中考英語首字母填空答題技巧詳解第一節(jié)命題規(guī)律首字母填空又叫綜合填空，是中考英語試題中常見的題型之一。這種題型主要是對(duì)學(xué)生的四項(xiàng)能力，即對(duì)單詞的辨析拼寫能力；對(duì)英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)掌握運(yùn)用能力；對(duì)語法知識(shí)的準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用能力；以及對(duì)上下文語境中邏輯意義的推斷理解能力。要求考生注意單詞在句子中的確切含義與正確形式，而不是孤立地死記硬背單詞。第二節(jié)題型分析首字母填空這種題型，要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使得短文意思完整。每空限填一詞。例如：根據(jù)句意和首字母的提示完成下列單詞。1.Hehaskeptadsincehewasatschool.Ithasrecorded(記錄)whathappenedeachday.2.IenjoywatchingfootballgamesonTV.Whatisyourftelevisionprogramme？答案：1.diary2.favorite在句子中缺詞的情況下，弄懂句子的意思是關(guān)鍵。解答此類題時(shí)要注意“兩個(gè)確定”，即“確定單詞的意思”和“確定單詞的形式”。要保證單詞的意思符合上下文，以及單詞的形式符合語法要求。第三節(jié)解題步驟1.讀短文，曉大意在做題之前，仔細(xì)閱讀短文通曉其大意；可調(diào)動(dòng)腦中相關(guān)信息幫助答題。2.上下文，是提示在解答時(shí)根據(jù)上下文確定要填寫單詞的詞性（即是什么詞類），再結(jié)合所給首字母確定該單詞的意思，并寫出該單詞的正確形式，盡量不要放棄。3.做完后，試一試單詞寫出以后，除了檢查其形式是否正確，意思是否合理，還要然后通篇代入短文中進(jìn)行檢查，看看所填單詞是否符合上下文。第三節(jié)解題技巧一、讀懂句意，確定單詞例1ThefdayoftheweekisSunday.該句意為“一周的第一天是星期天”，需要填的詞的首字母是“f”，根據(jù)常識(shí)和序數(shù)詞有關(guān)知識(shí)應(yīng)填“第一”，故填first。此類題還可考月份。如：Septemberisthen________monthoftheyear(答案：ninth)二、瞻前顧后，確定形式PAGEXXX寫出單詞后，還要注意分析該單詞是否需要變化形式?，F(xiàn)分類說明如下：1.名詞：一般考慮單、復(fù)數(shù)和所有格。例1Doyoulikewhite？Wehaveshirtsofdifferentc.根據(jù)句意，可確定單詞為“color”，通過前面的shirts和different兩詞可確定此處應(yīng)用colors。例2September10thisTDay.根據(jù)句意，確定單詞“Teacher”，它與Day之間存在所有格關(guān)系，將Teacher變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，再變?yōu)樗懈瘢瑧?yīng)填Teachers’。2.形容調(diào)和副詞：這兩類詞學(xué)生極易混淆，做題時(shí)應(yīng)仔細(xì)分析，慎重選擇究竟用哪類詞，有時(shí)還要考慮到形容詞和副詞“級(jí)”的變化。例1Hewasveryawiththemanupstairsandbegantoshout，“Stopsinging！”根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)填形容詞原級(jí)angry。例2OnSundays，childrenplayhinthepark.此處應(yīng)填副詞happily，副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。3.動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞變化形式較為復(fù)雜，一般有五種：動(dòng)詞原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、現(xiàn)在分詞，過去式和過去分詞?？删C合考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語知識(shí)的能力。例1Thankyouverymuchforlmeyourbike.介詞后動(dòng)詞用-ing形式，故填lending。例2Whenhewasten，hebecameiinmaths.becomeinterestedin為固定詞組，意為“對(duì)……感興趣”，故此處應(yīng)填interested。4.數(shù)詞：注意確定用基數(shù)詞還是序數(shù)詞。例1Therearetmonthsinayear.此處應(yīng)用基數(shù)詞twelve。例2Decemberisthetmonthoftheyear.此處應(yīng)填序數(shù)詞twelfth。5.代詞：主要從人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞和疑問代詞幾方面考慮，有時(shí)還要考慮用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)。例1Helpytosomefish，Jim.根據(jù)句意，此處應(yīng)用yourself.例2“Helpytosomefish，please.”MrsGreensaidtothetwins.根據(jù)句意，thetwins為復(fù)數(shù)，故填yourselves。6.連詞：若前后兩個(gè)詞或句子存在轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、選擇關(guān)系，一般應(yīng)填連詞。例1Shedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdaybshewasil1.從句和主句互為因果關(guān)系，故填because。例2Thefootballmatchstillwentontitwasrainingheavily.該從句為讓步狀語從句，故應(yīng)填though。第四節(jié)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)練習(xí)1Bats(蝙蝠)aretheonlyflying“animals”intheworld.Itisknowntoallthattheycannotseeverywell.“Asb_______(1)asabat”isoftenh______(2).Yet,theyhavenotroubleflyingonthed________(3)nightsandfindingtheirwayr________(4)verywell.Whycanbatsflyandseeatnight?Theyflyby“radar(雷達(dá))”.Thebat'sradarw______(5)thesamewayastheradaronshipsandplanes.Asabatfliest_________(6)theair,itmakesasound.Ifthesoundshitt_________(7),theywillcomebackandthebat'se__________(8)willreceivethemessage.Inthisway,thebatisa_________(9)toknowwherethethingsare.Batsgooutforf_________(10)atnight.Inthedaytime,theyhanginsomedarkplaces.1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________5.