匯報(bào)人：XX2024-02-04中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)目錄BasicknowledgereviewNounclausesandattributiveclausesInfiniteverbs,gerund,andparticlesAdverbialclaimsandinvertedsensesRulesfordirectandindirectspeechconversion01BasicknowledgereviewUnderstandingwordmeaningsincontextRecognizingsynonyms,antonyms,andwordrelationshipsPhrasalverbsandidiomaticexpressionsFamiliarizingwithcommonphrasesandtheirmeaningsVocabularybuildingExpandingvocabularythroughreadingandpracticeWordsandPhrases03RecognizingcomplexsensesUnderstandingclausesandphraseswithinsenses01UnderstandingattentiontypesDeclarative,aggressive,imperiative,andexceptionalattention02IdentifyingpresencecomponentsSubject,predicate,object,completion,andadvisorySentencestructureandcomponents123Present,past,andfuturetensionsandtheirusesUnderstandingverbtensionsActiveandpassivevoicesandwhentousethemRecognizingvoiceUnderstandingthedifferencebetweenpresentperfectandpastperfecttensionsPerfecttensionsOverviewofTenseandVoice01Indicative,Imperative,andsubfunctionalgoodsandtheirfunctionsUnderstandinggoods02RecognizingwhentousesubjunctionmoodinsensesUsingsubjunctionmoodcorrectly03UnderstandingandusingconditionalsenseswithsubjunctivemoodConditionalsensesMoodandsubcriticalmood02NounclausesandattributiveclausesObjectnounclaimsClaimsthatfunctionastheobjectofaverborposition,suchas"Idon'tknowwhathewants."PredictivenounclaimsClaimsthatfunctionasthepredictive,completingthesubject,asin"Mysuggestionisthatweshouldleaveearly."SubjectnounclaimsClaimsthatfunctionasthesubjectofasentence,suchas"Whathesaidwasinteresting."TypesandusageofnounclausesTipsforselectingrelevantwordsinrelevantclausesSelecttherelevantwordthatbestfitsthecontextandmeaningofthesentenceConsideringthemeaningoftherelevantwordDeterminethenounorpronounthattherelevantclausemodificationsIdentifyingtheantagonistChoosetherelevantwordbasedonitsfunctionwithintheclause(e.g.,subject,object,oradvisory)UnderstandingtheroleoftherelevantwordIdentifyingthemainclauseLocatethemainverbanddeterminethesubjectandpredictofthemainclauseIsolatingtheboundaryclauseIdentifyanyboundaryclausesanddeterminetheirfunctionwithinthepresenceUnderstandingtherelationshipbetweenclausesDeterminehowtheclausesarerelatedtoeachotherandtheoverallmeaningofthesentenceAnalysisofcomplexpresencestructuresEnsurethateachclauseisseparatedbyappropriatepunctationorconnectionsAvoidingrunonsensesMakesurethatthesubjectandverbagreementinnumberwithineachclauseCheckingsubjectverbagreementUsecommandstoseparatenonessentialclausesorphrasesfromtherestofthesentenceUsingcommandscorrectlyReadthepresencecarefullytoensurethatitisclearandgrammaticallycorrectProofreadingforclarityCommonerrorsandprecautions03Infiniteverbs,gerund,andparticlesExplanationofthefunctionsofinfinityassubject,objectcompletion,etcTheinfinitiveverbphrasecanactasthesubjectofasense,expressinganactionorstateForexample,"TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy."AsanobjectcompletionTheinfinitiveverbphrasecanfollowceriumverbsasanobjectcompletion,completingthemeaningoftheactionForinstance,"Iwanttogohome."OtherfunctionsInfinitiveverbscanalsoserveasadvisors,completionofobjections,andnounsAsasubjectAsasubjectThegerundcanfunctionasthesubjectofasense,representingageneralorabstractconceptForexample,"Readingbooksaremyfavoritehobby."AsanobjectGerundsoffollowingverbsthatexpresslikes,unlikes,orotheremotionsandserveasobjectsForinstance,"Ienjoyswimminginthesummer."OtherrolesGerundscanalsoactasadvisorsorcompletenessofcertificateobjectionsandpositionsAnalysisofgerundactingascomponentsinsensesAsadvisors:Particlescanfunctionasadvisors,modifyingverbs,objections,orotheradvisorsTheyoftenexpresstime,cause,condition,process,ormanagerForexample,"Havingfinishedhishome,hewentouttoplay."Asattributes:Particlescanalsoserveasattributes,modifyingnounsorpronounsTheyarecommonlyplacedbeforethenounstheymodifyForinstance,"Theslimingfaceofthechildmadeeveryonehappy."Keydifferences:ItisimportanttonotethatparticlesasadvertisementsandattributeshavedifferentformsandusagepatternsAsadvisors,theyareoftenpreparedbyconnectionsoradvisorsofManner,whileasattributes,theyarecloselylinkedtothenounstheymodifyDifferencesinusageofparticlesasadvertisementsandattributesAnalysisofFusionPointsandExampleExercisesStudentsoftenfuseinfinitiveverbs,gerund,andparticlesduetotheirsimilarformsandfunctionsItiscriticaltounderstandtheirdistinctrolesandusagepatternstoavoidmissesFusionpointsToclarifytheseconceptsfurther,studentscanpracticewithexampleintentionsandexercisesthathighlightthedifferencesbetweeninfinitiveverbs,gerund,andparticlesForinstance,theycanidentifythefunctionsoftheseverbformsingivensensesorcompletesenseswiththeappropriateverbformExampleexercises04AdverbialclaimsandinvertedsensesTimeadvisoryclause:Introducedbywordssuchaswhen,while,as,after,etc.,indicatingthetimerelationshipoftheactionCauseadvisoryclause:Introducedbywordssuchasbecause,since,as,nowthat,etc.,indicatingthecauseoftheactionConditionadvisoryclause:Introducedbywordssuchasif,less,providedthat,etc.,indicatingtheconditionoftheactionProcessadvisoryclause:Introducedbywordssuchasthought,appropriate,evenif,etc.,indicatingprocessLeadingwordsforadultclausesshouldbefollowedbyacompletepresence,andthesubjectandpredicateoftheclauseshouldbecomplete0102030405TypesofAdverbialClauseandRulesforUsingLeadingWordsInvertedpresencestructurereferstotheinversionofthenormalwordorder,typicallywiththeverbortheauxiliaryverbbeforethesubjectInvertedsensesareoftenusedtoemphasizeacertaincomponent,ortomaintainasensebalanceandrhythmCommoninvertedpresencepatternsinclude:thereisstructure,neitherNostructure,so...thatstructure,etcIntroductiontotheCharacteristicsofInvolvedSentenceStructure"Whendidyoudrive?""Wewerehavingdinnerwhenthephonerang.""Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.""Lessitrains,wewillgoforawalk.""Sinceyouaretired,youshouldrest.""Wedidn'tgooutbecauseitwastraining.""Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.""Shelookstired,eventhoughshedidn'tdomuchwork."ExamplesoftheapplicationofvarioustransitionalclausesinarticlesPracticeandreviewregularlytoimprovegrammaraccuracyandfluencyBecarefulwiththewordorderofinvertedsensestoavoidfusionorambiguityEnsurethatthesubjectandpredicateoftheadvisoryclausearecompleteandconsistentwiththemainclausePayattentiontothecorrectuseofleadingwordsandconnectionsAvoidusingincompletesensesorfragmentsasadvisoryclausesErrorpronetipsandcorrectionmethods05RulesfordirectandindirectspeechconversionUnderstandingthemeaningofthedirectspeech:Beforeconverting,itisessentialtograspthecompletemeaningofthedirectspeechaccuratelyChangingthespeechmarks:Directspeechisenclosedwithininvertedcommonorquotamarks,whichareremovedinindirectspeechAlteringtheverbtense:TheverbtenseinthedirectspeechmayneedtobechangedtomaintainconsistencywiththereportingverbintheindirectspeechAdjustingpronounsandpositiveinfluences:pronounsandpositiveinfluencesmayneedtobeadjustedtoreflectthechangeinperspectivefromthespeakertothereporterExplanationofthestepstoconvertdirectspeechintoindirectspeechChangesinpersonFirstpersonpronouns(I,me,my,mine)indirectspeecharecommonlychangedtothirdpersonpronouns(he,she,it,they,his,her,their)indirectspeechSecondpersonpronouns(you,your,your)maybechangedtofirstorthirdperson,dependingonthecontext要點(diǎn)一要點(diǎn)二ChangesintenseThetenseoftheverbinthedirectspeechisoftenchangedtoapasttenseintheindirectspeechtoreflectthefactthatthespeechoccurredinthepastHowever,thereareexceptionstothisrule,soaswhenthedirectspeechreferstoauniversaltruthorabiologicalactionSummaryoftheChangesinPersonandTenseConversionofaggressiveintentionsaggressiveintentionsindirectspeechareconvertedtodirectspeechbychangingthewordo