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Unit1英語(yǔ)教學(xué)課件虛擬語(yǔ)氣

SubjunctiveMood(I)GRAMMER語(yǔ)法陳述語(yǔ)氣

Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使語(yǔ)氣

Let’sgo.

Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.一.語(yǔ)氣的分類英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶三種不同的語(yǔ)氣:陳述語(yǔ)氣,祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式來(lái)表示。虛擬語(yǔ)氣

IfIwereyou,

Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.條件句表示主句的條件,分真實(shí)條件句和虛擬條件句兩種。a.真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。b.虛擬條件句表示條件是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(TheSubjunctiveMood)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí),而是一種假設(shè),愿望,懷疑或推測(cè)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要用于if條件狀語(yǔ)從句,也可用于名詞性從句等。二.‘if’虛擬條件句的概念由

‘if’

引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句叫作

‘if’虛擬條件句IcouldeasilyrecognizeifIhadseenhimbefore.其他虛擬條件句Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavefinishedmyworkontime.三.ifSentenceStructure

‘if’虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)a.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)b.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)c.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),條件

狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用were)”,

而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。虛擬語(yǔ)氣IfI

were

aboy,I

would

jointhearmy.What

would

youdoifyou

won

thelottery?IfI

won

thelottery,I

would…IfI

wonthelottery,I

would

buyanexpensivecar.

IfI

had

alotofmoney,I

would

buyavilla.IfI

had

alotofmoneynow,I

would

travelaroundtheworld.Ifit

were

finenow,Iwould

goshopping.a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.c.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroom,it________(be)verydangerous.d.IfI____(be)inyourposition,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldaskChooseoneofthetopicsanddiscussitingroups.1.Youhadadreamthatyouwereateacher.Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereateacher?2.Supposeyouwonalotofmoney.Whatwouldyoudowiththemoney?IfI____ateacher,I….were2.與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反從句的謂語(yǔ)用had＋過(guò)去分詞,構(gòu)成IfI(we,you,he,they)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞的形式；主句的謂語(yǔ)用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/mighthave＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

IfI________howtoswim,I__________________trappedinthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeen

a.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanks.c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneSolveproblemsThestudentsfailedtheEnglishexam.Couldyougivehimsomesuggestions?OneofyourfriendgotHN1lastyear.Hesufferedalot.Whatcouldyoudohelphim?3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句的謂語(yǔ)用IfI(we,you,he,they)＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或weretodo或shoulddo形式,主句謂語(yǔ)用should(第一人稱)/would(第二、三人稱)/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。Ifyousucceeded,everythingwould

beallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifhe

got

upearly,

he

wouldbe

ontime.假如他來(lái)了,我們對(duì)他說(shuō)什么呢？Ifhe

wereto

come,what

should

wesaytohim.假如他看見我,就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)我。Ifhe

should

seeme,he

would

knowme.a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbeshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetupPRACTICE3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,here________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbe主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)主從句位于動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。例句中從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.Ifthestaff

hadbeen

morecareful,

themall

wouldnotbe

onfirenow.條件從句If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)(were)would/could/should/might+v.(原)虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法。條件從句If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.條件從句If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式未來(lái)1.過(guò)去時(shí)2.should+v.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+v.(原)二.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的用法1.在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反,或?qū)?lái)的主觀愿望,從句通常省略連詞that。1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:

從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)。IwishI

were

astallasyou.IwishI

were

abird.Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.(2)表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞常用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

had

nevergonetoit.(3)表示對(duì)將來(lái)的主觀愿望:從句動(dòng)詞形式為“

would＋動(dòng)詞原形”。注意:主句的主語(yǔ)與從句的主要不能相同,因?yàn)橹骶涞闹髡Z(yǔ)所期望的從句動(dòng)作能否實(shí)現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語(yǔ)的態(tài)度或意愿(非動(dòng)物名詞除外)。但愿你立刻來(lái)。Iwishyouwouldcomesoon.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.2.表示要求，命令，建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。常見動(dòng)詞：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即:1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。e.g.我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌esuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners(should)bekilledthenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。即：(should)＋V.order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desireIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

becarriedout.Mydemandisthatshe

shouldcome

toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory

shouldbe

closeddown.

insist/suggest不接虛擬的用法1.Sheinsistedthatshewas

right.她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是對(duì)的。（堅(jiān)持事實(shí)）2.Hisuncleinsiststhatheshould

notstayinthehotel.他的叔叔堅(jiān)持要求他不要待在旅館里。2.Thelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewas

unhappy.Isuggestedthattheteachers’wages(should)beincreased.3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.過(guò)去時(shí)你該走了。我們?cè)撊ニX了。It’stimethatyouwent.It’stimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.(Should不可省略)asif/asthough由asif(asthough)

或eventhough(eventhough)

引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句表示比較或方式時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be用were)或“had＋過(guò)去分詞”。Hebehavesasifhe

owned

thehouse.(Buthedoesn’townitorprobablydoesn’townitorwedon’tknowwhetherheownsitornot.)ShetalksaboutRomeasthoughshe

had

beenthereherself.他那樣對(duì)待我,好像我是陌生人似的。HetreatsmeasifIwereastranger.注意:如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生,那么方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.4.wouldrather(that)現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：將來(lái)：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.

Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucame

tomorrow.過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣辯析1關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣辯析2關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣辯析3關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣辯析4關(guān)于虛擬語(yǔ)氣辯析5從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.—HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?

—No,butIwishI______.

A.have

B.will

C.do

D.had

2.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything______.

A.willdie

B.woulddie

C.wouldhavedied

D.havedied

3.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.

A.couldhavegone

B.couldgo

C.havegone

D.went

4.IfI______you,I______moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases.

A.was;shallpay

B.am;willpay

C.wouldbe;wouldpay

D.were;wouldpay

5.Iwishthatyou______suchabadheadachebecauseI’msurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

A.wouldn’thave

B.didn’thave

C.hadn’thad

D.haven’thad

6.Whenastickispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasthoughit___.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.“Areyougoingtotheballtonight?”“It’stoolatenow.HowIwish____aboutitearlier!”A.I’llknowB.I’veknownC.IknowD.I’dknown8.Theguardofthemeetinginsistedthateverybody____therules.A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey9.“Jack’sbeenillforsomeweeks.”“Iknow.Iwish____seeadoctor.”A.heshouldB.hecanC.he’llD.hecould10.“Youshouldhavegonetothecinemawithusyesterday.Thefilmwasverygood.”“IwishI____yesterdayoff.I’dhavegonewithyou.”A.havehadB.hadC.haveD.hadhad11.Itistimethatwe_____thispractice.A.stopB.stoppedC.willstopD.havestopped12.IwishI_____ashealthyasmycousin.A.wereB.amC.wasD.willbe13.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey___

friendsforyears.A.havebeen