40分閱讀理解提分練（四）

閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

[2022?廣州市高三年級(jí)調(diào)研測(cè)試]Enteringadulthoodisanimportantstepin

everyone，slife.Itmeansthatayoungpersonmustsoonleavechildishnessbehind

andstarttoshouldergrown-upresponsibilities.

InGermany,“Jugendfeier“isacoming-of-ageceremonyfor14-year-olds.They

gotoschooltopreparefortheoccasion,studyinglessonswithtopicslikecultural

respectandsocialresponsibility,whichwillhelpthembecomeworthycitizens.The

hopeisthattheyoungpeopletakingpartintheceremonywilltakeonthesevalues

forthemselves.

InLatinAmerica,a"quincean?era“isacelebrationforgirlsontheir15th

birthday,markingagirl,sentryintowomanhood.Inthepast,a"quincean~era”

wasintendedtoreadygirlsformarriageandtheyweretaughtcooking,sewingand

otherhouseholdskillsinpreparation.Today,it'ssimilartohowone，s18thbirthday

isconsideredanimportantdayinothercultures.

InIndia,thesacredthreadceremonyisperformedwhenaboyisgrown-up.He

isgiventhreesacredthreadsrepresentingthreepromiseshemakes:torespect

knowledge,torespecthisparentsandtorespectsociety.Aftertheceremony,the

boy,traditionally,leaveshisfamilytolivewithaguru（teacher）.Atthispoint

theboybecomes“twiceborn”—firsthisphysicalbirthandsecondhisintellectual

birththroughtheteacher，scare.

InVanuatu,youngboyscomeofagebyjumpingoffa98-foot-talltowerwith

abungee-likeropetiedtotheirankles,justbarelypreventingthemfromhitting

theground.Attheceremony,theboy'smotherwillholdsomethingrepresentinghis

childhood,andafterthejumptheitemwillbethrownaway,representingtheend

ofchildhood.Heisnowaman,readytoprotectthefamily.

1.Whatisthesharedexpectationofthefourcoming-of-ageceremonies?

A.Havingrespectforknowledge.

B.Gettingreadytoraiseafamily.

C.Acquiringcross-culturalawareness.

D.Developingasenseofresponsibility.

2.WhichappmightappealtopeopleenteringadulthoodinGermany?

A.B.C.D.

3.Inwhichplacearethingswithspecialmeaningsgiventotheyoungattendants?

A.Germany.B.LatinAmerica.

C.India.D.Vanuatu.

B

[2022?沈陽(yáng)市高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)（一）]

Java'sCafeisafundamentalextensionoftheRochesterexperience,openingits

armstocomfortcoffee,tea,anddessertloversalike.ForthetypicalURstudents,

theJava'sonGibbsSt.hasbecomeaplaceofsolaceduringstressfultestingtimes,

andonmoreheartwarmingoccasions,asocialhub.

Slowlyapproachingitsthirties,Java'shasenjoyedagoodreputationinthe

localarea.In1978,JavaJoecreatedacoffeefarminHawaii.Withgreatdedication

tohiscraft,thegreatmasterofcoffeebeansmadehiswaytoRochesterthen.In

1992,JoedecidedtostartsellingcoffeeatthePublicMarketandopenedupastore

onGibbsSt.withthehelpofMichaelCalabrese.Thislocation,nexttotheEastman

SchoolofMusic,isthefirstofmanyshopsJavaJoeopened.Asaloveroftheblues,

Joeenthusiasticallydecoratedthisflagshipstorewithartisticandmusical

influence.

AfterthisGibbslocation,JoeplantedJavaJoe'swherehewasfirststarting

out—atthePublicMarket.Later,JavaJoe'smovedtoanearbybuilding,andreceived

anamechange—Java'sattheMarketCoffeeRoasters.Thisbuildingservedasaplace

wherethosewhovisitedwouldoftencatchaglimpseofJoeskillfullyroastinghis

coffeebeansinthedancingflamesandcultivatinghisdrinkswithcare.However,

in1997helicensedCalabresetorunaJavaJoe's”,whothenrenamedtheGibbs

Cafetowhatweknowtoday—Java，sCafe.

JoeremainedinthePublicMarketlocationuntilhewasdiagnosedwithabrain

tumor.Joediedoflungcancerat68.Theinfluencehehadpouredintohisbusiness

iswell-knownandhighlyregarded.Hewonmanyawardsinhislife.

NexttimeyouheaddowntoGibbsSt.foryourmorningcup,keepinmindthe

extraordinarystoryofhowthatcupcameintobeing,allthankstoJavaJoe.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“solace“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Tension.B.Anxiety.

C.Safety.D.Relief.

5.WhatistrueaboutJava'sCafeonGibbsSt.?

