sentence?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.1.Sincethelawsofphysics,notsomearbitrarydecision,havedeterminedgeneralformofapplied-artobjects,theyfollowbasicpatterns,somuchsothatfunctionalformscanvaryonlywithincertainlimits.Functionalapplied-artobjectscannotvarymuchfromthebasicpatternsdeterminedbythelawsofphysics.Thefunctionofapplied-artobjectsisdeterminedbybasicpatternsinthelawsofphysics.Sincefunctionalapplied-artobjectsvaryonlywithincertainlimits,arbitrarydecisionscannothavedeterminedtheirgeneralform.Thegeneralformofapplied-artobjectsislimitedbysomearbitrarydecisionthatisnotdeterminedbythelawsofphysics.2.Thestructureofthebackboneshows,however,thatAmbulocetusswammodernwhales[bymovingtherearportionofitsbodyupanddown],eventhoughaflukewasmissing.○EventhoughAmbulocetusswambymovingitsbodyupanddown,itdidhavea○ThebackboneofAmbulocetus,whichallowedittoswim,providesevidenceitsmissing○AlthoughAmbulocetushadnofluke,itsbackbonestructureshowsthatswamlikemodern○B(yǎng)ymovingtherearpartsoftheirbodiesupanddown,modernwhalesswimadifferentwayfromthewayAmbulocetusTheextremeseriousnessofdesertificationresultsfromthevastareasoflandthetremendousnumbersofpeopleaffected,aswellasfromthegreatdifficultyreversingorevenslowingtheDesertificationisreversingorevenslowingtheDesertificationisasignificantproblembecauseitissohardtoreverseandaffectslargeareasoflandandgreatnumbersofpeople.Slowingdowntheprocessofdesertificationisdifficultbecauseofpopulationgrowththathasspreadoverlargeareasofland.Thespreadofdesertsisconsideredaveryseriousproblemthatcanbesolvedonlyiflargenumbersofpeopleinvariouscountriesareinvolvedintheeffort.Desertificationisextremelyhardtoreverseunlessthepopulationisreducedinthevastareasaffected.4.Herefusedtodevelopprojectiontechnology,reasoningthatifhemadeandprojectors,thenexhibitorswouldpurchaseonlyonemachine-aprojector-fromhiminsteadofseveral.Edisonwasmoreinterestedindevelopingavarietyofmachinesthanindevelopingatechnologybasedononlyone.Edisonrefusedtoworkonprojectiontechnologybecausehedidnotthinkexhibitorswouldreplacetheirprojectorswithnewermachines.Edisondidnotwanttodevelopprojectiontechnologybecauseitlimitedthenumberofmachineshecouldsell.Edisonwouldnotdevelopprojectiontechnologyunlessexhibitorsagreedtopurchasemorethanoneprojectorfromhim.5.Forexample,people[whobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustified-duringwartime-]arelikelytoactaggressively,whereaspeople[whobelievethataparticularwaroractofaggressionisunjust,orwhothinkthataggressionisneverjustified,]arelesslikelytobehaveaggressively.Peoplewhobelievethattheyarefightingajustwaractaggressivelywhilethosewhobelievethattheyarefightinganunjustwardonot.PeoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandPeoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedaremorelikelytoactaggressivelythanthosewhobelievedifferently.Peoplewhonormallydonotbelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifiedmayactaggressivelyduringwartime.Peoplewhobelievethataggressionisnecessaryandjustifieddonotnecessarilyactaggressivelyduringwartime.6.Apprenticeswereconsideredpartofthefamily,andmasterswereresponsibleonlyforteachingtheirapprenticesatradebutalsoforprovidingthemsomeeducationandforsupervisingtheirmoralbehavior.MastersdemandedmoralbehaviorfromapprenticesbutoftentreatedthemTheresponsibilitiesofthemastertotheapprenticewentbeyondtheteachingofatrade.Masterspreferredtomaintainthetradewithinthefamilybysupervisingandeducatingtheyoungerfamilymembers.Masterswhotrainedmembersoftheirownfamilyasapprenticesdemandedexcellencefromthem.7.OnepotentialproblemisthatopeningthemouthtobreathedetractsfromstreamliningofthesefishesandtendstoslowthemThesefishesoftenhaveaproblemopeningtheirmouthswhileThestreamliningofthesefishespreventsthemfromslowingThestreamliningofthesefishestendstoslowdowntheirOpeningthemouthtobreathecanreducethespeedofthese8.Hillsandmountainsareoftenregardedastheepitomeofsuccessfullyresistingthedestructiveforcesofnature,butinfacttheytendtoberelativelyshort-livedingeologicalterms.Whentheyarerelativelyyoung,hillsandmountainssuccessfullyresistthedestructiveforcesofnature.Whentheyarerelativelyyoung,hillsandmountainssuccessfullyresistthedestructiveforcesofnature.Althoughtheyseempermanent,hillsandmountainsexistforarelativelyshortperiodofgeologicaltime.Hillsandmountainssuccessfullyresistthedestructiveforcesofnature,butonlyforashorttime.Hillsandmountainsresistthedestructiveforcesofnaturebetterthanothertypesoflandforms.WhigswereabletoattractsupportonlyinthewealthiestpartsoftheeconomybecauseDemocratsdominatedinotherareas.WhigandDemocraticareasofinfluencewerenaturallysplitbetweenurbanandruralareas,respectively.ThesemisubsistencefarmingareasdominatedbyDemocratsbecameincreasinglyisolatedbytheWhigs'controlofthemarketeconomy.TheDemocrats'powerwasgreatestinpoorerareaswhiletheWhigswerestrongestinthoseareaswherethemarketwasalreadyfullyoperating.TheForewereaskedtodisplayfamiliarfacialexpressionswhentheytoldTheForealsodisplayedfamiliarfacialexpressionswhenaskedhowtheywouldrespondiftheywerethecharactersinstories【thatcalledforbasicTheWhigswerestrongestinthetowns,cities,andthoseruralareasthatwereintegratedintothemarketeconomy,whereasDemocratsdominatedareassemisubsistencefarmingthatweremoreisolatedandlanguishingTheForeexhibitedthesamerelationshipoffacialexpressionsTheForeexhibitedthesamerelationshipoffacialexpressionsandbasicemotions【thatisseeninWesternculture】whentheyactedoutstories.TheForewerefamiliarwiththefacialexpressionsandbasicemotionsofcharactersinstories.11【Althoughherearlytheatricalcareerhadincludedstintsasanactress,shewasnotprimarilyinterestedinstorytellingorexpressingemotionsthroughdancethedramaofherdancingemanatedfromhervisualeffects.Fullerwasmoreinterestedindance’svisualimpactthaninitsnarrativeoremotionalpossibilities.Fullerusedvisualeffectstodramatizethestoriesandemotionsexpressedinherwork. Fullerbelievedthatthedramaofherdancingsprangfromheremotionalstyleofstorytelling.Fuller’sfocusonthevisualeffectsofdanceresultedfromherearlytrainingasan12.OneexplanationforgreenicebergsattributestheircolortoanopticalOneexplanationnotesthatgreenicebergsstandoutamongothericebergsunderagreatvarietyoflightconditions,butthisisattributedtoanopticalillusion.Oneexplanationforthecolorofgreenicebergsattributestheircolortoanopticalillusionthatoccurswhenthelightfromanear-horizonredSunshinesonablue【whenblueiceisilluminatedbyanear-horizonredSun】,butgreenicebergsstandoutamongwhiteandblueicebergsunderagreatvarietyofOneexplanationforgreenicebergsattributestheirOneexplanationforgreenicebergsattributestheircolortoagreatvarietyoflightconditions,butgreenicebergsstandoutbestamongothericebergswhenilluminatedbyanear-horizonredSun.Oneexplanationattributesthecolorofgreenicebergstoanopticalillusionunderagreatvarietyoflightconditions.13.Earthis[atargetinacosmicshootinggallery],subjecttorandomviolentthatwereunsuspectedafewdecadesUntilrecently,nobodyrealizedthatEarthisexposedtounpredictableviolentimpactsfromspace.Inthelastfewdecades,theriskofarandomviolentimpactfromspacehasSincemostviolenteventsonEarthoccurrandomly,nobodycanpredictwhenorwheretheywillhappen.Afewdecadesago,Earthbecamethetargetofrandomviolenteventsoriginatinginouterspace.14.Largewindfarmsmightalsointerferewiththeflightpatternsofmigratorybirdscertainareas,andtheyhavekilledlargebirdsofprey(especiallyhawks,falcons,andeagles)thatprefertohuntalongthesameridgelinesthatareidealforwindHawks,falcons,andeaglesprefertohuntalongridgelines,wherewindturbinescankilllargenumbersofmigratorybirds.Windturbinesoccasionallycausemigratorybirdstochangetheirflightpatternsandthereforemayinterferewiththeareaswherebirdsofpreyprefertohunt.Someofthebestlocationsforlargewindfarmsareplacesthatmaycauseproblemsformigratingbirdsandbirdsofprey.Largewindfarmsincertainareaskillhawks,falcons,andeaglesandthusmightcreateamoreidealpathfortheflightofmigratorybirds.15.Theseplants(Dandelions)aretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyon15.Theseplants(Dandelions)aretermedopportunistsbecausetheyrelyonandcreatesagapintheforestcanopy1.Becausetheirseedsgrowinplaceswherecompetingplantsarenolongerpresent,dandelionsareclassifiedasopportunists.Dandelionsarecalledopportunistsbecausetheycontributetothenaturalprocessesoferosionandthecreationofgapsintheforestcanopy.Thetermopportunistsapplytoplantswhoseseedsfallinplaceswheretheycancompetewiththeseedsofotherplants.Thetermopportunistsapplytoplantswhosefallingseedsareremovedbynaturalprocesses.16.Iftheporesarelarge,thewaterinthemwillexistasdropstooheavyfortensiontohold,anditwilldrainaway;butiftheporesaresmallenough,thewaterinthemwillexistasthinfilms,toolighttoovercometheforceofsurfacetensionholdingtheminplace;thenthewaterwillbefirmlyheld.SurfacetensionisnotstrongenoughtoretaindropsofwaterinrockswithlargeporesbutitstrongenoughtoholdontothinfilmsofwaterinrockswithsmallWaterinrocksisheldinplacebylargeporesanddrainsawayfromsmallsizeporesthroughsurfacetension.Smallporesandlargeporesbothinteractwithsurfacetensiontodeterminewhetherarockwillholdwaterasheavydropsorasathinfilm.Iftheforceofsurfacetensionistooweaktoholdwaterinplaceasheavy1seeds’fallingintosettingswherecompetingplantshavebeenremovedbynaturalprocesses,【suchasalonganerodingriverbank,onlandslipsorwhereatreethewaterwillcontinuetobeheldthewaterwillcontinuetobeheldfirmlyinplaceasathinfilmwhenlargepores17.Forexample,someearlysocietiesceasedtoconsidercertainritesessentialtowell-beingandabandonedthem,nevertheless,theyretainedaspartsoftheiroraltraditionthemythsthathadgrownuparoundtheritesandadmiredthemfortheirartisticqualitiesratherthanfortheirreligioususefulness.Asociety’sritesweremorelikelytoberetainedintheoraltraditionifitsmythswereadmiredforartisticqualities.Theartisticqualityofamythwassometimesanessentialreasonforasocietytoabandonitfromtheoraltradition.Someearlysocietiesstoppedusingmythsintheirreligiouspracticeswhenritesceasedtobeseenasusefulforsocialwell-being.Mythssometimessurvivedinasociety’straditionbecauseoftheirartisticqualitiesevenaftertheywerenolongerdeemedreligiouslybeneficial.18.WindvelocityalsoincreaseswithaltitudeandmaycauseseriousstressforasismadeevidentbythedeformedshapesathighBecauseoftheirdeformedshapesathighaltitudes,treesarenotlikelytobeseriouslyharmedbythestrongwindstypicalofthosealtitudes.Asaltitudeincreases,thevelocityofwindsincrease,leadingtoaseriousdecreaseinthenumberoftreesfoundathighaltitudes.Thedeformedshapesoftreesathighaltitudesshowthatwindvelocity,whichincreasewithaltitude,cancauseserioushardshipfortrees.Increasedwindvelocityathighaltitudesdeformstheshapesoftrees,andthismaycauseseriousstressfortrees.19.Inorderforthestructure19.Inorderforthestructuretoachievethesizeandstrengthnecessarytomeetpurpose,architectureemploysmethodsofsupportthat,becausetheyarebasedonphysicallaws,havechangedlittlesincepeoplefirstdiscoveredthem-evenwhilebuildingmaterialshavechangeddramatically.Unchangingphysicallawshavelimitedthesizeandstrengthofbuildingsthatcanbemadewithmaterialsdiscoveredlongago.Buildingmaterialshavechangedinordertoincreasearchitecturalsizeandstrength,butphysicallawsofstructurehavenotchanged.Whenpeoplefirststartedtobuild,thestructuralmethodsusedtoprovidestrengthandsizewereinadequatebecausetheywerenotbasedonphysicallaws.Unlikebuildingmaterials,themethodsofsupportusedinarchitecturehavenotchangedovertimebecausetheyarebasedonphysicallaws.20.EstimatesindicatethattheaquifercontainsenoughwatertofillLakeHuron,unfortunately,underthesemiaridclimaticconditionsthatpresentlyexistintheregion,ratesofadditiontotheaquiferareminimal,amountingtoabouthalfacentimeterayear.DespitethecurrentimpressivesizeoftheOgallalaaquifer,theclimatekeepstheratesofwateradditionveryAlthoughtheaquiferhasbeenaddingwaterattherateofonlyhalfacentimeterayear,itwilleventuallyaccumulateenoughwateroffillLakeHuron.Becauseoftheregion’spresentclimaticconditions,waterisbeingaddedeachyeartotheaquifer.Evenwhentheregionexperiencesunfortunateclimaticconditions,theratesofadditionofwatercontinuetoincrease.oforganismsthananenvironmentthatisEcologistsnowthinkoforganismsthananenvironmentthatisEcologistsnowthinkthatthestabilityofanenvironmentisaresultofdiversityratherthanpatchiness.Patchyenvironmentsthatvaryfromplacetoplacedonotoftenhavehighspeciesdiversity.Uniformenvironmentscannotbeclimaxcommunitiesbecausetheydonotsupportasmanytypesoforganismsaspatchyenvironments.Apatchyenvironmentisthoughttoincreasestabilitybecauseitisabletosupportawidevarietyoforganisms.22.Perhaps,likemanycontemporarypeoples,UpperPaleolithicmenandbelievedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathofinjury,andifthatwereindeedtheirbelief,itmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.drewahumanimageintheircaveart,itwouldcausedeathorinjury.Manycontemporarypeoplebelievethatthedrawingofahumanimagecancausedeathorinjury,sothey,likeUpperPaleolithicpeople,rarelydepictedhumanfiguresintheircaveart.IfUpperPaleolithicpeople,likemanycontemporarypeoples,believedthatthedrawingofahumanimagecouldcausedeathorinjury,thisbeliefmightexplainwhyhumanfiguresarerarelydepictedincaveart.Althoughmanycontemporarypeoplesbelievethatthedrawingofahumanimagecancausedeathorinjury,researcherscannotexplainwhyUpperPaleolithic2(1):markedby,consistingof,ordiversifiedwithpatches.(2):irregularinappearance,makeup,orManyecologistsnowthinkthattherelativelong-termstabilityofcommunitiescomesnotfromdiversitybutfromthe“patchiness2”ofenvironment,anenvironmentthatvariesfromplacetoplacesupportsmorepeoplerarelydepictedhumanfiguresintheircaveArthurpeoplerarelydepictedhumanfiguresintheircaveArthurEinarsen’slongtimefamilywiththePacificNorthwesthelpedhimdiscoverareaswheredeerhadanincreaseinsuitablebrowse.ArthurEinarsenfoundthatdeforestedfeedinggroundsprovideddeerwithmoreandbetterfood.BiologistlikeEinarsenbelieveitisimportanttofindadditionalopenareaswithsuitablebrowsefordeertoinhabit.AccordingtoEinarsen,huckleberryandvinemapleareexamplesofvegetationthatmaysomedayimprovethenutritionofdeerintheopenareasofthePacific24.Continuedsedimentation—theprocessofdeposits'settlingontheseaburiestheorganicmatterandsubjectsittohighertemperaturesandpressures