02閱讀理解推理判斷題命題趨勢簡析英語閱讀能力的考查不但要求理解具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，也要求理解抽象的含義，既要求理解字面意思，又要求理解其深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等；既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含義及全文的邏輯關(guān)系，又要求根據(jù)其含義及邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理和判斷。英語推理判斷題常用infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等詞提問，或提問中含有表示推測的情態(tài)動詞，如:can,could,might,would等何其他表示可能性的副詞或詞組，如probably,mostlikely等。推理判斷題考查的趨勢分析：(1)對特定的信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理：做此類試題時(shí)，要善于某一段話中的'關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理判斷，利用逆向思維或正向推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。⑵整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行的推斷：做推理題時(shí)，有時(shí)需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來進(jìn)行推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。(3)利用語境的褒貶性進(jìn)行的信息推斷：幾乎每篇文章的語境都有一定的褒貶性，這種褒貶性反映了主人公的特定心理和情緒狀態(tài)以及作者的寫作意圖，因此利用好文章的語境褒貶性就能在把握主旨大意的基礎(chǔ)上對文章進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的邏輯判斷。認(rèn)真閱讀原文并找出反映語境褒貶性及變化的標(biāo)志性詞匯或句子，對我們掌握文章主旨大意，了解主人公的心理特點(diǎn)幾發(fā)展變化，從而進(jìn)行正確的邏輯判斷很有好處。(4)根據(jù)文章的結(jié)論推斷作者的態(tài)度：作者的態(tài)度、傾向是作者對陳述的觀點(diǎn)是贊同、反對還是猶豫不定，對記述或描寫的人、物或事件是贊頌、同情、冷漠還是厭惡、憎恨。作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間，或流露于修飾的詞語之中。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文章中作者的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞。(5)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系得出結(jié)論：邏輯結(jié)論是指嚴(yán)格根據(jù)文章中所陳述的事實(shí)、論點(diǎn)、例證等一系列論據(jù)材料進(jìn)行推理，從而得出合乎邏輯的結(jié)論，而不是根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或愛好去理解文章的內(nèi)涵。做這類題時(shí)，應(yīng)把握作者的寫作思路，預(yù)測下文可能發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。文章可按照事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過描寫，也可按因果關(guān)系、對比關(guān)系來描寫。(6)結(jié)合自己已有的知識進(jìn)行推斷：知識推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運(yùn)用自己掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章意思的結(jié)論的的一種推斷方法。知識推斷題一般都是針對細(xì)節(jié)。解答此類題不僅需要我們有一定的社會基礎(chǔ)知識，而且還需要對細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識有充分的理解。題型特征總覽推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題,一般在理解原文字面意義的基礎(chǔ)上,通過對語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的暗示,做出一定的判斷和推理,從而得出文章的深層意義及隱含意義。（一）命題方式(1)Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)paragraphthat______.

(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat______.

(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.

(4)Whatcanweinfer/learnfromthestory?(5)Themainpurposeofthepassageis______.

(6)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(7)What’stheauthor’sattitudetowards...?（二）選項(xiàng)特征1.正確選項(xiàng)的特征(1)一般根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容,一步即可推斷出結(jié)果(2)選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對概念,如only,never,all,absolutely等。正確答案一般比較模糊,如often,usually,might,possibly等2.干擾選項(xiàng)的特征張冠李戴把作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混在一起無中生有符合常識,但不是文章的內(nèi)容曲解文意利用原文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),借題發(fā)揮,曲解原文意思擴(kuò)縮范圍通過改變或去掉文章中的限制性詞語,將信息改變,造成干擾題型突破攻略一、隱含推斷題隱含推斷題主要考查考生對特定信息、全篇、全段或上下文邏輯關(guān)系，結(jié)合相關(guān)信息的暗示，準(zhǔn)確理解文章寓意或隱含的深層意義的能力。在解答這類題時(shí)，可采用“一步推導(dǎo)”法。即推理判斷題的最近答案原則：推的近的要比推的遠(yuǎn)的好，直接推出的要比間接推出的好。推理判斷題不是考查我們的想象力，它實(shí)際是考查我們原文中的某一個點(diǎn)或幾個點(diǎn)所涉及的問題讀透了沒有。因此做題時(shí)不能想得太多，推得過遠(yuǎn)，是否把原文讀懂才是關(guān)鍵。此類題目的題干一般包括以下五個動詞：infer(推斷)；conclude(推斷，得出結(jié)論)；indicate(暗示)；imply(暗示)；suggest(暗示)?！镜湫屠}】(2020·全國卷Ⅱ閱讀C)Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays，“Togivepeopleaguilt－freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething，atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco－friendly.31．WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A．It’sformal. B．It’srisky.C．It’sharmful. D．It’straditional.【分析】·第一步通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：inferaboutwearingfur·第二步定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：Togivepeopleaguilt－freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething，atleasthereinNewYork.·第三步仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)：Morgan覺得在紐約，給予人們一種沒有負(fù)罪感的選擇，他們可以穿海貍鼠皮做的衣服而不被人潑顏料——我認(rèn)為是一件大事，由此可推斷出穿皮草具有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性。二、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題是高考英語閱讀理解?？嫉囊环N題型，也是考生很容易失分的一種題型。文章作者或文中人物對某事物所持的情感、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往隱含在文章的字里行間或流露于修飾詞之中。常見的設(shè)問方式有：·Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?·Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...?·Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards/to...?·Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbedescribedas________．注意：(1)關(guān)注首段首尾句，確定文章主題，判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。(2)關(guān)注but后表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的語句來判斷作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)。(3)關(guān)注作者所舉的例子或者所引用的話語，來判斷文章作者或文中人物的態(tài)度傾向。(4)關(guān)注文章語言的褒貶去判斷作者的態(tài)度。(5)不要將個人的好惡態(tài)度糅進(jìn)題中，要學(xué)會分清作者本人的態(tài)度和作者引用觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)常用詞匯肯定positive積極樂觀的；optimistic樂觀的；supportive支持的；hopeful有希望的；promising有前途的；favourable贊許的否定negative否定的，消極的；disapproving不贊成的；critical批評的；unfavourable不贊同的懷疑suspicious可疑的，懷疑的；doubtful可疑的客觀objective客觀的；neutral中立的；skeptical懷疑的注意：以下選項(xiàng)一般不是答案(1)subjective主觀的，一般說明性的文章一定是客觀敘述的；(2)indifferent漠不關(guān)心的，作者既然寫文章描述，就一定不會漠不關(guān)心?！镜湫屠}】(2020·全國卷Ⅲ閱讀C)“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin：“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother－in－law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink？“Frommystandpoint，itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit？Yes，IthinkIwould.”29．WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother－in－law?A．Positive. B．Carefree.C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.【分析】·第一步通讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：Nick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother－in－law·第二步定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：“Frommystandpoint，itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes，IthinkIwould.”·第三步仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)：尼克對于與岳母住在一起持積極的態(tài)度。三、寫作意圖題通常情況下，作者在文中不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以，這種題型要求考生具備對作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的能力，是閱讀理解題中較高層次的題目，它與文章主題不同，但又關(guān)系密切，所以可以算作主旨大意題的一種變體。1.從寫作手法推斷寫作目的2.從字里行間推斷寫作目的在閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把寫作意圖說出來，需要閱讀者在閱讀、理解整體語篇的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)字面意思，通過全篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的寫作意圖。【典型例題】(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ閱讀C)Inthemid－1990s，TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths，physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater，stillattractedtothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit，however，endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat．Hencethisbook，ChasingtheSea：LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia，whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan，wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland，andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway：Rustam，histranslator，alovely24－year－oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia，OlegandNatasha，hishostsinTashkent，andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan，madeoffriendlinessandwarmth，butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand，MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders，whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana，heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan，heissaddenedbytheduststorms，diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences，makinghistaleawell－roundedpictureofUzbekistan，seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican，aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains，thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook，orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis，theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook.B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Torememberawriter.D．Torecommendatraveldestination.【分析】·第一步審讀題目找出題干關(guān)鍵詞：thepurposeofthistext·第二步從字里行間推斷寫作目的：迅速讀懂原文理清文章脈絡(luò)：文章開頭引出湯姆·比塞爾寫書的背景，從第二段到最后一段分別介紹了這本書的概要、主要內(nèi)容和對這本書的評價(jià)。·第三步仔細(xì)比對選項(xiàng)：全文圍繞著這本書展開，目的就是向讀者介紹并推薦這本書。四、文章出處/讀者對象題文章出處要從文章結(jié)構(gòu)、語言特色和標(biāo)志信息著手，結(jié)合文章的具體內(nèi)容來斷定。確定讀者對象要從文章內(nèi)容和文章措辭來判斷。1.熟知文體判文章出處2.確定讀者對象【典型例題】(2019·全國卷Ⅰ閱讀C)Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon，themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee－spaces.Atpresent，thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive，though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow－costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem：asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus，thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities，andbyextension，whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.31．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary. B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel. D．Amagazine.【分析】·第一步確定題干中的關(guān)鍵信息：thistextmostlikelyfrom·第二步定位到原文，尋找相關(guān)信息：根據(jù)本文的話題“智能鍵盤”以及第二段中的“ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow－costdevice...”，尤其是其中的關(guān)鍵詞researchers，low－costdevice等來推斷，這篇文章是一篇科研報(bào)道?！さ谌浇Y(jié)合文章的具體內(nèi)容合理推斷得出答案：科研報(bào)道最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。名校資源學(xué)練1（2023春·廣東深圳·高三深圳市福田區(qū)福田中學(xué)?？茧A段練習(xí)）Whenyouhearthebeginningofyourfavoritesongfromtheradio,suddenlyyourneckiscoveredingoosebumps.It'ssuchathingthatagroupofscientistscall“skinexcitement”—afeelingofcoldcausednotbyadropintemperatureorsuddenscare,butbythesenseofbeauty.“Skinexcitement”cancomefromasong,apainting,amovingmoviescene,orevenabelovedmemory-prettymuchanythingthatcausesthegivingoutofpleasure-soakeddopamineinyourbrain.Butitdoesnotcomeforallofus.Yourfavoritemusicuncoversalotaboutyourpersonality，andsodoeshowyourespondtothatmusic.Studiessupposethatasfewas55percentofpeopleexperience“skinexcitement”whenlisteningtomusic.Andifyoucountyourselfamongthisgroup,thegoosebumpsonyourskinaren'ttheonlygiveaway—scientistscanreaditinyourbrain,too.InanewstudypublishedinthejournalSocialCognitiveandAffectiveNeuroscience,Harvardresearchersperformedbrainscanson10studentswhosaidtheyreliablygotcoldwhenlisteningtomusic,and10studentswhodidn't.Theyfoundthatthecold-pronebrainsmayreallybeexcitedbystrongeremotions.Cold-pronebrainsaregenerallymorelikelytoshowstrongeremotionalintelligencethanno-coldbrains.Cold-pronemindstendtohaveunusualactiveimagination,reflectmoredeeplyontheiremotions,andappreciatenatureandthebeautyofmusicandarttoastrongerdegreethanno-coldbrains.So,whattypeofmusiccausesthechills?Itseemsthatthetypeisnotsoimportant;participantsinthenewstudyreportedgettingcoldfromsongsofeverykind.Andanysongconnectedwithastrongemotionalmemoryofthelistenercanproducethemostreliableresults.Forme,that'sthesongSailingtoPhiladelphiabyMarkKnopfler,whichIlistenedtoasakidinthecarwithmydad,onthewaytothesummercamp