Hypertension英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)WhatIsHypertension?Hypertension(HTN)isachronicmedicalconditioninwhichthebloodpressureinthearteriesiselevated(提高的).英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)DiagnosisLeadtoHypertension高血壓systolicbloodpressure≥140diastolicbloodpressure≥90EitherofthemDangerZonesystolicbloodpressure≤120diastolicbloodpressure≤80BothofthemNormalbloodpressure正常血壓范圍AwarningsignIfyourBPare120/80orhigherbutbelow140/90ItiscalledPre-hypertension高血壓前期英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)HypertensionEssentialHypertension原發(fā)性高血壓（高血壓?。?0–95%SecondaryHypertension繼發(fā)性高血壓5–10%①primaryoressentialhypertension:highbloodpressurewithnoobviousunderlying(潛在的,根本的)medicalcause.②SecondaryHypertension:Highbloodpressurethatiscausedbyanothermedicalcondition(醫(yī)療條件)

ormedication(藥物).

ClassificationOfHypertensionPrimaryorEssentialHypertension

BenignHypertension(ChronicHypertension)良性/緩進性高血壓MalignantHypertension(AcceleratedHypertension)惡性/急進性高血壓英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)腎上腺功能紊亂慢性腎疾病甲狀旁腺功能亢進癥腎動脈狹窄避孕丸、節(jié)食丸、感冒藥、偏頭痛藥孕婦英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)CausesOfHypertensionGenes（遺傳因素）Diet（膳食因素）SocialAndMentalCondition（社會心理應激因素）Stress（壓力）Anger（憤怒）Frightened（驚嚇）Others（其它因素）Obesity（[???bi:s?ti:]肥胖癥）Smoke（吸煙）OlderAge（老齡）Inactivity（缺乏鍛煉）Race（種族）英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)Whoisatrisk?Anyonecanhavehighbloodpressure.Somepeoplearemorelikelytohavehighbloodpressureincluding:AfricanAmericans(moresensitivetosalt)Peopleoverage55Peoplewithafamilyhistoryofhighbloodpressure英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)Whoisatrisk?Yourchancesofhavinghighbloodpressurearehigherifyou:AreoverweightEatfoodshighinsaltDonotgetregularexerciseSmokeDrinkalcoholheavilyUnderStress,anger,frightenedorsadinalongtime英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)HypertensionSymptoms

Highbloodpressureissometimescalledasilentkiller(無癥狀殺傷者)becauseitmayhavenooutwardsymptomsforyears(可能沒有外在癥狀長達數(shù)年).

Infact,oneinfivepeoplewiththeconditiondon‘tknowtheyhaveit.Internally([?n?t?:n?l?],在體內(nèi)地),itcanquietlydamagetheheart,lungs,bloodvessels,brain,andkidneysifleftuntreated.It’samajorriskfactorforstrokes(中風/腦卒中)andheartattacks(心臟病).英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)PathologicalChanges(病變)Leftventricleinhypertensiveheartdisease.左心室壁明顯增厚英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)Primarygranular([?gr?nj?l?],顆粒狀的)atrophy([??tr?fi:],萎縮)ofthekidney（原發(fā)性顆粒性固縮腎）：withclearlyrecognizablegranularsurfaceofthekidney.(腎表面出現(xiàn)清晰可辨的顆粒物)Arteriolar([ɑ:?ti?ri??ul?],小動脈的)nephrosclerosis([?nefr??skli??r?usis])（細動脈性腎硬化）：Severearteriolarnephrosclerosis(嚴重細動脈性腎硬化).Nodular([?n?djul?])(結(jié)節(jié)性)英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)hypertensivecerebralhemorrhage（高血壓病腦出血）：Internalcapsule(內(nèi)囊)orBasalganglia([?beis?l][?ɡ??ɡli?],基底神經(jīng)節(jié))insteadofbloodclots(被血凝塊代替).Hypertensiveretinopathy([reti?n?p?θi],視網(wǎng)膜病變)

（高血壓性視網(wǎng)膜病變）英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)Complications(并發(fā)癥)Whenbloodpressureisnotwellcontrolled,youareatriskfor:Bleedingfromtheaorta([e???:t?],主動脈出血),thelargebloodvesselthatsuppliesbloodtotheabdomen([?b?d??m?n]),pelvis([?pelv?s]),andlegs(給腹部、骨盆和腿部供血的大血管)Chronickidneydisease(慢性腎疾病)Heartattackandheartfailure(心臟病和心力衰竭)Poorbloodsupplytothelegs(下肢供血不足)Stroke(中風/腦卒中)Problemswithyourvision(視覺障礙)英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)TreatmentTheDASHDiet

--DietaryApproaches(飲食療法)toStopHypertension--involveseatingmorefruits,vegetables,whole-grainfoods(全谷類食物),low-fatdairy(低脂奶),fish,poultry(禽肉),andnuts(堅果).Youshouldeatlessredmeat(紅肉),saturatedfats(飽和脂肪),andsweets(甜食).Exercise

英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)Medications:

Diuretics([?da?ju‘ret?k])(利尿藥)Beta-blockers(β-阻斷劑)ACEInhibitors([?n’h?b?t?(r)])(血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑)ARBs(腎上腺素能受體結(jié)合劑)CalciumChannelBlockers(鈣通道阻滯劑)ComplementaryTherapies（[?θer?pi]補充醫(yī)學療法）:Yoga（瑜伽）,taichi（太極）,anddeepbreathing（深呼吸）alsohelp.

英文疾病介紹——Hypertension(高血壓病)PreventionAdultsover18shouldhavetheirbloodpressurecheckedregularly.Lifestylechangesmayhelpcontrolyourbloodpressure.