,whichconverttheorganicmattertooilandgas.Highertemperaturesandpressurespromotesedimentation,whichisresponsibleforpetroleumformation.Depositsofsedimentsontopoforganicmatterincreasethetemperatureofandpressureonthematter.Increasepressureandheatfromtheweightofthesedimentturntheorganicremainsintopetroleum.Theremainsofmicroscopicorganismstransformintopetroleumoncetheyareburiedundermud.Inadditiontofindinganincreaseofsuitablebrowse,likehuckleberryandmaple,ArthurEinarsen,longtimegamebiologistinthePacificNorthwest,qualityofbrowseintheopenareastobesubstantiallymorearea,(suchasanarea,(suchasanabandonedmineoranirrigationpondcontaminatedbyBeforeconsideringphytoremediation,hyperaccumulatingspeciesoflocaltothetargetareamustbeTheinvestigationbeginswithanevaluationoftoxicsitesinthetargetareatodeterminetheextentofcontamination.Thefirststepinphytoremediationistheplantingofhyperaccumulatingplantsintheareatobecleanedup.Minesandirrigationpondscanbekeptfrombecomingcontaminatedbyplantinghyperaccumulatingspeciesintargetedareas.26.Atonetime,theanimalspresentinthesefossilbedswereassignedtomodernanimalgroups,butmostpaleontologistsnowagreethatallTommotianfossilsrepresentuniquebodyformsthataroseintheearlyCambrianperiodanddisappearedbeforetheendoftheperiod,leavingnodescendantsinmodernanimalgroups.TheanimalsfoundintheTommotianfossilbedwereoncethoughttobelongavarietyofmodernanimalgroups,butnowtheyarethoughttohavedescendedfromasinglegroup.AnimalsintheTommotianfossilbedswereinitiallyassignedtomodernanimalgroupsbutarenowthoughttobelongtogroupsthatemergedanddiedoutduringtheCambrianperiod.Thoughatfirsttheythoughtotherwise,paleontologistsnowagreethattheanimalsintheTommotianhavebodyformsfromwhichmodernanimalshaveItisunclearwhethertheTommotianfossilsfromtheearlyCambrianrepresentuniquebodyformsorwhethertheyshouldbeassignedtovariousmodernanimalgroups.27.ContrarytotheargumentsofsomethatmuchofthepacificwassettledThisscenariobeginswiththeplantingofhyperaccumulatingspeciesinthefullystockedwithfoodanddomesticatedplantsandanimals.SomepeoplehavearguedthatthePacificwassettledbytraderswholostwhiletransportingdomesticatedplantsandTheoriginalPolynesiansettlerswereprobablymaroonedontheislands,buttheymayhavebeenjoinedlaterbycarefullypreparedcolonizationexpeditions.outfullystocked,thisiscontradictedbymuchoftheevidence.ThesettlementofthePacificislandswasprobablyintentionalandwellplannedratherthanaccidentalassomepeoplehaveproposed.28.Physiologicalimmaturitymaybepartofwhyinfantsandtoddlersdonotextremelyenduringmemories,evenwhentheyhearstoriesthatpromotesuchrememberinginpreschoolers.doesnotimprovelong-termmemoryininfantsandtoddlersOnereasonwhypreschoolersfailtocomprehendthestoriestheyhearisthattheyarephysiologicallyimmatureGiventhechancetohearstories,infantsandtoddlersmayformenduringmemoriesdespitephysiologicalimmaturity．Physiologicallymaturechildrenseemtohavenodifficultyrememberingstoriestheyheardaspreschoolers．Onlythelastofthesewassuitedatalltothecontinuousoperatingof[andalthoughwaterpoweraboundedinLancashireandScotlandandranmillsaswellastextilemills,]ithadonegreatdisadvantage:streamsflowednatureintendedthemtoandwater-drivenfactorieshadtobelocatedonbankswhetherornotthelocationwasdesirableforother○Runningwaterwasthebestpowersource○RunningwaterwasthebestpowersourceforfactoriessinceitcouldmachinesoperatingcontinuouslybutsinceitwasabundantonlyinLancashireScotland,mostmillsandfactoriesthatwerelocatedelsewherecouldnotbewaterThedisadvantageofusingwaterpoweristhatstreamsdonotnecessarilyflowinplacesthatarethemostsuitableforfactorieswhichexplainswhysomanywater—poweredgrainandtextilemillswerelocatedinundesirableplaces.Sincemachinescouldbeoperatedcontinuouslyonlywhererunningwaterwasabundant,grainandtextilemillsaswellasotherfactoriestendedtobelocatedonlyinLancashireandScotland．