ii關于?孚iiiiivv綜述4研究背景專欄:新?品原料監(jiān)管70顧問委員會?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023圖2.國內(nèi)植物基品牌植物蛋?原料舉例圖3.利?不同植物組織化蛋??產(chǎn)整塊?、重組圖16.我國新?品原料、?品添加劑新品種和轉基因?品的簡要審批流程表3.農(nóng)作物綜合利?可?性的評分標準表4.篩選微?物農(nóng)作物綜合利?可?性分析表5.?六種候選農(nóng)作物綜合利?可?性評分結果表6.部分農(nóng)作物中未充分利?的蛋?量與價格參考表7.不同類別單細胞蛋?來源?較概覽表10.微?物蛋?資源的優(yōu)勢和挑戰(zhàn)?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023MillionMetricTonsSinglecellproteinTexturedvegetableproteindryweightSugarcanedistillerywastewaterFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNationsProteinDigestibilityCorrectedAminoAcidScoreDigestibleIndispensableAminoAcidScoreUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureThreonineTryptophanHistidineLeucineValineMethionineCystinePhenylalanineTyrosineIsoleucineUnitedStatesDollar2CarbondioxideChemicalOxygenDemandSSFSolidstatefermentationSubmergedfermentationGenerallyrecognizedassafeFungalimmunomodulatoryproteinsDocosahexaenoicacidTheMinistryofAgricultureandRuralA?airsChinaNationalCenterforFoodSafetyRiskAssessmentWorldHealthOrganizationNationalHealthCommissionofthePRC本報告指出了中國農(nóng)作物?產(chǎn)中具備相對成熟的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、卻被低估的豐富蛋?質(zhì)資源，尤其提出了農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品和廢棄物中的蛋?質(zhì)?效循環(huán)利?的途徑及?案，并對最有前景的微?物蛋?質(zhì)來源進?了全?分析。在分析中，不僅評估了蛋?的特性，同時討論了可獲得性、中國的競爭優(yōu)勢和相關法規(guī)等因素。發(fā)酵、燃料、污?處理等領域都有極?應?價值，但是本篇能應?在?品中。以達到保障糧?安全、減少資源消耗、降低環(huán)境污?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023類的質(zhì)構特性，建議增強對(??菌、霉菌)菌絲體蛋?倍。但世界?前的?類?產(chǎn)?式?法在實現(xiàn)全球?候、健康、糧?安全和?物多樣性?標的同保持?前的蛋?質(zhì)?產(chǎn)?式不變，那時世界上的蛋?就不夠??1，?類將會?臨“蛋?危機”。蛋?質(zhì)的短缺不僅因此，“新蛋?”應運??。新蛋?是指通過推動技術變?和原料創(chuàng)新，所研發(fā)、?產(chǎn)和供應的，?以對標四五”》規(guī)劃中明確表?，中國將通過發(fā)展未來?品制造和發(fā)展合成?物學技術、探索研發(fā)“?造蛋?”等新型?品FAO.2018.Thefutureoffoodandagriculture?Alternativepathwaysto2050.Summaryversion.Rome.60pp.Licence:CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO.GFI.StateoftheIndustryReport|Plant-basedmeat,seafood,eggs,anddairy,n.d.https://g?.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2022-Plant-Based-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1-1.pdf.?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023*新蛋?來源*植物蛋?來源*微?物蛋?來源*中國植物基?制品產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)狀*原料選擇*植物?加?*中國植物?產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈55酸、異亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蘇氨酸、?氨酸、纈氨酸9。膳?蛋4。TheGoodFoodInstitute在報告中表明混合兩種或多種不同的植物蛋?有助于實現(xiàn)特定的產(chǎn)品開發(fā)?標。例如豌?和??蛋?的組合具有良好的乳化和熱凝?特性；鷹嘴?和??蛋?的組合作為是?Zhou,Caiqiong,andYulinZhou.ShiPinYingYangXue.Beijing:ZhongGuoZhiJianChuBanShe,2012.Wang,Zhijun,YongbinHan,andXiaolingYao.ShiPinGongYiXue.Beijing:ZhongGuoZhiJianChuBanShe,2012.Wang,Yi,BoLyu,HonglingFu,JiaxinLi,LeiJi,HaoGong,RuiningZhang,JingshengLiu,andHansongYu.