.1.Whatcanwelearnabout“skinexcitement”inthetext?A.Ithelpstoproducedoparmine. B.Itiscausedbythepainintheskin.C.Itcanbeexperiencedbyeverymusiclistener. D.Itisthehumanbody'sreactiontosomethingnice.2.WhatdoesthenewstudybyHarvardresearchersmainlyfind?A.Thepercentageofmusicloversinstudents.B.Thesolutionstothegoosebumpsonone'sskin.C.Thedifferencesbetweencold-proneandno-coldbrains.D.Therelationshipbetweenone'smusicpreferenceandpersonality.3.Whatarepeoplewithcold-pronebrainslike?A.Beautifulandintelligent. B.Emotionalanddishonest.C.Imaginativeandsensitive. D.Braveandstrong-minded.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ResponsestoMusicVaryamongPeople B.AFeelingofColdIsCausedbyHorribleMusicC.YourFavoriteMusicRevealsYourPersonality D.FavoriteMusicMayBringForthGooseBumps2（2023秋·黑龍江哈爾濱·高三哈師大附中?？计谀￤henyouthinkoftheHimalayas,youmaypicturetall,rocky,snow-coveredpeaks.Butthat’snottrue.Thesubnival(亞冰雪的)regionisthezonebetweenthetreelineandthesnowline.Itis5to5timesaslargeastheareasofglaciersandpermanentsnow,whichmeansstudyingitisvitaltounderstandingtheHimalayasasawhole.Thetreelineistheedgeofanecosystemwheretreesareabletogrow,andbeyondthetreelineenvironmentalconditionsbecometootoughtoallowtreegrowth.Meanwhile,snowlinesaretheboundariesonmountainsthatseparateareaswithpermanentsnow(wheresnowispresentforthemajorityoftheyear)fromareaswithseasonalornosnow.Researchersusedsatellitedatafrom1993to2018tomeasureplantcoverbetween4,150metersand6,000metersabovesealevel.Thescientistsdiscoveredthatthegreatestincreaseinplantcoverwasbetweenanaltitudeof5,000metersand5,500meters.Subnivalplantsmostlyincludesmallshrubsandgrasses.Evenareasoncecompletelyoccupiedbyglaciersnowholdrockscoveredwithmosses,lichen,andsometimesevenflowers.Inaddition,thesnowlineseemstoberetreating,whilethetreelineisexpanding.Thisshowsthattheregionisbecomingwarmer,causingmoremeltingofsnowandallowingvegetationtomoveupinheight.Inthepast40years,25%ofallHimalayanicehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming.Himalayanglaciersarereducingbyabout0.5meterseachyear.Therateofglaciermeltinghasdoubledinthisdecade.Themeltingofglaciersincreaseswaterintheregion,makingitwetter.Recedingsnowalsoforcesthesnowlinetomoveup,providingagreateramountofareaforthewarmandmoistconditions,whichareperfectforvegetationgrowth.Asofnow,wedonotknowwhethervegetationwillaccelerateorslowdowntherateofglaciermelting.5.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethirdparagraph?A.Byexplainingconcepts. B.Byprovidingsomeexamples.C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects. D.Bylistingspecificdata.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreating”meaninParagraph5?A.Disappearing. B.Lengthening. C.Withdrawing. D.Widening.7.WhatisthedirecteffectofglobalwarmingontheHimalayas?A.Thesnowlinemovesup. B.Glaciersaremeltingfaster.C.Thesubnivalareaiswetter. D.Plantsgrowmuchbetter.8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheclimateoftheHimalayasischanging. B.IcebergsintheHimalayashavedisappeared.C.PlantsarediverseintheHimalayas. D.PlantlifespreadsintheHimalayas.3（2023·江蘇鹽城·鹽城中學(xué)?？既＃〩umansarenottheonlyoneswhounderwentself-domestication.Sodidourcloserelatives,thebonobos,andthespecieswecallourbestfriend.Atinyproportionofthegenomedifferentiatesdogsfromwolves,andyetmillionsofdogsarecomfortablycurledupinourhomes,whilewolvesmovearoundattheedgeofextinction.Whenourresearchgroupbeganitsworkalmost20yearsago,wediscoveredthatdogsalsohaveextraordinaryintelligence:theycanreadourgesturesbetterthananyotherspecies.Wolves,incontrast,aremysteriousandunpredictable.Theirhomeisthewilderness,andthatwildernessisshrinking.Butnotsolongagotheevolutionaryracebetweendogsandwolveswassoclose,itwasunclearwhowouldwin.Dogs,infact,didnotdescendfromwolves.Instead,dogsandwolvessharedawolflikeancestor.Folkloresupposesthathumansbroughtwolfpuppiesintocampanddomesticatedthem.OraswolfexpertDavidMechwrotein1974,“Evidentlyearlyhumanstamedwolvesanddomesticatedthem,eventuallyselectivelybreedingthemandfinallydevelopingthedomesticdogfromthem.”Butthisstoryhasnotheldup.Tamingananimaloccursduringitslifetime.Domesticationhappensovergenerationsandinvolveschangestothegenome.Sohowdidwolvesturnintodogs?BackintheIceAge,asourhumanpopulationsgrewmoresedentary,weprobablycreatedmorerubbish,whichwethendumpedoutsideourcamps.Theseleavingswouldhaveincludedtemptingpiecesoffoodforhungrywolves.Noteverywolfwouldhavebeenabletoscavenge,however.Theseanimalswouldhavehadtobeunafraidofhumans,andiftheydisplayedanyaggressiontowardus,theywouldhavebeenkilled.Aftergenerationsofselectionforfriendlinesswithoutintentionalselectionbyhumans,thisspecialpopulationofwolveswouldhavebeguntotakeonadifferentappearance.Coatcolor,ears,tails:allprobablystartedtochange.Animalsthatcouldrespondtoourgesturesandvoiceswouldbeextremelyusefulashuntingpartnersandguards.Theywouldhavebeenvaluableaswellfortheirwarmthandcompanionship,andslowlywewouldhaveallowedthemtomovefromoutsideourcampstoourfiresides.Wedidnotdomesticatedogs.Thefriendliestwolvesdomesticatedthemselves.9.Whatcanbesummarizedaboutwolvesanddogsfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Wolvesaresmarterthandogs.B.Theyareverymuchraciallydivided.C.Theyarecloserelativesbutdogsseemtobeonthewinningside.D.Dogshavemadetheirwaystoindoorlifewhilewolvestothewild.10.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“sedentary”inparagraph5?A.diverse B.limitedC.livinginthesameplace D.involvingregularmigration11.Whatdoestheauthorconcludefromthehistoryofdogsandwolves?A.Dogsevolvedfromwolves.B.Selectivebreedingdevelopeddomesticdogs.C.Taminganddomesticatingananimalarethesamething.D.Friendlinessasaqualitytranslatesintoanevolutionarystrategy.12.Whichofthefollowingissuitableforatitle?A.FromWolftoDog B.Dog:OurFavoritePetC.AnIntentionalDomestication D.ACompetitionStorybetweenWolfandDog4（2023春·重慶·高三開學(xué)考試）Rememberwhenyourmomtoldyounottoeattoomanycandybarsorsweetsbecausetheycancausetoothdecay(蛀牙)?However,itturnsoutthatchocolatecanbemoresalutarytoyourteeththanyoumightexpect.Recentstudiesshowthatchocolatecaneffectivelyfightagainsttoothdecay,asifweneedanotherexcusetoeatchocolate.Chocolateoffersprotectionlikefluoride,amainingredientinmosthouseholdtoothpastes.Notonlydoeschocolateprotectourteeth,butitcandosoveryeffectively.Studiesshowthatchocolatehascompoundsthatprovidestrongprotectionforteeth.Oneofthecompoundsinchocolate,CBH,isshowntoprotectevenmoreeffectivelythanfluoride.Toothdecayhappenswhenbacteriaworktoturnsugarintoacidsinourmouth.Thisiswhyeatingfoodswithhighsugarcontentcanleadtomoretoothdecay.Thecompoundsinchocolate,however,areanti-bacteriaandcanfightagainstbacteriainyourmouth.TheCBHcompoundinparticularalsoworkstostrengthentoothenamel(牙釉質(zhì)),andprotectsagainsttoothdecay.Doesthismeanyoucancatasmuchchocolateasyouwantwithoutworryingaboutyourteeth?Itdependsonthetypesofchocolatethatyoulike.Theprotectiveeffectofchocolateismosteffectivewhenyouchewoncocoabeans.Ofcourse,thisoptionisnotveryappealingto;mostpeople.Amoretastyoptionistochoosedarkchocolatewithlittlesugarcontent,ideallynomorethan6to8gramsperserving.Forothertypesofchocolatewithhighersugarcontent,theeffectwillbelessened.However,becauseoftheprotectivecompounds,itisstillbetterforyourteeththanothersweetsanddessertscontainingthesameamountofsugar.13.Theword“salutary”inparagraph1means?A.Beneficial. B.Harmful. C.Familiar. D.Useless.14.WhatcanweknowaboutthecompoundCBHinchocolate?A.Itcanhelpchocolatecuretoothdecay.B.Itcaneffectivelystopteethfromdecaying.C.Itmayprotectteethbetterthantoothpastesdo.D.Itmaysoonreplacemosthouseholdtoothpastes.15.Howdoeschocolatefighttoothdecay?A.Bybreakingdownacids. B.Bybuildingupcompounds.C.Byfixinguptoothenamel. D.Byfightingagainstbacteria.16.