UnitFiveChoosetoBeAloneonPurposeNewWords&Expressions1.solitary

(L6)

alone;lonely;withoutcompanions

Collocation

asolitaryexistenceapoorandsolitarylifeasolitaryboatasolitarystroll

隱居生活孤苦伶仃的生活孤舟單獨徜徉l(xiāng)onely,alone,desolate,lone,solitary

這些形容詞均有“孤單的，寂寞的〞之意。

lonely：強調(diào)孤獨感，含“渴望和他人在一起〞的意味。alone：普通用詞，指單獨一人的狀態(tài)，有時含孤寂之意。desolate：語氣強烈，強調(diào)遭受損失和失去親人所帶來的難以忍受的痛苦。lone：較文雅，可與lonely換用。solitary：可指因被遺忘或遺棄而產(chǎn)生的孤獨感，也可指人的生性孤僻。Hefelt______afterheburiedhisgoodfriend.埋葬了好友之后，他感到很孤獨。Shehaslived______inthishouseforalmostfiveyearsnow...她已在這所房子里單獨住了近5年。Hewas_______withouther.沒有她，他感到孤獨而凄涼。Theyoftenhavealonelyand_______lifetolead.他們常常過一種獨居的孤獨生活。lonelyalonedesolatesolitary2.tame

vt:makesb.orsth.easytocontrol制服trainananimalorbirdnottobeafraidofhumansandtobeobedient馴化，馴服TranslationAgroupofpolicemenwascalledouttotamethecrowds.一隊警察被叫來制服人群。

It’shardtotameatiger.馴服老虎很難。tamern.馴獸員Association1)tamea.(esp.ofanimals)notwildorfierce,eithernaturallyorbecauseoftraining馴化的atametiger經(jīng)過馴養(yǎng)的老虎

2.

commodity

n.

①

sth.thatisusefulornecessaryTimeisthemostvaluablecommoditythatwepossess.時間是我們擁有的最有價值的東西。WordsandExpressions—WordUsing

TranslationKey2.

commodity

n.

②

asubstanceorproductthatcanbeboughtorsoldCommodityboomdepartednearlyasquicklyasitarrived.商品繁榮來得快去得也快。WordsandExpressions—WordUsing

TranslationKey3.

creep

vi.

tomoveslowlyandquietlyJohnwouldcreepintothegallerytolistentothesingers.WordsandExpressions—WordUsing

約翰會悄悄溜進樓座去聽歌手唱歌。TranslationKey4.

dictate

v.

①tosaysth.forsb.elsetowritedownShe’sdictatingalettertohersecretaryrightnow.Theteacherdictatedapassagetotheclass.

她現(xiàn)在正在給秘書口述一封信。

老師讓班上的學(xué)生聽寫了一篇文章。WordsandExpressions—WordUsing

TranslationKey4.

dictate(sth.)tosb.

v.

②totellsb.exactlywhattodoorhowtobehaveWordsandExpressions—WordUsing

TranslationKeyYoucan’tdictatetopeoplehow

theyshouldlive.

Irefusetobedictatedtobyhim.

不能強行規(guī)定人們應(yīng)該怎樣生活。我拒絕聽從他的指使。Consciencedictatestruthfulness.良心促使人吐真言。3)humblea.:notproud謙遜的，謙虛的notgreatorimportant地位低下的，不顯要的Collocationscientistpositionapologybirthfarmhousehumble謙虛的科學(xué)家卑微的地位低聲下氣的的抱歉出身卑微簡陋的農(nóng)舍modest,humble

這兩個形容詞都有“謙恭的〞之意。

modest：含義廣泛，指行為或態(tài)度等方面不自大、不虛榮、不傲慢不武斷和不自負。

humble：指精神和行為上的謙遜。褒義指對自己或自己的成就不驕傲；貶義指過低地評價自己，對人低聲下氣。Hegaveagreatperformance,buthewasvery_______.

他的表演非常出色，但他卻很謙虛。Be______inlearning,forcomplacencyistheenemyofstudy.

學(xué)習(xí)要虛心，自滿是敵人。humble

modest6.

apology

n.awordorstatementtosayyouaresorryforhavingdonesth.wrongorforupsettingsb.demandanapologyacceptone’sapologyowesb.anapologymakeanapology要求抱歉接受某人的抱歉應(yīng)向某人抱歉作出抱歉WordsandExpressions—WordUsing

psychologybiologysociologytechnologyCollocation近形詞7.