Runningwaterwastheonlysourceofpowerthatwassuitableforthecontinuousoperationofmachines,buttomakeuseofitfactorieshadtobelocatedwherethewaterwas,regardlessofwhethersuchlocationsmadesenseotherwise.30.Butasmoreandmoreaccumulationsofstratawerecatalogedinmoreandtoregionandthatnorocktypewasevergoingtobecomeareliabletimemarkerthroughouttheworld．Thediscoveryofregionaldifferencesinthesequencesofrocksledgeologiststobelievethatrocktypescouldsomedaybecomereliabletimemarkers．Carefulanalysisofstratarevealedthatrockscannotestablishgeologicaltimebecausethepatternofrocklayersvariesfromplacetoplace．Smith'scatalogsofrockstrataindicatedthatthesequencesofrocksaredifferentfromplacetoplaceandfromregiontoregion．believedthatrockscouldneverbereliabletimemarkers31.LikethestoneofRomanwall,[whichwereheldtogetherbothbytheregularitythedesignandbythatpeculiarlypowerfulRomancement,]sothevariouspartsoftheRomanrealmwerebondedintoamassive,monolithicentity[byphysical,organizational,andpsychologicalcontrols.]TheregularityandpowerofstonewallsinspiredTheregularityandpowerofstonewallsinspiredRomansattemptingtounifythepartsoftheirrealm.AlthoughtheRomansuseddifferenttypesofdesignswhenbuildingtheirwalls,theyusedregularcontrolstomaintaintheirrealm.SeveraltypesofcontrolunitedtheRomanrealm,justasdesignandcementheldRomanwallstogether.Romansbuiltwallstounitethevariouspartsoftheirrealmintoasingleentity,whichwascontrolledbypowerfullaws.32.UnlikeintheAmericas,wheremetallurgywasaverylateandlimitedAfricanshadironfromarelativelyearlydate,developingingeniousfurnacestoproducethehighheatneededforproductionandtocontroltheamountofairthatreachedthecarbonandironorenecessaryformakingiron.WhileAmericanironmakersdevelopedthelatestfurnaces,Africanironmakerscontinuedusingearliertechniques. technologicallysophisticatedheatingsystems.IronmakingdevelopedearlierinAfricathanintheAmericasbecauseofthereadyavailabilityofcarbonandironore.BothAfricaandtheAmericasdevelopedthecapacityformakingironearly,butAfricanmetallurgydevelopedataslowerrate.spectacularlybackintotheThestraitofGibraltarreopenedwhentheMediterraneanandtheAtlanticbecameconnectedandthecascadesofwaterfromoneseatotheothercausedcrustaladjustmentsandfaulting.Asaresultofcrustaladjustmentsandfaulting,theStraitofGibraltar,【wheretheMediterraneannowconnectstotheAtlantic,】opened,andwaterTheMediterraneanwasdramaticallyrefilledbywaterfromtheAtlanticTheMediterraneanwasdramaticallyrefilledbywaterfromtheAtlanticwhencrustaladjustmentsandfaultingopenedtheStraitofGibraltar,theplacewherethetwoseasarejoined.ThecascadesofwaterfromtheAtlantictotheMediterraneanwerenotasspectacularasthecrustaladjustmentsandfaultingthatoccurredwhentheStraitofGibraltarwasconnectedtothoseseas.AsaresultofcrustaladjustmentsandfaultingandthecreationoftheStraitofGibraltar,theAtlanticandMediterraneanwereconnectedandbecameasingleseawithspectacularcascadesofwaterbetweenthem.34.Manyplantsandanimalsdisappearabruptlyfromthefossilrecordasonefromlayersofrock【documentingtheendoftheCretaceous]upinto【representingthebeginningoftheCenozoic3(theeraaftertheMesozoic4)】ThefossilrecordsuggeststhattherewasanabruptextinctionofmanyplantsandanimalsattheendoftheMesozoicera.FewfossilsoftheMesozoicerahavesurvivedintherocksthatmarktheendoftheCretaceous.Fossils[