中考英語熱點時文閱讀12走近中國歷史人物題型主要內(nèi)容1短文選詞填空講述了諸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。2完形填空介紹了中國歷史上偉大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他對中國教育所做的貢獻及人們對他的評價。3完形填空俞伯牙和鐘子期知音難求的感人故事。4閱讀理解介紹了王維和他的詩《送元二使安西》。5閱讀理解講述了李時珍的人生故事。01根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文完整、正確，并將答案寫在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置（每個詞只能用一次）。fill,through,possible,turned,much,drum,hear,three,these,othersThisisastoryabouttwowisemen—ZhugeLiangandZhouYu.TheChinesepeoplehavebeentellingthestoryformanyyears.Oneday,ZhouYugaveZhugeLiangan____1____task.Heaskedhimtomake100,000arrows(箭)intendays.“Noproblem,”ZhugeLiangsaidatonce.“I’llbringyou100,000arrowsin____2____days.”ZhugeLiangaskedhissoldiers(士兵)to____3____20largeboatswithmanystraw(稻草)men.Ontheearlymorningofthethirdday,healsoaskedthesoldierstosail(航行)theboatstothecampsofCaoCao’sarmyonthe____4____sideoftheriver.Thesoldiersshoutedandbeattheirdrumsloudly.WhenCaoCao’ssoldiers____5____thesounds,theythoughttheywereunderattack(攻擊).However,theycouldnotseeenemies____6____thethickfog(霧)ontheriver.CaoCaoorderedhissoldierstoshootarrowstowardsthesoundsofthe____7____andtheshouting.ZhugeLiang’sboatsweresoonfullofarrows.ZhugeLiang’ssoldiersthen____8____theboatsaroundandshouted,“Thankyouforyourarrows,CaoCao.”ZhugeLiangtookall____9____arrowstoZhouYu.Hefinishedthetasksuccessfully.Therewere____10____than100,000ofthem.ItisthestoryofBorrowArrowswithStrawBoats.02WhoisthegreatestteacherinChinesehistory?YoumaythinkofConfucius(孔子),September28washisbirthday.Althoughhelivedover2,000years___11___,peopletodaystillrememberandrespecthim.ConfuciuslivedintheKingdomofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Hehada___12___childhood.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly3,sohehadto___13___tohelphismother,butyoungConfuciusnever____14____studying.Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersandlearnedmusic,history,poetryandsports.Later,hebecameateacherandstartedthefirstpublicschoolinChina.Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom___15___familiescouldgotoschool,butConfuciusbelievedeveryone___16___gotoschooliftheywantedtolearn.Hehadabout3,000studentsinhislifetime.Today,peoplestill____17____Confucius’lessons.Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy(值得)tobelearned.“WhenIamwiththreepeople,oneofthemmustbebetterthanmeinsome___18___.Ichoosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem.”Healsotaughtusthat___19___isveryimportantinstudy.“Allstudybutnothinkingmakespeoplepuzzled(困惑的).Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeoplelazy.”Confuciusisnotonlyagreatteacher,butalsoafamousthinkerwithwisethoughtsabouttheworldandsociety.Hismostimportantteachingsareabout____20____andgoodmanners.“Apersonshouldbestrictwithhimself,butbekindtoothers.”hesaid.11．A．before B．a(chǎn)go C．a(chǎn)fter D．later12．A．hard B．happy C．simple D．pleasant13．A．study B．write C．sing D．work14．A．gavein B．gaveaway C．gaveup D．gaveout15．A．rich B．poor C．big D．small16．A．could B．might C．must D．should17．A．realize B．influence C．study D．listen18．A．subjects B．periods C．a(chǎn)reas D．places19．A．thinking B．reading C．teaching D．learning20．A．happiness B．kindness C．strictness D．safeness03HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoyaandZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical____21____oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthestory.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,therelivedagreatmusiciannamedYuBoya.Heplayedthemusicalinstrumentguqinverywell.Unluckily,fewpeoplecould____22____hismusic.Oneday,Boyawenttravelingbyboat.Onhisway,hemetwithabig____23____andstoppedtheboatbytheriverside.Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautifulscenery（景色）,hewasvery____24____.Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.Ashewasthrowinghimselfintoplayingmusic,hesuddenlynoticedthat____25____waslisteningtohimbytheriverside.Boyacameouttheoftheboatandsawapersonenjoyinghismusic.ThatpersonwasZhongZiqi.Boya____26____himtohisboatandplayedforhim.Heplayedonetune（曲子）thatdescribedthehighmountainandanotherthatdescribedtherunningwater.ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoyaforhismusical____27____.Boyawasveryexcited,andsaid,“Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!”They____28____thattheywouldmeetagaininthesameplacethenextyear.Thefollowingyear,Boyaarrivedontime,____29____hedidn’tseeZhong.Later,helearnedthatZhonghaddiedofanillness.Boyawassosadthathebrokehisguqinanddecided____30____toplayitagain.Later,theterm“zhiyin”begantobeusedtodescribeaveryclosefriend.21．A．rule B．part C．example D．character22．A．forget B．believe C．realize D．understand23．A．rain B．boat C．instrument D．fish24．A．bored B．excited C．proud D．sad25．A．somebody B．everybody C．a(chǎn)nybody D．nobody26．A．sent B．invited C．refused D．threw27．A．rule B．talent C．journey D．score28．A．a(chǎn)greed B．doubted C．minded D．wondered29．A．if B．so C．but D．because30．A．only B．just C．once D．never04AFarewellSongWangWei①Nodustisraisedontheroadwetwithmorning▲②Thewillowsbythehotellooksofreshandgreen.③Iinviteyoutodrinkacupofwineagain.④Westofthesunnypassnomorefriendswillbeseen.(TranslatedbyXuYuanchong)Withthetemperaturerising,springisagoodtimetogooutandtravelfaraway.TangDynastypoetWangWeibidfarewelltohisfriendinthisseason.ThepoemAFarewellSongdescribeshisexperience.Onaspringmorning,Wanghastosaygoodbyetohisfriend—YuanErwhowouldleaveforafarawayplacecalledAnxi,intoday’sXinjiangUygurautonomousregion.WanghopesthathisfriendYuanwillsafelyreturnfromAnxi,althoughheknowsthattheymightnotseeeachotheragain.Evenwiththisknowledge,thepoetisnotwillingtoshowmuchsorroworsadnessforYuan’sdeparture(離開).Instead,hewantstotakethetimetotreasuretheirfriendshipandinvitesYuantodrinkacupofwine.Inthepoem,Wangusestheskillofexchangingroles.Onthesurface,thepoetsaysgoodbyetohisfriend.Butthefactisthatthetwolikelyhavenochancetoseeeachotheragain.SoitisthatYuansaysgoodbyetothepoetaswell.WangWeiisconsideredoneofthegreatestpoetsoftheTangDynasty,alongwithDuFuandLiBai.Ofthethree,WangWeiwastheonlyonewhohadasuccessfulcareerinthebureaucracy(官場).Whenhewasfree,hespentmuchtimeinthecountrysidethinkingaboutnature.Wangisbestknownfordescribingquietscenesofwaterandmist,withfewdetailsandlittlehumanpresence.Hehasbeenpraisedfor“puttingpaintingintohispoetryandpoetryintohispainting.”31．Whichwordcanbeputin▲?A．fog B．wind C．rain D．sun32．InAFarewellSong,whichsentencespointouttheplaceandtimeoffarewell?A．②③ B．②④ C．①② D．③④33．WhatdidWangWeiexpressbywritingthispoem?A．Hishappinessofenjoyingthescene. B．Hisgreetingstohisfriend.C．Hissadnessofdeparture. D．Hiswishforhisfriend.34．WhatcanwelearnaboutWangWeiaccordingtothepassage?A．Hedidn’tfeelverysadaboutYuan’sdeparture.B．Hewasagreatsuccessinbothworkandpoetry.C．Heisbestknownfordescribinghumanswithrichdetails.D．Heenjoyedwritingpoemsandpaintingatthesametime.05LiShizhenwasoneofthemostfamousdoctorsinChinesehistory.HewasborninQichun,Hubeiin1518.BothofLiShizhen’sfatherandgrandfatherweredoctors.LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorwhotraveledinthecountrysidewithabagofherbs(藥草)andcured(治愈)people.Hisfatherwasadoctorwhowroteseveralbooks.LiShizhenusedtohelphisfatherinhismedicalpracticewhenhewasyoung.LiShizhen’sfatherwantedhimtoenterpolitics(從政).LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedthecountry—levelexamination,buthewasneverabletopasstheimperial(帝國的)examination.Whenhewas38,hecuredthesonofthePrinceofChuandwasinvitedtobeanofficialinthatcourt(宮廷).Afewyearslater,hebecameanofficialattheImperialMedicalInstitute.Eventhoughhefulfilledhisfather’sdream,hedidn’twanttocontinueworkingforthecourt.Oneyearlater,heleftthecourtandreturnedtobeadoctoragain.LiShizhenwasfamousforhisbook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica(《本草綱目》).Hespent27yearswritingthebook.Unluckily,LiShizhendiedbeforethebookwasofficiallypublished.Itissuchasuccessfulbook.NowitisstilloneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.35．WhatdidLiShizhen’sfatherwantLiShizhentodo?A．Tobeadoctor. B．Towriteabook. C．Toenterpolitics.36．Whenhewas38,LiShizhencured________.A．hisgrandfather B．thesonofthePrinceofChu C．a(chǎn)nofficialinthatcountry37．Accordingtothepassage,whatwasLiShizhenfamousfor?A．Workingforthecourt.B．Curingalotofpeople.C．Thebook,CompendiumofMateriaMedica.38．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．LiShizhen’sgrandfatherwasacountrydoctorandwroteseveralbooks.B．LiShizhenstudiedfortheexamsandpassedtheimperialexamination.C．CompendiumofMateriaMedicaisoneofthemostimportantmedicalbooksinChina.39．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．LiShizhen’slife. B．LiShizhen’sbook. C．LiShizhen’sherbs.參考答案1．impossible