___________6.____________7.__________8.___________9.___________10.___________練習(xí)2Therearefourpeopleinmyfamily.Everydaymyparentsareverybusyt(1)tomakemoneyinordertopaythehightuition(學(xué)費(fèi)）formybrotherandme.Theyhardlysay"Iloveyou"orsendf(3)toeachother.Besides，myfatherhasabadtemper(脾氣）．Itiseasyforhimtolosehistemperw(4)he'sverytiredfromthehardwork.Ididn'tknowwhethertherewaslovebetweenthemu(5)onespring.Atthattime，myfathersuddenlygotbadlysick.Mymotherhadtostaywithhiminthehospitalforamonth.Whentheyreturnedfromthehospital，theybothlookedveryw(6)asifbothofthemhadaseriousillness.Aftertheywereback，mymotherhelpedmyfatherwalkslowlyonthecountryroadeverydayinthemorninganddusk.H(7)，aftertwomonthsmyfatherstillcouldn'twalkbyh__(8)．Allofuswereworriedabouthim."Dad，howareyouf(8)now?"Iaskedhimoneday."Susan，don'tworryaboutme.”hesaidi(9)alowvoice.“Ijustlikewalkingwithyourmom.Ilikethiskindoflife.”Readinghiseyes，Iknowhelovesmymotherverymuch.OnceIthoughtlovem(10)flowers，presentsandsweetkisses.Butfromthisexperience，Iunderstandthatloveisinside，makinglifestrongandwarm.1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________5.___________6.____________7.__________8.___________9.___________10.___________練習(xí)3Schooleducation(教育)isveryimportantanduseful.Yetnoonecanl1everythingatschoolandateachercan’tteachhisstudentse2theywanttoknow.Hisjobistos3hisstudentshowtolearn.Heteachesthemhowtoreadandhowtothink.Sothestudentscanlearnmuchmorebyt4.Itismorei5toknowhowtostudybyoneself.It’squiteeasytolearnsomething,butit’sdifficulttou6ittosolveproblems.Greatinventorsdonotgeteverythingfromschool,buttheystillcaninventmanythingsandchangetheworldal7.Howcantheinventorsdoallofthis?That’sb8theyknowhowtostudy.Alotofthingsarenottaughtintheclassroom.Theygetalotofknowledgebyreadingo9school.Theyworkhardandneverg10upalltheirlives.1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________5.___________6.____________7.__________8.___________9.___________10.___________練習(xí)4Ourschoolhasabiglibrary.Ithasmanyb____1____ondifferentsubjects.Studentscanr____2___booksandmagazinesinthereading-room.Theycanalsob____3___booksfromthelibrary.Buttheymustreturnt____4___ontime.Iftheylosethebooks,theymustp____5___forthem.MissYangworksinthel___6____.Sheisveryhelpfulandkindtothestudents.Onemorningshewasworkingatthedeskw____7___LiPinghurriedin.ShetoldMissYangthatshecouldn’tf____8___thelibrarybook“RedStarOverChina”.AtthatmomentLucycameintothelibraryw____9____LiPing’sbook.Shefounditintheclassroom.LiPingwasveryhappy.ShethankedLucyandsaidthatshewouldbemorec___10____fromthenon.1.___________2.__________3.__________4.____________5.___________6.____________7.__________8.___________9.___________10.___________練習(xí)5IhavelivedinthecountrysidesinceIwasachild.Thereweremanyk1ofbirdstherewhenIwasyoung.Everymorning,lotsofsparrowslikedsingingandj2inthetreesoutsidemywindow,whiletheswallowswerebusyflyingouttof3foodfortheirbabies.Sometimesintheafternoon,Icouldevenseeeaglesf4inthesky.Aftertwentyyears,manyofthemcannotbeseennow.Icanseldomseetheeagleso5theswallows.Then6ofthesparrowsisgettingsmaller.Onlysomeoft7singinthemorning.Whydothebirdsleavehere?FirstIthinkitisbecausetheenvironmentisbecomingworsenow.Thebirdscan’tfinde8foodforthemselvesandtheirbabies.SecondIthinkitisbecausepeopleoftenk9themforfood.Withoutthebirdsaround,wewo