第四講絢麗多彩的并列句和三大從句一、美觀齊整的并列句并列句是用并列連詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接起來(lái)的句子。在這一句型中,需要注意的是,連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),有些句型要采取“就近原則”。1.并列關(guān)系常用句型或詞語(yǔ)both...and...(既……又……),notonly...but(also)...(不但……而且……),neither...nor...(既不……也不……),when...(這時(shí)……),and(和),aswellas(和;又)(2022全國(guó)甲卷滿分作文)Not

onlydooceansofferussufficientfood,buttheyalsomaintainthebalanceofnature.海洋不僅為我們提供充足的食物,而且還維持著大自然的平衡。2.選擇關(guān)系常用句型或詞語(yǔ)either...or...或者……或者……,not...but...不是……而是……,or或者,otherwise否則Eitherhecouldnotcomeorhedidnotwantto.他不是來(lái)不了就是不想來(lái)。3.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常用詞語(yǔ)but但是,however然而,while然而(1)(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidwouldn’tlookatme.我們挨著坐了下來(lái),但大衛(wèi)不看我。(2)MyfriendJohntakesapositiveattitudetowardslifewhilehissisterdoesn’t.我的朋友約翰對(duì)生活采取積極的態(tài)度,而他的妹妹卻不是。4.因果關(guān)系常用詞語(yǔ)for因?yàn)?so因此Youonlyhaveanhourtocompletethegamesoit’samaddashagainsttheclock.你們只有一個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)完成比賽,因此這是一次和時(shí)間的瘋狂角逐。雕詞琢句用并列句完成句子1.(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)“TalkandTalk”isanamazingprogram

(并且它已經(jīng)幫助我們拓寬了我們的視野).

2.Wecanfindthatitisveryattractivetogetentertainedfromthetoptwo,

(而其余的類型則很乏味).

3.(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)Davidwassteppingforward

(這時(shí)他被一塊大石頭絆倒了).

4.(2022全國(guó)甲卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))Someoceanshavebeenpollutedmuch,

(但許多人還沒(méi)有意識(shí)到危險(xiǎn)).andithashelpedustobroadenourhorizonswhiletheresttypesareverydullwhenhetrippedoverabigrockbutmanypeoplehaven’trealizedthedanger5.(2022全國(guó)乙卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))65%ofthestudentschoosetolistentoEnglishsongs,

(而他們中只有12%瀏覽英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站).

6.(2021天津6月卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))Welookliketwins,

(但我們完全不同).

7.(2020全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))

(他不僅是我的父親),butheisalsothepersonthatIrespectmost.

8.Hehastroubleinreading,

(因?yàn)樗囊暳Σ缓?.

whileonly12%ofthemvisitEnglishlearningwebsitesbutwearecompletelydifferentHeisnotonlymyfatherforhehaspoorsight二、富有文采的狀語(yǔ)從句1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞:①常用的有when,as,while,assoonas,before,after,since,till,until;②特殊的有theminute,themoment,everytime,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner...than,hardly...when,scarcely...when(1)(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Itdidn’ttakelongbeforehepickedhimselfupagainandcontinuedhismission.沒(méi)過(guò)多久,他又站了起來(lái),繼續(xù)他的使命。(2)(2021天津3月卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))Isincerelyhopeyourdreamwillcometrueandit’smypleasuretoshowyouaroundBeijingwhen

that

day

comes.我真誠(chéng)地希望你的夢(mèng)想成真,到那時(shí)我會(huì)很高興帶你參觀北京。2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞常用:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhereIfyouaretravelingwhere

the

customs

are

totally

different

from

your

own,youmayfeelaculturalshock.如果你在一個(gè)風(fēng)俗與你當(dāng)?shù)赝耆煌牡胤铰糜?你可能會(huì)感到文化沖擊。3.目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞常用:sothat,inorderthat(2022全國(guó)乙卷滿分作文)AsfarasIamconcerned,studentsshoulddomorelisteningandspeakingso

that/in

order

thattheycandeveloptheircommunicationskills.就我而言,學(xué)生應(yīng)該多聽(tīng)和多說(shuō),這樣才能培養(yǎng)他們的溝通技巧。4.原因狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞:①常用的有because,since,as,for;②特殊的有nowthat,consideringthat,giventhat(2022全國(guó)甲卷滿分作文)What’smore,oceanshaveagreateffectonworldclimatebecausetheycantakeinheatfromthesun.更重要的是,海洋對(duì)世界氣候有很大的影響,因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢晕仗?yáng)的熱量。5.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞常用:so...that,such...thatYouareso

kind

and

considerate

that

we

hope

to

be

friends

with

younomatterwhereyouare.你們?nèi)绱松屏?、體貼,無(wú)論你們?cè)谀睦?我們都希望成為你們的朋友。6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞常用:if,unless,incase,aslongas,onlyif,onconditionthat(2022天津6月卷滿分作文)Anyone,as

long

asyouareinterestedinoralEnglish,canjoinus,toexploreanewworld.任何人,只要你對(duì)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)感興趣,都可以加入我們,一起探索新的世界。7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞常用:though,although,evenif/though,while,特殊疑問(wèn)詞-ever,as,whether...or(not)...(1)(2023全國(guó)甲卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))IhavelearnedfromXuXiakethatwhateverwedoweshoulddotheminpersonandexploretheunknownbravely.我從徐霞客身上學(xué)到了,做任何事情都要親力親為,勇于探索未知。(2)Everystudent,no

