現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)年月真題

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1、【單選題】AfamousquotationfromShakespeare’splayRomeoandJuliet:"WA

rosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet"maywellillustratethe__________

natureoflanguage.

arbitrary

motivated

A:

social

B:

cultural

C:

答D:案：A

2、【單選題】Accordingto__________,vowelscanbeclassifiedintothreegroups:

front,central,andback.

theopennessofthemouth

theshapeofthelips

A:

thepositionofthetongue

B:

thelengthofthevowels

C:

答D:案：C

3、【單選題】Thenumberofmorphemescontainedintheword“underdeveloped”

is__________.

one

two

A:

three

B:

four

C:

答D:案：C

4、【單選題】IntheX-bartheory,thecomplementinthephrase“regularlycheck

hisE-mailbox”is__________.

regularly

check

A:

box

B:

hisE-mailbox

C:

答D:案：D

5、【單選題】Whenwesay“Thebookhasafinger”,itisatypicalexampleofa

sentencewhichis__________.

semanticallywell-formed

semanticallyinconsistent

A:

semanticallycontradicted

B:

semanticallyanomalous

C:

答D:案：D

6、【單選題】AccordingtoJohnSearle,theillocutionaryactoftheutterance

“Ipromisetocome”belongsto__________.

directives

commissives

A:

declarations

B:

expressives

C:

答D:案：B

7、【單選題】Thefollowingtopicsfallintothescopeofhistorical

linguisticsEXCEPT__________.

soundchange

morphologicalchange

A:

syntacticchange

B:

registervarieties

C:

答D:案：D

8、【單選題】Itisthe__________differencesthathaveoftenbeenusedto

illustratethe“illogic”ofBlackEnglish.

morphological

syntactic

A:

phonological

B:

semantic

C:

答D:案：B

9、【單選題】Accordingtothelateralizationtheory,whichofthefollowingis

NOTtheprimaryfunctionofthelefthemisphereofthebrain?

Calculation.

Analyticreasoning.

A:

B:

Temporalordering.

Visualandspatialskills.

C:

答D:案：D

10、【單選題】Ingeneral,children’stwo-wordstagebeginsroughly__________.

inthelatepartofthefirstyearortheearlypartofthesecondyear

inthesecondhalfofthesecondyear

A:

betweentwoandthreeyearsold

B:

betweenfourandfiveyearsold

C:

答D:案：B

11、【問答題】S__________descriptionsareoftenthoughtofasbeing

descriptionsofalanguageasitexistsatthepresentdayandmostlinguistic

studiesareofthistype.

答案：Synchronic

12、【問答題】Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthe

pharyngeal,o__________,andnasalcavities.

答案：oral

13、【問答題】Phonetically,thestressofacompoundwordusuallyfallsonthe

f__________element.

答案：first

14、【問答題】Asimplesentenceconsistsofasinglec__________whichcontains

asubjectandapredicate.

答案：clause

15、【問答題】Thesentence“Greencloudsaresleepingfuriously”isnot

s__________meaningfulbutgrammaticallywell-formed.

答案：semantically

16、【問答題】Allthespeechactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethe

samepurposeorthesamei__________point.

答案：illocutionary

17、【問答題】Physiologically,vowelstendtoben__________beforenasal

consonantsbecauseitisdifficulttotimetheloweringofthevelumtoproduce

nasalitywiththeconsonantarticulation.

答案：nasalized

18、【問答題】S__________isacasualuseoflanguagethatconsistsof

expressivebutnonstandardvocabulary,typicallyofarbitrary,flashyandoften

ephemeralcoinagesandfiguresofspeechcharacterizedbyspontaneityand

sometimesbyraciness.

答案：Slang

19、【問答題】Muchevidenceinsupportoflateralizationforlanguageinthe

lefthemispherecomesfromresearchesind__________listeningtasks.

答案：dichotic

20、【問答題】Adultsaremotivatedtolearnasecondlanguagebecauseofa

communicativeneed.Theymaylearnasecondlanguageinordertouseit

functionally,inwhichcasei__________motivationoccurs.