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Chocolateplaystheroleoftoothpaste.B.Chocolateprotectsagainsttoothdecay.C.Chocolateisthebestchoiceforteethprotection.D.Chocolateishealthiertoteeththanothersweets.5（2023·廣東深圳·深圳市建文外國語學(xué)校?？家荒＃￤ithover4.1billionpeople,oraround55percentoftheworld’spopulation,livinginurbanareas,citiesandtownsworldwidearegettingincreasinglycongested.Inadditiontospendingmanyhoursstuckintraffic,residentsarealsoexposedtohighairpollutionlevelscausedbytransportationemissions.Now,SaudiArabiahopestorevolutionizeurbanlivingwith“TheLine”—acitydesignedaroundnature,withoutcarsandroads!“TheLine”isdesignedbySaudiCrownPrinceMohammedbinSalman(MBS).LocatedinNEOM—a10,000-square-milehigh-techplanneddevelopmentontheRedSeacoastinthenorthwesternSaudiprovinceofTabu—TheLinewillbethecornerstoneofMBSsSaudiVision2030.TheplanaimstodiversifySaudiArabia’soil-dependenteconomyintoothersectors,liketourism,andcreateexcitingjobopportunitiesforitscitizens.The105-mile-longcity,expectedtocostbetween$100billionand$200billion,willbebuiltalongastraightlineandismadeupofseveralself-sustainingcommunities.Toensureallservicesarewithinashort,five-minutewalk,eachcommunitywillfeatureathree-layerinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).Thetop“pedestrianlayer”willbevoidofcarsandroads,allowingresidentstofreelywalkandbikeinthesurroundinggreenspaces.Thesecond“servicelayer”,willincludeallessentialdailyservices,suchasschools,leisurefacilitiesandgrocerystores.Thethird“spinelayer”willhousehigh-speedsubwayandautonomousvehiclescapableoftransportingresidentsacrosscommunitiesinlessthan20minutes.Theentirecitywillbepoweredwithrenewablecleanenergysourcessuchassolarandwind,andpossiblyevenhydrogen.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplantconstructionofthiscomplexprojectwillstartbeforethe1stquarterof2021.Inadditiontoprovidinguptoamillionresidentswithacleanandstress-freelivingenvironment,TheLineisexpectedtocreate380,000newjobs,starteconomicdiversification,andcontributeanastounding$48billiontoSaudiArabia’sGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)by2030.Moreimportantly,MBSbelievesitwillprovidegovernmentsworldwidea“blueprintforhowpeopleandplanetcanco-existinharmony.”17.Wecaninferthat“TheLine”willbe_________.A.temporary B.primitive C.eco-friendly D.conventional18.WhatisTheLinemeanttoresultin?A.Lowcrimerates. B.Highunemployment.C.Supercommunities. D.Diverseeconomicsectors.19.Whatcanbefoundonthesecondlayer?A.Medicalclinics. B.Busstops.C.Undergroundtrains. D.Cyclinglanes.20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.SaudiArabiaHasCreatedAGreenCityWithNoCarsOrStreetsB.“TheLine”WillBeTheCornerstoneOfMBS'sSaudiVision2030C.“TheLine”—BlueprintOfPeopleAndAnimalsCo-existingInHarmonyD.SaudiArabiaAnnounces“TheLine”—ALowCarbonCityWithoutCars6（2023·天津南開·南開中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）Lastyear,apopularrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamilydininginit,withoutaskingtheirpermission.Afterfindingoutwhattherestaurantwasdoing,thefamilyshowedtheirobjection,buttherestaurantignoreditandinsistedthattheyhadtherighttodoit.Moreover,theytriedtosilencethefamily,sayingthattheirbehaviorwasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.Thiseventhascausedadebateontheviolationofprivacyandportraitrightsbywebcasts.Itdoesn'tbothersomepeoplewhentheirimagesareunconsciouslyrecordedbycamerasandshownthroughlivestreamsondifferentonlineplatforms.Theymayevenenjoyappearingonscreensandcooperatewithsomebusinesses.Inthatway,therestaurantcanhavemorepublicexposureandthusattractmorecustomers,whichistheirpurposeofwebcasting.However,othersincludingthefamilymentionedabove,areagainstit.Thefamilythoughtthattheirportraitrightswereviolated,consideringnoonehadaskedifitwasokaytousetheimagesofthem.Theyfoundintolerablethattheiractionscapturedbythecamerawerewebcastlivetomillionsofviewers,nottomentionthefactthatsomeofthemwerenotsodecent.Thustheydemandedanapologyfromrestaurant.Peoplemaybehaveinarelaxedwaywheneatingorresting,andtheydon'twantotherstoseetheminthisway.Thus,fromalegalperspective,ifbusinesseswebcasttheircustomersforcommercialreasons,theyhaveviolatedcustomersportraitrights.Webcastingsomeonewithouthisorherconsentamountstoaviolationofportraitrights,whichisgettingincreasinglycommonthesedaysascellphonewebcastingisgrowinginpopularityfortechnicalconvenience,However,publicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisstillfallingbehind.Moreshouldbedonetomakesurewebcastingisdevelopingsustainably,withoutviolatingpeople'slegalrights.21.Whatisthemajorissuearguedinthepassage?A.Afamousrestaurantpublishedalivestreamofafamilydininginit.B.Thefamilyshowedtheirobjectiontothefamousrestaurant'swebcast.C.Therestaurantignoredtheobjectionandinsistedtheyhadtherighttodoit.D.Therestaurantclaimedthatthefamilywasdamagingtherestaurant'simage.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inParagraph2referto?A.Customersenjoyappearingonscreens.B.Customerscooperatewithsomebusinesses.C.Customersareshownthroughlivestreamsonline.D.Customersareunconsciouslyrecordedbycameras.23.Whichofthefollowingbehaviorsmayviolatecustomers'privacyandportraitrights?A.Businesseswebcastcustomersliveaccordingtotheiragreement.B.Businesseswebcastcustomersforcommercialreasonsandpaythem.C.Businesseswebcastcustomersimproperactionswiththeirpermission.D.Businesseswebcastcustomersbehavinginarelaxedwaywithoutinformingthem.24.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.PublicawarenessofprivacyprotectionisincreasingB.AfamousrestaurantreleasedalivestreamofafamilyC.HowcanpeoplebehaveinarelaxedwaywhenhavingarestD.Adebateonwhetherwebcastsviolateprivacyandportraitrights25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardwebcasts?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Positive.D.Subjective.7（2023·廣西貴港·統(tǒng)考三模）Cory,aged30,wasdiagnosedwithspinalmuscularatrophy（脊髓性肌萎縮癥）ataveryyoungage.Becauseofhiscondition,hebeganusingawheelchairatage4.Hismother,SandyGilbreath,raisedhimasasingleparent.Althoughtakingcareofachildwithadisabilitywaschallenging,sheensuredthatCorydidn'tmissoutonthefunthingsinlife.Sandytookhimonroadtripsduringsummerbreaksthroughouthischildhood.Theexcitingexperiencesofexploringnewplacesinspiredhimtosetalifelonggoalofvisitingallsevencontinents.Fortunately,CorywasabletodothatjustbeforetheCOVID-19started.HeandhismothertraveledtoAntarcticainFebruary,justbeforethebordersclosed.Itwastheseventhandfinalcontinentoffhislist.Hebecamethefirst-everwheelchairusertovisitallthesevencontinents!AccordingtoCory,travelinginawheelchairrequiresawiderangeofplanningandresearch.Hestartshisresearchsixtotwelvemonthsbeforeeachtrip,makingsurethatthereareaccessibletransportationoptionsinthelocation.Hewouldalsocalluphotelsorrentalhomestoconfirmiftheyaretrulyasaccessibleastheyclaimtobe.WhenCorystartedgoingonadventures,thereweren'tmanyonlineresourcesdiscussingaccessibletravel.Tohelpothertravelerswithdisabilitiesexploretheworldashedoes,hedecidedtosharehisknowledgeinhisblog.Aimingtopromoterepresentationofthewheelchair-usingcommunity,Coryandhismotherwroteachildren'sbook,titledLet'sExplorewithCorCor,whichisaboutaboywhotravelsaroundtheworldinhispoweredwheelchair.Travelingtoallsevencontinentswasn'tsomethingIwassurewasgoingtobepossible,"hesaid."Butifyoustaydetermineda