matter

how

talented

or

hard-working,willcomeacrossdifficultiesinhisorherstudy.每位學(xué)生,不管他或她有多么聰明、多么努力,在學(xué)習(xí)中總會(huì)遇到困難。三、光彩奪目的定語(yǔ)從句1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切,沒(méi)有逗號(hào)與先行詞隔開(kāi),應(yīng)正確使用關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。(1)(2023新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)Furthermore,forthosewhoareweakinoralEnglish,wouldyougivethemmoreadviceandchancestopracticespeaking?此外,對(duì)于那些英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)較弱的學(xué)生,你會(huì)給他們更多的建議和練習(xí)口語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)嗎?(2)(2020江蘇卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))Ithasalwaysbeenanattractionforthose

whoarekeenonChinese.對(duì)于那些喜歡中文的人來(lái)說(shuō),它一直有吸引力。2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)所修飾的成分做進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思,它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。(1)(2023全國(guó)甲卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))OneofhisachievementswasthathediscoveredthesourceoftheJinshaRiver,whichheprovedwasthesourceoftheYangtzeRiver.他的成就之一是發(fā)現(xiàn)了金沙江的源頭,并證明了金沙江就是長(zhǎng)江的源頭。(2)(2021全國(guó)甲卷,書(shū)面表達(dá))Ourschoolwillholdathemeclassmeeting,which

willbeexhibitedontheEnglishwebsite.我們學(xué)校將舉辦一個(gè)主題班會(huì),它將在英文網(wǎng)站上展示。3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句此結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞指人用whom,指物用which。(1)Materialcollectingtookusawholeweek,during

whichweinterviewedourteachersandtookpicturesofeveryaspectofschoollife.搜集材料花了我們整整一周的時(shí)間,在此期間我們采訪了我們的老師并拍攝了學(xué)校生活的各個(gè)方面。(2)(2020新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)LastSunday,ourschoolhelda5kmcross-countryrace,the

route

of

whichstartedfromourschoolgatetotheSouthMountain.上周日,我校舉行了一場(chǎng)5千米越野賽,比賽路線從校門(mén)開(kāi)始,一直到南山。4.which,as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which和as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在高考范文中更是屢見(jiàn)不鮮。(1)Lastweek,wetooktheforeignstudentstoexperiencetheauthenticteaculture,which

turned

out

to

be

extremely

rewarding.上周,我們帶領(lǐng)外國(guó)學(xué)生體驗(yàn)了正宗的茶文化,結(jié)果證明非常值得。(2)As

is

often

the

case,peopletendtotalkloudinpublicplaces,annoyingothersaround.人們傾向于在公共場(chǎng)所高聲談話干擾周?chē)娜?這是常有的事。四、豐富多彩的名詞性從句1.主語(yǔ)從句(1)(2022全國(guó)甲卷滿分作文)Firstofall,what

we

can

doisplaceimportanceonourdailyactions.首先,我們能做的就是重視我們的日常行為。(2)(2023新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)Inmyview,itisbetterthatstudentscanchoosetheirownpartnersbasedontheirlanguageabilitiesandpersonalpreferences.在我看來(lái),學(xué)生最好根據(jù)自己的語(yǔ)言能力和個(gè)人喜好來(lái)選擇自己的搭檔。2.表語(yǔ)從句(that在表語(yǔ)從句中不作成分,但不能省略)(1)(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷滿分作文)Yourtakingmyinvitationintoconsiderationiswhat

I

expect.我希望你能考慮我的邀請(qǐng)。(2)(2022全國(guó)甲卷滿分作文)The

most

important

thing

is

thatweindividualsshouldraiseourawarenessofenvironmentprotection,reducingourcarbonfootprintandlivingagreenlifestyle.最重要的是,我們個(gè)人應(yīng)該提高我們的環(huán)保意識(shí),減少我們的碳足跡,過(guò)綠色生活。3.賓語(yǔ)從句(注意語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài))(1)(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,讀后續(xù)寫(xiě))Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool’scoachandaskedhimwhat

had

happened.我迅速在人群中尋找學(xué)校的教練,問(wèn)他發(fā)生了什么事。(2)I’dalsoliketoknowhow

much

I

have

to

pay

for

the

course

and

whether

accommodation

is

included.我還想知道我要付多少學(xué)費(fèi),是否包含住宿。4.同位語(yǔ)從句(前后互相解釋,地位平等)(1)We

hold

the

firm

belief

thatthevisitorswillknowmoreabouttraditionalChinesecultureandatthesametimeenjoythebeautyofit.我們堅(jiān)信游客會(huì)了解更多的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化,與此同時(shí)享受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的美。(2)No

one

can

deny

the

fact

thatsmokingleadstolungcancer.沒(méi)有人能否認(rèn)吸煙能導(dǎo)致肺癌這一事實(shí)。雕詞琢句句式升級(jí)/用從句完成句子1.Heranslowerthanothers,buthekeptonrunningandrunning.→

,hekeptonrunningandrunning.2.(2022新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷,應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作)“TalkandTalk”isaprogram.Itisdesignedtointerviewsomepeopletotalkabouteverythingpositive,coveringlife,work,studyandsoon.→“TalkandTalk”isaprogram

somepeopletotalkabouteverythingpositive,cover