答案：instrumental

21、【問答題】WhileSaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguage,Chomskylooks

atlanguagefromapsychologicalpointofview.

答案：A

22、【問答題】Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentence

ratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownastone.

答案：B

解析：Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthan

thewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasintonation.

23、【問答題】Morphologycanbedividedintotwosub-branches:lexical

morphologyandderivationalmorphology.

答案：B

解析：Lexicalmorphplogyandderivationalmorphologyareofthe

samething.Morphologycanbedividedintotwosub-branches;inflectional

morphologyandderivationalmorphology.

24、【問答題】Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutloss

ofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.

答案：A

25、【問答題】Thesentence“Thecatarebarkingatthedog”onlyviolates

semanticrules.

答案：B

解析：Thesentence“Thecatarebarkingatthedog”violatesonly

grammaticalruleswithoutviolatingsemanticrules.

26、【問答題】Thefivetypesofgeneralcategoriesofspeechactsdistinguished

byJohnAustinarerepresentatives,directives,commissives,expressives

anddeclarations.

答案：B

解析：Thefivetypesofgeneralcategoriesofspeechactsdistinguishedby

JohnSearlearerepresentatives,directives,commissives,expressives

anddeclarations.

27、【問答題】ModernEnglishhasanelaboratesystemofcasemarkingthrough

overtmorphologicalchanges,thusitswordorderismorevariablethanthatof

OldEnglish.

答案：B

解析：OldEnglishhasanelaboratesystemofcasemarkingthrough

overtmorphologicalchanges,thusitswordorderwassomewhatmorevariable

thanthatofModernEnglish.

28、【問答題】Pidginsarerule-governed,simplifiedlanguagewithreduced

grammaticalfeatures.

答案：A

29、【問答題】Whenabilingualspeakerswitchesbetweenthetwolanguages

concerned,heorsheisconvertingonemodeofthinkingintotheother.

答案：B

解析：Whenabilingualspeakerswitchesbetweenthetwolanguagesconcerned,

heorsheisnotconvertingonemodeofthinkingintotheother.

30、【問答題】Thesoundsandsyllablesthatchildrenutteratthebabblingstage

aremeaningless.

答案：A

31、【問答題】duality（ofstructure）

答案：Duality(ofstructure)isonedesignfeatureoflanguagewhichmeans

thatlanguageisasystemconsistingoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.At

thelowerorthebasiclevelthereisastructureofsounds,whichare

meaningless.Butthesoundsoflanguagecanbegroupedandregroupedintoa

largenumberofunitsofmeaningsuchasmorphemesandwords,whicharefoundat

thehigherlevelofthesystem.Forexample,thegroupingofthethree

sounds/k/,/a:/,and/p/canmeaneitherakindoffish(carp),orapublicplace

forrestandamusement(park).

32、【問答題】minimalpair

答案：Whentwowordsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegment

whichoccursinthesameplaceinthewordstrings,thetwowordsaresaidto

formaminimalpair,forexample,pillandbill.

33、【問答題】inflectionalmorpheme

答案：Inflectionalmorphemearemorphemesthatmanifestvarious

grammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,tense,degree,and

case,forexample,-ingindicatingprogressiveaspect.

34、【問答題】syntacticmovement

答案：Syntacticmovementoccurswhenaconstituentinasentencemovesoutof

itsoriginalplacetoanewplace.

35、【問答題】argument

答案：Anargumentisalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidentical

withthenominalelement(s)inasentence.

36、【問答題】conversationalimplicature

答案：Conversationalimplicaturereferstowhataspeakerintends

tocommunicate,coveringcaseswhereverweviolateanyofthefourmaximsof

thecooperativeprincipleourlanguagebecomesindirect.

37、【問答題】diachroniclinguistics

答案：Diachroniclinguisticsisatermusedinsteadofhistoricallinguistics

torefertothestudyof