A.Thenameoftheshopkeepsunchangeduptonow.

B.Itispopularwiththelocalsandstudentsaswell.

C.JavaJoehadtheownershipoftheshopin1997.

D.Itistheflagshipstorethathaswonseveralawards.

6.WhatisspecialaboutJava'sattheMarketCoffeeRoasters?

A.Joe'sspecially-madecoffeebeans.

B.Itssuper-qualitycoffeeandservice.

C.Joe'sdemonstrationofcoffee-makingskills.

D.Itsattractiontothemusicschoolstudents.

7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThepopularityofJava'sCafe.

B.Thedevelopmentofthecoffeeindustry.

C.ThecontributionJoemadetoRochester.

D.ThefounderanddevelopmentofJava*sCafe.

C

[2022?南昌市一模]CeciliaChiang,whoseSanFranciscorestaurant,theMandarin,

introducedAmericandinersinthe1960stotherichnessandvarietyofauthentic

Chinesecuisine,diedonWednesdayatherhomeinSanFrancisco.

Ms.Chiangwasnotachef,norwasshealikelycandidatetorunarestaurant.

ShewasbornnearShanghaiin1920astheseventhdaughterinawealthyfamily.After

herparentsdied,Ceciliamanagedthebusinesses，financeswhilestillinherteens.

Ms.ChiangcametotheUnitedStatesfromChinatofleetheJapaneseduring

WorldWarII,travelingnearly700milesonfoot.OnceinSanFrancisco,shemet

twoChineseacquaintanceswhowantedtoopenarestaurant.Ms.Chiangagreedtoput

uplargefunds.Butwhenthetwowomenquit,Ms.Chiangfoundtoherhorrorthat

thefundswerenotrefundable（可退還的）.Shetookadeepbreathanddecidedtoopen

therestaurantherself."IbegantothinkthatifIcouldcreatearestaurantwith

Western-styleserviceandthedishesthatIwasmostfamiliarwith一thedelicious

foodofChina—maybemylittlerestaurantwouldsucceed,“shewroteinherbook.

TheMandarin,whichwasopenedin1962asa65-seatrestaurant,introduced

customerstomainlySichuan,ShanghaiandCantondishes.Theearlydayswere

difficult.Butlittlebylittle,Chinesediners,andafewAmericans,cameregularly.

Overnightthetableswerefilledandtherestaurantbecameahugesuccess.

Ms.Chiangcontinuedtoworkasarestaurantconsultantintoher90s."Ithink

IchangedwhataveragepeopleknowaboutChinesefood,"Ms.Chiangwrote."They

didn'tknowChinawassuchabigcountry.”

8.WhendidMs.Chiangstarttomanagethebusinesses*finances?

A.Inthe1920s.B.Inthe1930s.

C.Inthe1950s.D.Inthe1960s.

9.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.WhenMs.ChiangcametotheUS.

B.HowMs.Chiangearnedherdeposit.

C.WhatMs.Chiangwroteinherbook.

D.WhyMs.Chiangopenedherrestaurant.

10.WhatdoweknowaboutTheMandarin?

A.Itsurvivedtheearlyhardships.

B.ItprovidedallkindsofChinesedishes.

C.Itcouldseatlessthan60peopleatfirst.

D.ItattractedmanyAmericansonceopened.

11.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Chiang?

A.Smartbutstubborn.

B.Devotedandbrave.

C.Adventurousbutcareless.

D.Enthusiasticandambitious.

D

[2022?成都市高三第一次診斷性檢測(cè)]

Humans'everspreadingpresencearoundtheglobeinfluencespatternsof

biologicalevolutioninwaysthatwearejustbeginningtoexplore.OntheGalapagos

Islands,abodyofevidenceshowsthattheeffectofourpresenceisincreasing.

LuisF.DeLe6nfromtheUniversityofMassachusettsBoston,togetherwithother

6scientistsspenttwoyearsobservingDarwin'sfinches（雀科小鳥）toevaluateour

effectsontheirbehavior.Theystartedbyconductingfeedingobservationson

coexistingfinchspeciesatsitesthatrangedfromnon-urbanareastourbanareas.

Theyalsoemployedfinch-humaninteractionexperimentstotestwhetherandhow

finchesrespondtohumanpresence.Tomeasurewhetherfinchfeedingpreferences

variedwiththedegreeofurbanization,“cafeteria“experimentswerecarried

out—Fincheswerepresentedwithaselectionofhumanandnativefooditems.