-proof

protectingagainstthedamagingeffectofsth.elsewaterproofwatchesabulletproofcarasoundproofroomairproofpipesproviderisk-proofservices防水手表防彈汽車隔音的房間密封的管道提供風(fēng)險防范效勞WordsandExpressions—WordUsing

Collocation4)slipperya.:一直下著雨，路上很滑。Ithadbeenrainingandtheroadwasslippery.TranslationAssociationslip(away)

v.滑倒；跌落，降低slipper

n.拖鞋5)chokev.:Angerchokedhiswords.becomeunabletospeak說不出話來stoporpartlystopbreathing窒息Translation他氣得說不出話來。Hegrabbedherbythethroatandalmostchokedthelifeoutofher.他抓住她的脖子，差點使她窒息而死。choke(up)with:blockorfillapassage,space,etc.sothatmovementisdifficultCollocationDuringtherushhour,theroadareusuallychokedupwithtraffic.在交通頂峰時刻，道路通常被堵塞。TranslationPhrasesandExpressions

1.onpurpose

intentionally;notbyaccidentTranslation她似乎是有意地做這些事以引起他的注意。KeySheseemstodothesethingsonpurposetoattracthisattention.onpurpose

intentionally;notbyaccidentTranslationIcamehereonpurposetoseeyou.我特意到這兒來看你的。onspecialpurpose.ongood/illpurpose.onnopurpose.Oneoftherolesthatscienceplaysisthatofcastingoutsuperstition.

2.castout:(lit.)getridof;driveoutoraway;expel,esp.byusingforceTranslation科學(xué)的作用之一就是消除迷信。Informertimes,criminalswereoftencastoutandhadtoliveinthewild.以前的時候，罪犯經(jīng)常會被放逐而生活在野外。becastoutofone’soffice被迫下臺〔下野〕castsb.outofthefrontier驅(qū)逐出境。tocastoutone’swife休妻3.speakhighlyof

贊揚；高度評價Examples Thestudentsspeakhighlyoftheirteacher.Don’tspeakillofothers.說壞話Stopspeakinghardlyofher!Afterall,sheisnotthatbadasyouhaveimagined.把…說得很壞

Abroad-mindedpersonneverspeaksevilofothers.誹謗4.toseekout

找出；挑出Toseekouteasyworkandshirkhardones.拈輕怕重。Howcanweseekoutareallygoodpersonforthejob?我們怎能找到一個真正適當(dāng)?shù)娜藖碜鲞@項工作？5.setforth

動身；闡述OtherusageExampleHesetforthonathree-monthtriparoundtheworld.

clarify,expound,illustrate.闡述tosetforthfactsandreasonthingsout.擺事實，講道理。Tosetforthone’sidea/ground/viewpoint.6.stretchout延伸；綿延；伸直；滿足需要

Youcanenjoytheextraordinarysightunbrokencloudplainsthatstretchoutbeforeyou.你可以欣賞展現(xiàn)于面前一望無邊的奇特云海。Moirastretchedherselfoutonthelowerbench.莫伊拉在較矮的長椅上躺下了。Hewasabouttostretchouthishandtograbme.他正要伸手抓我。7.backup

阻塞；支持Translation①Theheavyrainbackedup大雨把下水道堵塞了.②Hebackedmeupintheelection.

在選舉中他全力支持我。thesewerswhole-heartedly

8.atlength

詳細地；最后。ExamplesTypical①Don’tdiscusstheprojectatexcessivelength.②Atlengththebusarrived,fortyminuteslate.ThegreatestromanceIcanimagineistoageallthewaywithyouandpickupbitsandpiecesofjoyforustotalkaboutatlengthintheeasy-chair.9.inline

成一直線；一致；協(xié)調(diào)；有秩序

TranslationDon'tpushin;waitinlinelikeeveryoneelse.別擠進來，要像大家一樣挨個兒排隊。Thenewproposalisinlinewithourgeneralprinciple.新建議和我們總的原那么是一致的。10.settledown定居；〔使〕安靜下來；平息；落到地面上來TranslationWe'llgoandsettledownwhereconditionsarehardest.哪里艱苦哪安家。Heshouldgetahouseandsettledown.他應(yīng)該買幢房子安定下來。OnedayI'llwanttosettledownandhaveafamily...總有一天，我會想安定下來，成個家。11.forthetimebeing