“TheDevelopmentProcessofPlant-BasedMeatAlternatives:RawMaterialFormulationsandProcessingStrategies.”FoodResearchInternational167(May2023):112689./10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112689.Ahmad,Mudasir,ShahidaQureshi,MansoorHussainAkbar,ShahidaAnushaSiddiqui,AdilGani,MehveshMushtaq,IfrahHassan,andSanjuBalaDhull.“Plant-BasedMeatAlternatives:CompositionalAnalysis,CurrentDevelopmentandChallenges.”AppliedFoodResearch2,no.2(December2022):100154./10.1016/j.afres.2022.100154.JinchuangZhang,LiLiu,YuanrongJiang,ShahFaisal,LinlinWei,ChunjieCao,WenhuiYan&QiangWang*.Convertingpeanutproteinbiomasswasteinto‘doublegreen’meatsubstitutesusingahigh-moistureextrusionprocess:amulti-scalemethodtoexploreaprocessforformingameat-like?brousstructure.JournalofAgriculturalandFoodChemistry,2019,67:10713?10725.doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02711NationalResearchCouncil(US)SubcommitteeontheTenthEditionoftheRecommendedDietaryAllowances.RecommendedDietaryAllowances:10thEdition.Washington(DC):NationalAcademiesPress(US);1989.6,ProteinandAminoAcids.Availablefrom:/books/NBK234922/?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023蛋?質(zhì)質(zhì)量是評價蛋?質(zhì)中必需氨基酸含量的指標。常?的蛋?質(zhì)質(zhì)量評價?法化學評分(chemicalscore，CS)、氨基酸評分(aminoacidscore，AAS)、必需氨基酸指數(shù)(essentialaminoacidindex，要的標準蛋?(“全雞蛋模式”)相?較來反應蛋?質(zhì)中必需氨基酸組成和含量與?體需要的?例之間GFI.PlantProteinPrimer,2021.https://g?.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/GFI-Plant-Based-Meat-Fact-Sheet_Environmental-Comparison.pdf.?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023植物基?制品團體標準和2022年發(fā)表的植物基?品的科學共識。其中指出：植物基?品(Plant-based畜、禽、?產(chǎn)等動物?制品質(zhì)構、?味、形態(tài)等特征的?品”13。?標準中對于植物?和傳統(tǒng)素?的差別并未有明確劃分。全球新蛋?產(chǎn)業(yè)智庫TheGoodFoodInstitute(GF基?制品”包括新蛋?產(chǎn)品中的兩類：植物蛋?和微?物發(fā)酵。這樣的定義雖然在現(xiàn)階段可以概括?部分上市產(chǎn)品，植物基?品的科學共識(2022年版)[N].中國?品報.2022-11-30(004).DOI:10.28137/ki.ncspb.2022.001781.CIFST.Plant-basedmeatproducts,2020./uploads/?le/20201225/1608879643796557.pdf.GFI.“Plant-BasedMeatManufacturingCapacityandPathwaysforExpansion.”TheGoodFoodInstitute.Accessed2024.https://g?.org/resource/plant-based-meat-manufacturing-capacity-and-pathways-for-expansion/.?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023帶素有??鷹嘴?的習慣。以?列初創(chuàng)公司Meat.TheE堡15。印度是菠蘿蜜的主要?產(chǎn)國之?，被認為國18，?扇?蛋?質(zhì)含量達到36%，是良好的植物性Wrobel,Sharon.“IsraeliFoodTechStartupDebutsTexturizedChickpeaProtein‘Meat’Burger.”TheTimesofIsreal,April20,2023.https://www.timeso?/israeli-food-tech-startup-debuts-?rst-chickpea-based-meat-burger/.ChandrakanthReddy,I.,C.Prabakar,K.SitaDevi,T.Ponnarasi,andY.SheltonPeter.“AnEconomicAnalysisonJackfruitProductionandMarketinginCuddaloreDistrictOftamilnadu,India.”PlantArchives19(2019):2801?9.“India'sWakaoFoodsLaunchesBurgerPattyMadefromJackfruit&PeaProtein.”vegconomist,March14,2023./food-and-beverage/meat-and-?sh-alternatives/india-wakao-foods-burger-jackfruit/.“LupinProductionandTopProducingCountries.”Tridge.Accessed2024./intelligences/lupin-bean/production.Nicholas,Lorna.