2．three

3．fill

4．other

5．heard

6．through

7．drums

8．turned

9．these

10．more【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了諸葛亮“草船借箭”的故事。1．句意：一天，周瑜交給諸葛亮一項不可能完成的任務(wù)。根據(jù)“Heaskedhimtomake100,000arrows(箭)intendays”可知在10天內(nèi)制作10萬支箭是不可能的，impossible“不可能的”，形容詞，故填impossible。2．句意：我將在三天內(nèi)給你帶來十萬支箭。根據(jù)“days”可知此處應(yīng)用基數(shù)詞修飾名詞，three“三個”符合語境，故填three。3．句意：諸葛亮讓他的士兵們在20艘大船上裝上稻草人。根據(jù)“20largeboatswithmanystraw(稻草)men”可知是在船上裝滿稻草人，fill“裝滿”符合語境，空前有不定式符號，動詞用原形，故填fill。4．句意：第三天一大早，他又叫士兵們把船開到河對岸曹操軍隊的營地。根據(jù)“onthe...sideoftheriver.”可知是指河岸的另一邊，theotherside“另一邊”，故填other。5．句意：當(dāng)曹操的士兵們聽到聲音時，他們認(rèn)為他們遭到了攻擊。根據(jù)“WhenCaoCao’ssoldiers...thesounds”可知是指曹軍聽到了聲音，hear“聽見”，動詞，句子是一般過去時，動詞用過去式，故填heard。6．句意：然而，他們透過河上的濃霧看不到敵人。根據(jù)“However,theycouldnotseeenemies...thethickfog(霧)ontheriver.”可知此處是指透過濃霧看敵人，through“通過”，介詞，符合語境，故填through。7．句意：曹操命令他的士兵朝著鼓聲和喊叫聲射箭。根據(jù)“CaoCaoorderedhissoldierstoshootarrowstowardsthesoundsofthe”以及上文“beattheirdrumsloudly.”可知是指鼓的聲音，故填drums。8．句意：諸葛亮的士兵把船轉(zhuǎn)過來。根據(jù)“ZhugeLiang’ssoldiersthen...theboatsaroundandshouted”可知是指把船轉(zhuǎn)過來，開回去，turn符合語境，句子是一般過去時，動詞用過去式，故填turned。9．句意：諸葛亮把這些箭都帶給了周瑜。根據(jù)“ZhugeLiangtookall...arrowstoZhouYu”結(jié)合備選詞可知是指這些箭，these“這些”符合語境，故填these。10．句意：有超過10萬支箭。根據(jù)“Therewere...than100,000ofthem.”可知此處是指箭的數(shù)量超過10萬支，故填more。11．B