暫且；權(quán)；權(quán)時TranslationShe'sstayingwithherauntforthetimebeing.她暫時住在她姨媽那里。Let'sputupashedhereforthetimebeing.我們暫時在這里搭個棚吧。Let'sputthematterasideforthetimebeing.這事以后再說。12.mightaswell

阻塞；支持TranslationWemightaswellhaveanothertalkwithhim.不妨同他再談一次。Sinceyouhavestartedthejob,youmightaswellfinishit.既然你開了頭，索性把它做完吧。Aftersweepingthecourtyard,wemightaswellcleantherooms.我們掃完院子，順手把房間也掃一掃。ChoosetoBeAloneonPurposeChoosetoBeAloneonPurposePara.1Hereweare,allbyourselves,all22millionofusbyrecentcount,aloneinourrooms,someofuslikingitthatwayandsomeofusnot.Someofusdivorced,somewidowed,someneveryetcommitted.下一頁Back

TextPara.2

Lonelinessmaybeasortofnationaldiseasehere,andit’smoreembarrassingforustoadmitthananyothersin.On

the

other

hand,tobealoneon

purpose,havingrejectedcompanyratherthanbeencast

outbyit,isonecharacteristicofanAmericanhero.Thesolitaryhunterorexplorerneedsnooneastheyventureoutamongthedeerandwolvestotamethegreatwildareas.Thoreau,aloneinhiscabinonthepond,hisbackdeliberatelyturnedtothetown.Now,that’scharacterforyou.

下一頁上一頁BackPara.3

Inspirationinsolitudeisamajorcommodityforpoetsandphilosophers.They’reall

for

it.Theyallspeak

highly

ofthemselvesforseekingitout,atleastforanhouroreventwobeforetheyhurryhomefortea.

下一頁上一頁BackPara.4ConsiderDorothyWordsworth,forinstance,helpingherbrotherWilliamputonhiscoat,findinghisnotebookandpencilforhim,andwavingashesetsforthintotheearlyspringsunlighttolookatflowersallbyhimself.“Howgraceful,howbenign,issolitude,〞hewrote.Para.5Nodoubtaboutit,solitudeisimprovedbybeingvoluntary.下一頁上一頁BackPara.6

LookatMilton’sdaughtersarranginghiscushionsandblanketsbeforetheysilentlycreepaway,sohecancreatepoetry.Then,ratherthantroubletoputitinhisownhandwriting,hecallsthegirlstocomebackandwriteitdownwhilehedictates.下一頁上一頁BackPara.7

Youmayhavenoticedthatmostoftheseartistictypeswentoutdoorstobealone.Theindoorswasfulloflovedoneskeepingthekettlewarmtilltheycamehome.Para.8TheAmericanhighpriestofsolitudewasThoreau.Weadmirehim,notforhisself-reliance,butbecausehewasallbyhimselfoutthereatWaldenPond,andhewantedtobe.Allaloneinthewoods.下一頁上一頁BackPara.9

Actually,helivedamile,or20minutes’walk,fromhisnearestneighbor;halfamilefromtherailroad;threehundredyardsfromabusyroad.Hehadcompanyinandoutofthehutallday,askinghimhowhecouldpossiblybesonoble.Apparentlythemainpointofhisnobilitywasthathehadneitherwifenorservants,usedhisownaxetochophisownwood,andwashedhisowncupsandsaucers.Idon’tknowwhodidhislaundry;hedoesn’tsay,buthecertainlydoesn’tmentiondoinghisown,either.Listentohim:“Ineverfoundthecompanionthatwassocompanionableassolitude.〞下一頁上一頁BackPara.10

Thoreauhadhisownself-importanceforcompany.Perhapsthere’samessagehere.Thelargertheego,thelesstheneedforotheregosaround.Themoremodestandhumblewefeel,themorewesufferfromsolitude,feelingourselvesinadequatecompany.

下一頁上一頁BackPara.11a

Ifyoulivewithotherpeople,theirtemporaryabsencecanberefreshing.SolitudewillendonThursday.IftodayIuseasingularpersonalpronountorefertomyself,nextweekIwillusethepluralform.Whiletheothersareabsentyoucanstretchoutyoursouluntilitfillsupthewholeroom,anduseyourfreedom,comingandgoingasyoupleasewithoutapology,stayinguplatetoread,soakinginthebath,eatingawholepintoficecreamatonesitting,movingatyourownpace.