“WideOpenAgricultureEntersMulti-Billion-DollarPlant-BasedProteinMarket.”SmallCaps,May23,2020..au/wide-open-agriculture-enters-multi-billion-dollar-plant-based-protein-market/.“WOADevelopsLupinProteinThatCouldReplaceSoyacrossPlant-BasedSector-Vegconomist-TheVeganBusinessMagazine.”vegconomist,June1,2021./food-and-beverage/woa-develops-lupin-protein-that-could-replace-soy-across-plant-based-sector/.?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023國家發(fā)改委公布的《“?四五”?物經(jīng)濟發(fā)展規(guī)劃》中已明確表?中國將通過發(fā)展未來?題提供了借鑒和啟迪。但2023年中國仍需進?糧?1.62億噸(其中?部分?于油料和飼料)。中國為保障糧?安全障糧?等重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有效供給作為農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的?要任務。通過落實最嚴格的耕地保護制度，牢牢守資源拓展”和“加強國際糧?安全合作”等國家發(fā)展?向都為在中國推?新蛋?提供了良好在植物?加?中，質(zhì)構化是?常重要的?步。這是因為植物中的蛋?結構往往是球狀的(如??的??球蛋?和β-伴上的?法包括紡絲法、3D打印法和利?微?物發(fā)酵產(chǎn)??物質(zhì)的?法。“?上?下”的?法包括冷凍、擠壓等。其科學院?品加?研究所王強團隊在??分花?拉絲蛋?制備上取得了許多成果司、新素?、星期零等公司也陸續(xù)推出??分擠壓McClements,DavidJulian,andLutzGrossmann.“TheScienceofPlant‐basedFoods:ConstructingNext‐generationMeat,Fish,Milk,andEggAnalogs.”ComprehensiveReviewsinFoodScienceandFoodSafety20,no.4(May30,2021):4049?4100./10.1111/1541-4337.12771.“Depth:InterpretationoftheDi?erencesbetweenPlant-BasedMeatProductsunderHighandLowMoistureExtrusionProcesses（深度:解讀?低?分擠壓?藝下，植物??品的不同）.”ArrowMachinery.AccessedJanuary31,2024./news/shendujiedugaodishuifenjiyagongyixiazhiwuroushipindebutong/.JinchuangZhang,LiLiu,HongzhiLiu,AshtonYoon,SyedS.H.Rizvi,QiangWang*.Changesinconformationandqualityofvegetableproteinduringtexturizationprocessbyextrusion.CriticalReviewsinFoodScienceandNutrition,2019,59(20):3267-3280.doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1487383）LeverChina.“SulianSuccessfullyDevelopedHighMoistureExtrusionEquipment,and‘ShanKeChuanQi’WillStartSellingaNewGenerationofPlant-BasedMeatnextMonth(素’下?將開售新?代植物?).”Lever,2020./?p=4638.QiangWang,LiLiu,JinchuangZhang,SongZhu,HongzhiLiu,AiminShi,HuiHu.AHigh-moisturetexturizedpeanutproteinandaPreparationMethodThereof.USpatent,15/791,845?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023*概覽*農(nóng)作物分析的標準*篩選*綜合利?可?性*微?物分析的標準*篩選*綜合利?可?性*蛋?質(zhì)特性*數(shù)據(jù)來源?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023新穎性尚未被?型原料商開法規(guī)有??歷史，*產(chǎn)量*副產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)程度*副產(chǎn)品(蛋?質(zhì)相關)的?產(chǎn)規(guī)模*加?過程中有?型企業(yè)參與*政策?持:價值鏈開發(fā)的潛在動因*廢棄物利?:殘渣總量(餅、粕、渣、糠、外殼、顆粒等)中的蛋?質(zhì)含量(%)及相應產(chǎn)量(噸)*價格預估*繁殖速率與蛋??產(chǎn)效率*蛋?質(zhì)含量及特定功能性成分*培養(yǎng):給料、培養(yǎng)中的困難以及繁殖率?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023*產(chǎn)量*貿(mào)易逆差*新穎性?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023*農(nóng)業(yè)種植?積、作物產(chǎn)量、中國產(chǎn)量與世界產(chǎn)量?值、種植區(qū)域*分銷:主要貿(mào)易形式、定價*供應鏈:階段、加?能?和產(chǎn)能、關鍵參與者*貿(mào)易:進出?量、價值*政策和影響趨勢*廢棄物利?:總殘留物(餅粉、殼、顆粒等)蛋?產(chǎn)量*價格:與??相?原作物或?蛋?副產(chǎn)品的售價等)蛋?含量噸噸?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023于可能影響它們綜合利?可?性的關鍵特征。理想的?于蛋?質(zhì)?尾的附加參考?獻部分。進??對?深?訪談的專家包括研究?員、?業(yè)協(xié)會、供應鏈*概覽*推薦名單選析*油茶籽*?