ThescientistsfoundthatDarwin'sfinchesfedalmostonhumanfoodslikerice

andcookiesorintroducedgardenspeciesaturbanlocations.Incontrast,at

non-urbansites,finchesfedmainlyonnativeplantspeciesandinsects.Interaction

testssuggestthaturbanbirdsgetmoreaccustomedtothepresenceofhumans.Finally,

atallsitesofregularhumanpresence,finchespreferredhumanfoodstonatural

foods.

Theresearcherswarnthatexploitingurbanenvironmentsmightpresent

challengesfororganisms,includingshorterlifespansbroughtbytheconsumption

ofhighlyprocessedfoods.Furthermore,theyear-roundavailabilityofabundant

humanfoodsinurbanenvironmentsmightaffectecologicalandevolutionaryprocesses

thatpromotedspeciesdiversity.Whiletheresultsclearlyshowashifttohuman

foodsaturbansites,theadaptivesignificanceofthatshiftisstillanopen

question.

Thesefindingsalsosuggestthathumanbehavioristhemaindriveroffinch

preferenceforhumanfoods.Theresearchersproposeapossibilitythattheeffect

ofhumanbehaviorisfacilitatedbyourtendencytofeedbirds,beitdirectlyor

inadvertentlyviafooddroppingorlittering.

12.Howdidthescientistscarryoutthestudy?

A.Bycarryingoutexperimentsinlabs.

B.Bytrainingfinchesandobservingresults.

C.Byobservingfinchesinnaturalconditions.

D.Byanalyzingfindingsfrompreviousexperiments.

13.Whichisprobablyfinches，favoritefoodatnon-urbansitesfrequently

visitedbyhumans?

A.Rice.

B.Aninsect.

C.Thefruitofanativeplant.

D.Theseedofanintroducedplant.

14.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph5probablymean?

A.Illegally.B.Voluntarily.

C.Deliberately.D.Unintentionally.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindings?

A.Allfinchesobservedarewillingtoapproachhumans.

B.Humanfoodavailabilitymightleadtobiodiversityloss.

C.Thereasonfortheshiftoffinchdietsremainsunknown.

D.Themoreprocessedfoodsfinchesconsume,thelongertheylive.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多

余選項(xiàng)。

[2022?武漢市武昌區(qū)高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]

Learningdoesn，thavetostopattheschoolhousedoor.Infact,itshouldn，t.

16It'sonethingtoreadabookaboutaforeigncountry;it'squiteanother

togothereandbefrienditspeople,eatitsfoodsandlearnitslanguage.17

MyhusbandGabrielandIuseittoengagewithourloveofhistory.Wecan，ttravel

tothepastinexactlythesamewaywewouldgotoaforeigncountry,butwecan

bringhistorytousbyincludingasmanyofitsdetailsaspossibleintoourdaily

lives.

18Ourhousewasbuiltin1888and1889.Verylittlehadbeenaddedover

thepastcentury-althoughmanythingshadbeenremovedorreplaced.Settlingin

wasalong,slowprocessofbringingbacksystemsandapplianceswhichwouldhave

beenstandardattheendofthenineteenthcentury.

Yearsago,westartedcollectingeverydayitemsfromthepast.Welovethings

peoplelikeuswereinteractingwithonadailybasisbackintheVictorian（維

多利亞時(shí)代的）era.Mosttextbookofhistoryfocusesonextremecases:politics,war,

andgreatnames.We'veneverbeenprivilegedtokeepcompanywithkingsand

presidentsinthemodernworld,sowe'vealwaysbeendrawnfarmorestronglytopeople

weourselvescanrelateto.Welovesimplestoriesofapproachablepeople.19

20Whenwegetthem,mostarewornout.Somepeoplewouldn'tthinktwice

aboutgettingridofsuchlow-qualityitems.Wefixthemupandputthembackto

theuseforwhichtheywereoriginallyintended.Asweinteractwiththem,theybecome

ourteachers.

A.Thebestwaytolearnaboutsomethingistoliveit.

B.Thistechniquecanbeappliedtoavarietyofsubjects.

C.Bydoingsowe'vecreatedalifewhichisuniquelybeautiful.

D.CurrentlyI'mworkingonanovelsetinthe1880sand1890s.

E.Usingthethingstheyusedhelpsusconnectwiththeirculture.

F.Theantiqueswhichmakeupourhomeareaworkingcollection.

G.Whenpeoplevisitourhometheysayit*slikewalkingintoamuseum.