下一頁上一頁BackPara.11b

Thoseabsentwillbeback.Theirwaterproofwintercoatsareintheclosetandthedogkeepswatchingforthematthewindow.Butwhenyoulivealone,thetemporaryabsenceofyourfriendsandacquaintancesleavesavacuum;theymaynevercomeback.下一頁上一頁BackPara.12

Theconditionoflonelinessrisesandfalls,buttheneedtotalkgoesonforever.It’smorebasicthanneedingtolisten.Oh,weallhavefriendswecantellimportantthingsto,peoplewecancalltosay

welostourjoborfellonaslipperyfloorandbrokeourarm.It’sthedailysuccessionofsmallcomplaintsandobservationsandopinionsthatbacksupandchokesus.Wecan’treallycallafriendtosaywegotaparcelfromoursister,orit’sgettingdarkearliernow,orwedon’ttrustthatnewSupremeCourtjustice.

下一頁上一頁BackPara.13a

Scientificsurveysshowthatwewholivealonetalkat

lengthtoourselvesandourpetsandthetelevision.Weaskthecatwhetherweshouldwearthebluesuitortheyellowdress.Weasktheparrotifweshouldpreparesteak,ornoodlesfordinner.Wearguewithourselvesoverwhoisthegreatersportsman:thatfigureskaterorthisskier.

下一頁上一頁BackPara.13b

There’snothingwrongwiththis.It’sgoodforus,andalotlessembarrassingthanthewomaninfrontofusin

lineatthemarketwho’stellingthecashierthatherniece

MelissamaybecomingtovisitonSaturday,andMelissaisveryfond

ofhotchocolate,whichiswhysheboughtthepowderedhotchocolatemix,thoughsheneverdrinksitherself.

Para.14It’simportanttostayrational.

下一頁上一頁BackPara.15

It’simportanttostopwaitingandsettledownandmakeourselvescomfortable,atleasttemporarily,andfindsomegraceandpleasureinourcondition,notlikeaself-centeredBritishpoetbutlikeapatientprincesssealedupinatower,waitingforthehappyendingtoourfairytale.Para.16

Afterall,hereweare.Itmaynotbewhereweexpectedtobe,butforthetimebeingwemightaswellcallithome.Anyway,thereisnoplacelikehome.上一頁BackText幻燈片37返有意選擇獨處Para.1事實如此，我們孤獨無伴地生活著。據(jù)最近的統(tǒng)計，共有2,200萬人獨自生活在自己的屋里。其中有些人喜歡這種生活，有些卻不是。有些離了婚，有些鰥寡無伴，也有些從未結(jié)過婚。

TextPara.2孤獨或許是這里的一種民族弊病，它比起其他任何過錯更加令人難以啟齒。而另一方面，成心選擇獨處，拒絕別人的陪伴而非為同伴所拋棄，這正是美國式英雄的一個特點。孤獨的獵人，孤獨的探險者，在鹿群和狼群中間冒險，去征服廣袤的荒野，這時他們并不需要有人陪伴。梭羅獨居在湖畔的小屋，有意拋棄了城市生活。現(xiàn)在，這成了你的個性。返回TextPara.3

獨處的靈感是詩人和哲學(xué)家最有用的東西。他們都贊成獨處，都因能夠獨處而自視甚高，至少在他們匆匆忙忙趕回家喝茶之前的一兩個小時之內(nèi)是如此。

返回TextPara.4就拿多蘿西·華茲華斯來說吧，她幫她兄弟威廉穿上外衣，為他找到筆記本和鉛筆，向他揮手辭別，目送著他走進早春的陽光去單獨對花沉思。他寫道：“獨處多么優(yōu)閑,美妙。〞Para.5

毫無疑問，如果自愿獨處，那么感覺要好得多。返回TextPara.6

瞧瞧彌爾頓的女兒們：她們?yōu)樗麥蕚浜脡|子和毯子，然后躡手躡腳地走開，以便他能創(chuàng)作詩歌。然而他并不自己費心將詩歌寫下來，而是喚回女兒們，向她們口述，由她們寫下來。返回Text返回TextPara.9實際上，他最近的鄰居離他只有一英里，走路也就20分鐘；鐵路離他半英里；交通繁忙的大路距他300碼。整天都有人進出他的小屋，請教他何以能夠如此高潔。顯然，他的高潔之處主要在于：他既沒有妻子也沒有仆人，自己動手用斧頭砍柴，自己洗杯碟。我不知道誰為他洗衣服，他沒說，但是他也肯定沒提到是他自己洗的。聽聽他是這么說的：“我發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有任何同伴比獨處更好。〞返回TextPara.10梭羅以自尊自重為伴。也許這里的啟示是：自我意識越強，就越不需要其他的人在周圍。我們越是感覺謙卑，就越受孤獨的折磨，感到僅與自己相處遠遠不夠。