12．A

13．D

14．C

15．A

16．D

17．C

18．C

19．A

20．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了中國歷史上偉大的教育家孔子的生平、他的教育理念、他對中國教育所做的貢獻及人們對他的評價。11．句意：盡管他生活在2000多年前，但今天的人們?nèi)匀挥浀煤妥鹬厮?。before在……之前；ago以前；after在……之后；later之后。根據(jù)“Althoughhelivedover2,000years…”可知，此處表示在“2000多年前”，應(yīng)用“ago”。故選B。12．句意：他有一個艱難的童年。hard艱難的；happy開心；simple簡單的；pleasant令人愉快的。根據(jù)“Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasonly3”可知，他有一個艱難的童年。故選A。13．句意：父親在他三歲的時候就去世了，所以他不得不工作來幫助母親，但年輕的孔子從未放棄學(xué)習(xí)。study學(xué)習(xí)；write寫；sing唱歌；work工作。根據(jù)“sohehadto…tohelphismother,”可知，他不得不工作來幫助母親。故選D。14．句意：父親在他三歲的時候就去世了，所以他不得不工作來幫助母親，但年輕的孔子從未放棄學(xué)習(xí)。gavein屈服；gaveaway泄露；gaveup放棄；gaveout分發(fā)。根據(jù)“Hevisitedmanyfamousteachersandlearnedmusic,history,poetryandsports”可知，孔子從未放棄學(xué)習(xí)。故選C。15．句意：那時，只有富家子弟才能上學(xué)，但孔子認(rèn)為每個人想學(xué)習(xí)就應(yīng)該上學(xué)。rich富有的；poor貧窮的；big大的；small小的。根據(jù)“Atthattimeonlychildrenfrom…familiescouldgotoschool”可知，那時只有富家子弟才能上學(xué)。故選A。16．句意：那時，只有富家子弟才能上學(xué)，但孔子認(rèn)為每個人想學(xué)習(xí)就應(yīng)該上學(xué)。could可以；might可能；must必須；should應(yīng)該。根據(jù)“Confuciusbelievedeveryone…gotoschooliftheywantedtolearn.”可知，孔子認(rèn)為每個人想學(xué)習(xí)就應(yīng)該上學(xué)。故選D。17．句意：現(xiàn)在，人們還在學(xué)習(xí)孔子的課程。realize意識到；influence影響；study學(xué)習(xí)；listen聽。根據(jù)“Hetoldusthatweallhavesomethingworthy（值得）tobelearned.”可知，現(xiàn)如今人們還在學(xué)習(xí)孔子的課程。故選C。18．句意：當(dāng)我和三個人在一起時，他們中的一個在某些方面一定比我好。subjects科目；periods時期；areas方面；places地方。根據(jù)“Ichoosetheirgoodqualitiesandfollowthem.”可知，三人行必要我?guī)熝?，所以他們中的一個在某些方面一定比我好。故選C。19．句意：他還告訴我們，思考在學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。thinking思考；reading閱讀；teaching教；learning學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)“Allthinkingbutnostudymakespeoplelazy.”可知，孔子認(rèn)為思考在學(xué)習(xí)中非常重要。故選A。20．句意：他最重要的教導(dǎo)是關(guān)于善良和良好的舉止。happiness開心；kindness善良；strictness嚴(yán)格；safeness安全。根據(jù)“Apersonshouldbestrictwithhimself,butbekindtoothers.”可知，他最重要的教導(dǎo)是關(guān)于善良和良好的舉止。故選B。21．C

22．D

23．A

24．B

25．A

26．B

27．B

28．A

29．C

30．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是俞伯牙和鐘子期知音難求的感人故事。21．句意：他們的友誼是理想的中國友誼的典型例子。rule規(guī)則；part部分；example例子；character性格。根據(jù)“HaveyoueverheardofthestoryaboutYuBoyaandZhongZiqi?Theirfriendshipisatypical…oftheideal（理想的）Chinesefriendship.Hereisthestory.”可知，此處是用俞伯牙和鐘子期舉了一個例子。故選C。22．句意：不幸的是，很少有人能聽懂他的音樂。forget忘記；believe相信；realize意識到；understand理解。根據(jù)“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”可知，此處沒人能聽懂他的音樂。故選D。23．句意：在路上，他遇到了一場大雨，把船停在河邊。rain雨；boat船；instrument儀器；fish魚。根據(jù)“Whentherainstopped”可知，遇到了一場大雨。故選A。24．句意：雨停了，看到美麗的景色，他非常激動。bored乏味的；excited興奮的；proud自豪的；sad悲傷的。根據(jù)“Whentherainstopped,seeingthebeautifulscenery（景色）”“和Sohetookouthisguqinandbegantoplay.”可知，此處他應(yīng)該非常激動。故選B。25．句意：當(dāng)他全神貫注地演奏音樂時，他突然注意到河邊有人在聽他演奏。somebody某人；everybody每個人；anybody任何人；nobody沒有人。根據(jù)“Boyacameouttheoftheboatandsawapersonenjoyinghismusic.”可知，有人在聽他演奏。故選A。26．句意：伯牙邀請他到他的船上為他演奏。sent寄送；invited邀請；refused拒絕；threw扔。根據(jù)“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”可知，伯牙邀請他到他的船上。故選B。27．句意：鐘子期聽懂了這兩首曲子，并欽佩伯牙的音樂才能。rule規(guī)則；talent才能；journey旅行；score分?jǐn)?shù)。根據(jù)“ZhongunderstoodbothofthemandadmiredBoya”和“Boyawasveryexcited,andsaid,‘Dearfriend!Onlyyoucanunderstandmymusic!’”可知，子期欽佩伯牙的音樂才能。故選B。28．句意：他們約定明年再在同一個地方見面。agreed同意，約定；