fromtheCretaceousperiodoftheMesozoicuptothebeginningoftheCenozoicera]havebeenremovedfromthelayersofrockthatsurroundedthem.PlantsandanimalsfromtheMesozoicerawereunabletosurviveintheCenozoicera.35.ButdetractorsmaintainthattheterracescouldalsohavebeencreatednothingwhatevertodowithMartianButdetractorsarguethatgeologicalactivitymayberesponsibleforthewaterassociatedwiththeterraces.34geologicalactivity,【perhapsrelatedtothegeologicforcesthatdepressedtheNorthernHemispherefarbelowthelevelofthesouth,inwhichcasetheyhaveButdetractorsarguethattheterracesmayButdetractorsarguethattheterracesmayhavebeenformedbygeologicalactivityratherthanbythepresenceofwater.ButdetractorsarguethattheterracesmayberelatedtogeologicalforcesintheNorthernHemisphereofMars,ratherthantoMartianwaterinthesouth.ButdetractorsarguethatgeologicalforcesdepressedtheNorthernHemispheresofarbelowthelevelofthesouththattheterracescouldnothavebeenformedby36.Fladmark'shypothesisreceivedadditionalsupportfromthefactthatthediversityinNativeAmericanlanguagesoccursalongthewestcoastoftheAmericans,suggestingthatthisregionhasbeensettledthelongest.Becausethisregionhasbeensettledthelongest,italsodisplaysthegreatestdiversityinNativeAmericanlanguages.Fladmark'shypothesisstatesthatthewestcoastoftheAmericashasbeensettledlongerthananyotherregion.ThefactthatthegreatestdiversityofNativeAmericanlanguagesoccursalongthewestcoastoftheAmericanslendsstrengthtoFradmark'shypothesis.AccordingtoFladmark,NativeAmericanlanguageshavesurvivedthelongestalongthewestcoastoftheAmericas.37.Thereappeartobemanyunexploredmattersaboutthemotivationtoforexample,thevalue【ofexternallymotivatedreflectionasopposedtothatof【teacherswhomightreflectbyhabit.】Thepracticeofbeingreflectiveisnolongersimplyahabitamongteachersbutsomethingthatisexternallymotivated.Mostteachersneedtoexplorewaystoformthehabitofreflectionevenwhennoexternalmotivationexists.Manyaspectsofthemotivationtoreflecthavenotbeenstudied,includingthecomparativebenefitsofexternallymotivatedandhabitualreflectionamongTherehasnotbeenenoughexplorationofwhyteachersTherehasnotbeenenoughexplorationofwhyteacherspracticereflectionasahabitwithorwithoutexternalmotivationtheearliestlivingthings【thatbuiltcommunitiesonislands】areexamplesofsymbiosis,【aphenomenonthatdependsupontheclosecooperationoftwoormoreformsoflifeandaprinciplethatisveryimportantinislandcommunities.】Someoftheearliestimportantexamplesofsymbiosis-theclosecooperationoftwoormorelivingthings-occurinislandcommunities.Symbiosis-theclosecooperationofpairsorsmallgroupsoflivingorganisms-isespeciallyimportantintheseislandenvironments.Thefirstorganismsontheseislandsworkedtogethercloselyinarelationshipknownassymbiosis,whichisparticularlyimportantonislands.Itissignificanttonotethatorganismsinthebeginningstagesofthedevelopmentofislandlifecannotsurvivewithoutclosecooperation.39.Thetraditionofreligioussculptureextendsovermosthistoricalperiodsbutisclearlydelineatedthanthatofstonewaresorporcelains,foritembraces（包含【theoldcustomofearthenwareburialceramics】with【laterreligiousimagesandarchitecturalornament.】Whilestonewaresandporcelainsarefoundthroughoutmosthistoricalperiods,religioussculptureislimitedtotheancientperiod.X比較Religioussculpturewascreatedinmostperiods,butitshistoryislessclearthanthatofstonewaresorporcelainsbecausesomeoldformscontinuedtobeusedevenwhennewonesweredeveloped.remaineduniforminformanduse.XThehistoricaldevelopmentofreligioussculptureisrelativelyunclearbecausereligioussculpturessometimesresembleearthenwarearchitecturalornaments.Itissign