英語語言學(xué)練習(xí)----語用學(xué)一、Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.contextualviewisoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.(

)isrelatedtoandalsodifferentfromsemantics.(

)notionofcontextisnotimportanttothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.(

)utterancestaketheformofsentences.(

)acttheorywasproposedbytheBritishphilosopherJohnAustininthelate1950s.(

)madeadistinctionbetweenwhathecalled“constatives”and“performatives”.(

)locutionaryactistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexicon,andphonology.(

)theirstudyoflanguagecommunication,linguistsareonlyinterestedinhowaspeakerexpresseshisintentionandpaynoattentiontohowhisintentionisrecognizedbythehearer.(

)areattemptsbythespeakertogetthehearertodosomething.(

)CooperativeprinciplewasproposedbyJohnSearle.(

)arefourmaximsundertheCooperativeprinciple.(

)violationsofthemaximsmakeourlanguageindirect.(

)theutterancestaketheformofsentences.(

)thoughtthatstatingwasalsoakindofact,andthatwecanperformwithlanguage.(

)tothespeechacttheory,whenwearespeakingalanguage,wearedoingsomething,orinotherwordsperformingacts;andtheprocessoflinguisticcommunicationconsistsofasequenceofacts.(

)theactsthatbelongtothesamecategoryactsharethesamepurposeorthesameillocutionaryact,andtheyarethesameintheirstrengthorforce.(

)theutterancesthatcanbemadetoservethesamepurposemayvaryinthesyntacticform.(

)participantsnearlyalwaysobservetheCPandthemaximsoftheCP.(

)sentenceisgrammaticalconcept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedastheabstractintrinsicpropertyofthesentenceitselfintermsofapredication.(

)isbasedonsentencemeaning,itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunicationorsimplyinacontext.(

)theprocessofcommunicationisessentiallyaprocessofconveyingmeaninginacertaincontext,pragmaticscanalsoberegardedasakindofmeaningstudy.(

)linguistsfoundthatitwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftconsidered.essentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.(

)thesharedknowledgebothbythespeakerandthehearer,linguisticcommunicationwouldnotbepossible,andwithoutconsideringsuchknowledge,linguisticcommunicationcannotbesatisfactorilyaccountedforinasemanticsense.(

)perlocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.(

)toPaulGrice’sidea,inmakingconversation,theparticipantsmustfirstofallbewillingtocooperate,otherwise,itwouldnotbepossibleforthemtocarryonthetalk.(

)illocutionaryactistheconsequenceoforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

【Keys】:1.T

2.T

11.T

16.F

17.T

21.T

26.T

27.F二、Filleachoffollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.1.Thesharedknowledgewhichconstitutescontextisoftwotypes;theknowledgeofthel________theyuse,andtheknowledgeaboutthew_______,includingthegeneralknowledgeabouttheworldandspecificknowledgeaboutthesituationinwhichlinguisticcommunicationistakingplace.2.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesanu________,anditshouldbeconsideredinthesituationinwhichitisactuallyused.3.TheideaofPaulGriceisthatinmakingconversation,theparticipantsmustfirstofallbewillingtoc_______,otherwise,itwouldbeimpossibleforthemtocarryonthetalk.Thegeneralprincipleiscalledthec________p_________,abbreviatedasCP.4.TherearefourmaximsundertheCP:themaximofquantity,themaximofq_________,themaximofrelationandthemaximofm____________.5.Themaximofrelationrequiresthatwhattheconversationparticipantssaymustber__________.6.Astheprocessofcommunicationisessentiallyaprocessofconveyingmeaninginacertaincontext,p__________canberegardedasakindofmeaningstudy.7.Ifc___________isnotconsidered,thestudyofmeaningisrestrictedtotheareaoftraditionalsemantics.8.Themeaningofanu__________isconcreteandcontext-dependent.9.Ani___________actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention.10.AccordingtoSeale,s__________actsfallintofivegeneralcategories.11.C__________arethosespeechactswhosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction.12.Toasksomeonetopassabookisobviouslyad__________.13.AccordingtoPaulGrice,inmakingc__________theparticipantsmustfirstofallbewillingtocooperate.14.Mostoftheviolationsofthefourmaximsgiverisetoc___________implicatures.15.ThesignificanceofGrice’sc___________principleliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconveymorethanisliterallysaid.【Keys】:1.language,word

2.utterance

3.cooperate,CooperativePrinciple

4.quality,mannar

5.relevant

6.pragmatics

7.context

8.utterance9.illocutionary

10.speech

11.Commissive

12.dirextive

13.conversation

14.conversational

15.Cooperative三、Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.1.__________resultedmainlyfromtheeapansionofthestudyoflinguistics,especiallythatofsemantics.

A.Pragmatics

B.Pragmatism

C.Phonology

D.Practicalism2.Oncethenotionof_________wastakenintoconsideration,semanticsspiiledintopragmatics.

A.meaning

B.context

C.form

D.content3.Ifasentenceisregardedaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomes_______.

A.asentence

B.anact

C.aunit

D.anutterance4.A___________analysisofanutterancewillrevealwhatthespeakerintendstodowithit.

A.semantic

B.syntactic

C.pragmatic

D.grammatical5._______acttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.

A.Speaking

B.Speech

C.Sound

D.Spoken6.______actistheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething.

A.Alocutionary

B.Anillocutionary

C.Aperlocutionary

D.Aspeech7.OneofthecontributionsSearlehasmadeishisclassificationof__________acts.

A.locutionary

B.illocutionary

C.perlocutionary

D.speech8.Theillocutionarypointof__________istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.

A.directives

B.commisives

C.expressives

D.declarations9.Alltheutterancethatcanbemadetoservethesamepurposemayvaryintheir_________form.

A.syntactic

B.semantic

C.grammatical

D.pragmatic10.ThecooperativePrincipleisproposedby________.

A.JohnSearle

B.JohnAustin

C.PaulGrice

D.JohnLyons11.Linguistsfoundthatitwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthe________oflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.

A.brevity

B.context

C.accuracy

D.noneoftheabove12.Ofthethreespeechacts,linguisticaremostinterestedinthe_________.

A.locutionaryact

B.perlocutionaryact

C.illocutionaryact

D.noneoftheabove13.Themaximofquantityrequires:___________.

A.makeyourcontributionadinformativeasrequired.

B.Donotmakecontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.

C.Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.

D.BothAandB.14.Themaximofqualityrequireds:donotsaywhatyoubelievetobe________.

A.false

B.true

C.brief

D.orderly15.MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCPgiveriseto_______.

A.utterancemeaning

B.speechacttheory

C.conversationalimplicatures

D.alloftheabove.16.ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey_________isliterallysaid.

A.morethan

B.lessthan

C.thesameas

D.noneoftheabove.【Keys】:1.A

2.B

3.D

4.C

5.B

6.C

7.B

8.C