.---Sorry,Ididn’t.I’lldrivemycarawayatonce.A:can’tbeparked;B:mustn’tpark;C:needn’tbeparked;D:shouldn’tpark;

A(8):---MayIgoswimmingforawhile?---No,yourhomework______first.A:mustdo;B:needbedone;C:shoulddo;D:canbedone;(9):Papermoney_____forathousandyears.A:used;B:hasbeenusedC:hasused;D:isusing

B

B(10):They______aboutitformanytimes,buttheystillmakemanymistakes.A:tells;B:havebeentold;C:wastold;D:told;(11):Mother’sDay_____atdifferenttimesindifferentcountries.A:celebrates;B:celebrated;C:iscelebrated;D:wascelebrated

B

C(12):Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse’sdecoration_____