返回TextPara.11a

假設(shè)與別人同住，你會在與他們小別時感覺耳目一新。孤獨將會于星期四結(jié)束。如果今天我提到自己時使用的是單數(shù)人稱代詞，那么下星期我就會使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。其他人不在的時候你可以放飛你的靈魂，讓它充滿整個房間。你可以充分享受自由。你可以隨意來去而無需抱歉。你可以熬夜讀書、大泡浴缸、坐下一口氣吃掉整整一品脫的雪糕。你可以按自己的節(jié)奏行動。返回TextPara.11b暫別的人會回來。他們的冬季防水大衣還放在衣櫥里，狗也在窗邊密切留意他們歸來的身影。但如果你單獨居住，那么朋友或熟人的暫時離別會使你感到空虛，也許他們永遠也不會回來了。

返回TextPara.12孤獨的感覺時起時落，但我們卻永遠需要與人交談。這比需要傾聽更重要。噢，我們都有朋友，可以把大事要事向他們傾訴。我們可以打?qū)λ麄冋f我們丟了工作，或者說我們在濕滑的地板上摔倒了，跌斷了胳膊。但是每日不斷發(fā)生的瑣碎抱怨，看到的和想到的瑣事，卻積在那兒，塞滿了我們的心。我們不會真打給一位朋友，告訴他我們收到了姐姐的一個包裹，或者說現(xiàn)在天黑得比較早，或者說我們不信任最高法院新來的法官。返回TextPara.13a科學(xué)調(diào)查說明，獨居的人會對著自己，對著寵物，對著電視機嘮叨不休。我們問貓兒今天該穿藍色套裝還是黃色裙裝，問鸚鵡今天晚餐該做牛排還是面條。我們跟自己爭論那個把戲滑冰選手和這個滑雪運發(fā)動到底誰更了不起。返回TextPara.13b這沒什么不妥，也對我們有好處，而且不像有些人那么令人為難：在超市付款處，排在前面的女人告訴收銀員，她的侄女梅莉莎星期六可能會來看她。梅莉莎非常喜愛熱巧克力，所以她買了速溶熱巧克力粉，雖然她自己從來不喝這東西。Para.14重要的是保持理性。返回幻燈片49TextPara.15重要的是不再等待，而是安排下來，使自己過得舒服，至少暫時要這樣。要在我們自身的條件下發(fā)現(xiàn)一些優(yōu)雅和樂趣，不要做一個以自我為中心的英國詩人，而要像一個被關(guān)在塔樓里的公主，耐心地等待著我們的童話故事進入快樂的結(jié)局。

Para.16

畢竟，事已至此，這或許不是我們所期望的局面，但眼下我們不妨稱之為家吧。不管怎么說,沒有什么地方比家還好。返回bycountbycalculatingthenumberofunitsinagroupe.g.我統(tǒng)計了一下，有270人出席。Bymycountthereare270peoplepresent.我們數(shù)了一下，這是你吃的第五塊蛋糕。Byourcountthat’sthefifthcakeyou’veeaten.中文名：亨利·戴維·梭羅外文名：HenryDavidThoreau國籍：美國出生地：馬薩諸塞州康科德城出生日期：1817年7月12日逝世日期：1862年5月6日職業(yè)：作家、哲學(xué)家畢業(yè)院校：哈佛大學(xué)代表作品：?瓦爾登湖?，?論公民的不服從權(quán)利?beforsupport;beinfavorofe.g.“I’mallforsexualequalitybutIdon’twantmywifetowork,"saidtheman.我贊成主席的方案。I’mforthechairman’splan.nodoubt

很可能；無疑地；固然

Nodoubtyouarewrong.

我想你是錯的。There'snodoubtabouthersuitabilityforthejob.毫無疑問，她適合這項工作。Therewasnodoubtthathewasafinescholar.毫無疑問，他是位杰出的學(xué)者。Para.9Line31PeoplecameinandoutofThoreau‘shutallday,astheywantedtoknowhowhecouldlivesuchisolatedyetself-contentlife.Para.9line37Listentowhathesays:“solitudecanbeaspleasanttobewithasacompanion.〞Para.10line39

Thoreau’slifewasself-content;heenjoysbeingalone.Para.10line39Perhapsherethemostimportantideais:Ifapersonhas