40分閱讀理解提分練（四）

第一節(jié)

A

語(yǔ)篇類型：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)一一文化習(xí)俗一一不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)的成年儀式

1.答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段第二句"Itmeansthat...shoulder

grown-upresponsibilities",再結(jié)合下文介紹的四種不同國(guó)家和地區(qū)的成年儀式可知，

四種成年儀式的共同期望是培養(yǎng)年輕人的責(zé)任感。

2.答案與解析：A推斷。根據(jù)第二段第二句"Theygoto...becomeworthycitizens"

可知，在德國(guó)，舉行成年儀式前，孩子們要去學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)以文化尊重、社會(huì)責(zé)任等為主題的課

程。A項(xiàng)是志愿服務(wù)應(yīng)用軟件，與承擔(dān)社會(huì)責(zé)任有關(guān)，據(jù)此可推知A項(xiàng)正確。

3.答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)第四段第二句"Heisgiven...torespect

society"可知，在印度的成年儀式上，男孩將會(huì)收到三根神圣的線，分別代表他做出的三

個(gè)承諾：尊重知識(shí)、尊重父母和尊重社會(huì)。

B

語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)一一歷史與文化一一Java咖啡館的歷史和現(xiàn)

狀

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】Java咖啡館在當(dāng)?shù)叵碛辛己寐曌u(yù)。本文講述了Java咖啡館的創(chuàng)始人初

創(chuàng)該咖啡館的故事及該咖啡館的發(fā)展歷程。

4.答案與解析：D理解詞匯。根據(jù)該句中的"onmoreheartwarmingoccasions,a

socialhub”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可以推知，那是一個(gè)考試期間學(xué)生放松身心、緩解壓力的地方，故

畫線詞意為“輕松，寬慰”。

5.答案與解析：B理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段第二句"ForthetypicalUR...asocial

hub”可知，Java咖啡館已經(jīng)成為學(xué)生在考試期間放松身心的地方，故深受學(xué)生歡迎；根據(jù)

第二段第一句"Slowlyapproaching...inthelocalarea”可知，Java咖啡館在當(dāng)?shù)叵?/p>

有良好的聲譽(yù)，故深受當(dāng)?shù)厝说臍g迎。故B項(xiàng)正確。

6.答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)第三段第三句"Thisbuildingserved...his

drinkswithcarew可知，參觀這座建筑的人經(jīng)?？梢钥吹絁oe熟練地在飛舞的火焰中烤咖

啡豆，小心翼翼地泡咖啡。據(jù)此可知，該咖啡烘焙店的特別之處在于向顧客展示咖啡制作技

巧。

7.答案與解析：D理解文章主旨要義。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了Java咖啡館

的創(chuàng)始和發(fā)展過(guò)程：JavaJoe在夏威夷創(chuàng)建了咖啡農(nóng)場(chǎng)，后來(lái)到了羅切斯特，他在吉布斯

街開了第一家咖啡館。其后在1997年，他將“JavaJoe's”授權(quán)給Calabrese,Calabrese

將咖啡館改名，Java咖啡館至今仍深受學(xué)生和當(dāng)?shù)厝说那嗖A。據(jù)此可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意。

C

語(yǔ)篇類型：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：人與自我一一人物故事一一江孫蕓女士開辦中餐廳的故

事

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文主要講述了江孫蕓女士艱苦創(chuàng)業(yè)，在美國(guó)開辦中餐廳的故事。

8.答案與解析：B考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第二段第二、三句"Shewasborn

nearShanghaiin1920...Ceciliamanagedthebusinesses,financeswhilestillinher

teens”可知，江孫蕓女士出生于1920年，在十幾歲時(shí)就開始管理公司的財(cái)務(wù)。據(jù)此可知，

她在20世紀(jì)30年代開始管理公司財(cái)務(wù)，故B項(xiàng)正確。

9.答案與解析：D考查理解段落主旨要義的能力。通讀第三段可知，該段主要講述了

她開餐館的原因：她為躲避戰(zhàn)亂從中國(guó)來(lái)到美國(guó)，遇到了兩個(gè)想開餐館的中國(guó)熟人。在提供

了大量資金后，兩名合伙人放棄了，于是她決定自己開餐館。故D項(xiàng)正確。A、C項(xiàng)僅為第

三段的細(xì)節(jié)之一；B項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及。

10.答案與解析：A考查理解具體信息的能力.根據(jù)第四段后三句"Theearlydays

weredifficult...ahugesuccess”可知,創(chuàng)辦初期TheMandarin的處境艱難，但逐漸吸

引了中國(guó)和美國(guó)顧客的光顧，最后成功了；據(jù)此可知，TheMandarin度過(guò)了最初的困難時(shí)

期，故A項(xiàng)正確。

11.答案與解析：B考查推斷的能力。根據(jù)第三段第四、五句可知，當(dāng)她發(fā)現(xiàn)資金無(wú)

法退還時(shí)，她決定自己開辦餐館，據(jù)此可推知，她是一個(gè)勇敢的人；結(jié)合第五段首句“Ms.

Chiangcontinuedtoworkasarestaurantconsultantintoher90s”可知，直