薯*??*茶葉*核桃*農(nóng)作物部分結果與討論?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023nameEnglishname況持甜菜Sugarbeet145544551?薯Sweetpotato3554324542油茶籽Camelliaseed544544513葵花籽Sun?owerseed233354354??Foxtailmillet533522445棉花籽Cottonseed25444451614355537糜?Prosomillet5324222438烤煙Flue-curedtobacco23445321911334531板栗Chinesechestnut43132331?稞Highlandbarley532124112332232紅??Adzukibean51232222核桃Walnut332233215132221杏仁apricotkernel5214211?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023費，8.82%?作護膚品?產(chǎn)原料。油茶籽油約占中李雪,譚運壽,?貴剛等.油茶籽油研究應?進展[J].中國糧油學報,20劉翔.油茶籽粕酶解及其美拉德反應產(chǎn)物?味?薯(學名:Dioscoreaesculenta)也稱為甜薯、?薯陳喜,陸建珍,汪翔等.中國?薯?產(chǎn)布局變遷及動因分析[J].中國農(nóng)業(yè)資源與區(qū)劃,2022,43?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023?薯加?中?集中在?東、河南、四川和湖北。這四個張靖杰,國鴿,李鵬?.薯類蛋?對?體健康的影響及?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023劉敬科,張?宗,劉瑩瑩等.??蛋?組分分析研究[J].?品與機械,2014,30?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023全國知名茶葉品牌包括湖南省茶業(yè)集團股份有限公司、浙江華茗?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023下途徑:*茶末還可以?于動物飼料、卷煙和茶酒等產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)41,42,43,44。吳萍萍.茶渣、茶末對育肥豬?產(chǎn)性能及豬?品質(zhì)影響研究進展[J].?江?學學報(?科版),王偉偉,陳琳,張建勇等.茶末的綜合利?研究進展[J].?品研究與開發(fā),202龔舒蓓,林柃敏.茶渣的再利?研究進展[J].飲料?業(yè),201?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023王威威,昝麗霞,張?夷等.茶蛋?的提取?法及?物活性研究進展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)技術與?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023量的31.4%。核桃仁的蛋?質(zhì)含量為24%。核桃中含有?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023云南、江西、四川和陜西四省的核桃種植?積占全國總?積的72%。(?西?寨飲品有限公司?寨核桃露、河北養(yǎng)元智匯飲品股份有限陳婷,巖蓉,任娟.核桃蛋?的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及前景探討[J].?品安全導刊,2018(18):125[2]豁銀強,劉傳菊,聶榮祖等.核桃蛋?的組成、制備及特性研究進展[J].中國糧油學報,202楊曦.氧化環(huán)境中槲?素對核桃蛋?致敏性豁銀強,劉傳菊,聶榮祖等.核桃蛋?的組成、制備及特性研究進展[J].中國糧油學報張亭,杜倩,李勇.核桃的營養(yǎng)成分及其保健功能的研究進展[J].中國?物與營養(yǎng),2018,2?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023*本報告中分析的?部分農(nóng)作物中，其新型蛋?的??在中國都要經(jīng)過新?品原料的審批，都?臨著?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023但是它們在特定地區(qū)有很強的優(yōu)勢。例如:*本報告在分析中主要考慮原作物的進出?量，選擇了出?較多、不依賴進?的物種，并沒有參考副?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023————●——————?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023*概覽*分類選析*霉菌*??菌*酵?*微藻*微?物部分總結?孚中國新蛋?資源分析報告2023從微?物來源獲得的蛋?質(zhì)稱為“單細胞蛋?(SCP)”，包括任何以?物質(zhì)或提取蛋?形式存在的蛋?質(zhì)5253。Quron公司成功商業(yè)化的微?物蛋??物質(zhì)Fusariumvenenatum)等霉菌55、釀酒酵?和巴斯德畢?酵?等酵?D.;Matassa,S.;Noor,E.;Shepon,A.;Milo,R.;Bar-Even,A.Photovoltaic-drivenmicrobialproteinproductioncanuselandandsunlightmoree?cientlythanconventionalcrops.Koukoumaki,DanaiIoanna,ErmintaTsouko,SeraphimPapanikolaou,ZachariasIoannou,PanagiotaDiamantopoulou,andDimitrisSarris.“RecentAdvancesintheProductionofSingleCellProteinfromRenewableResourcesandApplications.”CarbonResourcesConversion7,no.2(June2024):100195./10.1016/j.crcon.2023.07.004.Ritala,A.;H?kkinen,S.T.;Toiva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