秘籍02閱讀理解.推理判斷題

目錄

高考預(yù)測(cè)考查概率預(yù)測(cè)；難度預(yù)測(cè)；考向預(yù)測(cè)

應(yīng)試秘籍?？碱}型解題技法分析

典例剖析單題訓(xùn)練（文體分類）篇章?？碱}訓(xùn)練

誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)點(diǎn)梳理習(xí)題訓(xùn)練鞏固

名校模擬2023最新省市名校模擬真題考點(diǎn)綜合訓(xùn)練

高考預(yù)測(cè)

概率預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆☆

難度預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆

①應(yīng)用文的考查（同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)；同義詞替換；數(shù)字計(jì)算及單位換算）

考向預(yù)測(cè)②記敘文的考查（同義句的替換；主要是動(dòng)詞；形容詞的替換）

③說(shuō)明文的考查（同義句的替換；句式替換；主被動(dòng)）

應(yīng)試秘籍

閱讀理解推理判斷題可謂是閱讀理解高頻考點(diǎn)；且考查難度相對(duì)于主旨題而言比較容易；所以掌握此

考點(diǎn)至關(guān)重要.

1.從考點(diǎn)頻率看，超高頻（必考點(diǎn)；15個(gè)閱讀理解題；細(xì)節(jié)題占比3-5個(gè)）

2.從題型難度看，較易；基本幾種在題型句式的替換方面

-：設(shè)題特點(diǎn)

記敘文類閱讀理解

設(shè)題特點(diǎn)：

閱讀理解以細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主，詞義猜測(cè)題和主旨大意題為輔，屬中等難度。

滿分策略：

I.首先弄清記敘文的六要素和記敘的順序，注意多個(gè)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物等。理清事件的起因、經(jīng)過(guò)和

結(jié)果（有時(shí)涉及細(xì)節(jié)排序題）。說(shuō)明文的說(shuō)明對(duì)象；議論文的中心論點(diǎn)

2.閱讀題干，定位關(guān)鍵詞，查找相關(guān)信息。

3.根據(jù)原文相關(guān)信息，做出正確選擇。

4.留意描寫(xiě)心理活動(dòng)和文末議論時(shí)所用的形容詞和副詞（可能涉及觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題）。

解題技巧1定位對(duì)比找答案

一定關(guān)鍵詞一一通過(guò)題干信息確定關(guān)鍵詞，如與人物、事件、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等相關(guān)的名詞或動(dòng)詞，

二查尋原文一一在原文中查讀關(guān)鍵詞原詞或其派生詞、近義詞或反義詞，找相關(guān)句子

三細(xì)對(duì)比——比對(duì)選項(xiàng)和原文細(xì)節(jié)，確定答案

-：常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式

①題干中含有infer（推斷）、SUggeSt（建議）、imply（暗示）、COnClUde（推斷）等動(dòng)詞。

②題干中含有表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can、could、might或表可能性的詞，如PrObabIy、mostlikely等。

③題干中沒(méi)有明確的表推測(cè)的詞語(yǔ)，但須根據(jù)某具體細(xì)節(jié)推斷隱含信息。

④常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)形式有：WhatcanWeinfer/concludefromthepassage...?Theauthorsuggeststhat...

三：選項(xiàng)特征

一、選項(xiàng)特征

1.正確選項(xiàng)設(shè)置一般有下列幾個(gè)特征

（1）“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得；

（2）正確選項(xiàng)中一?般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念，如Only,never,all,absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一

點(diǎn)模糊,會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留下一些余地的詞匯,?∏often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,

could,possibly,PrObabIy等。

2.下列情況不是答案

（1）主觀想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn)不是答案

如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文中卻沒(méi)有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，不是正確答案，

因此要嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息進(jìn)行推理，千萬(wàn)不要摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

(2)簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)原文不是答案

如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案。

(3)過(guò)度推理不是答案

這類干擾選項(xiàng)往往過(guò)于絕對(duì)化，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)。nly,all,alWayS等詞語(yǔ)，所做出的結(jié)論不符合邏輯。

(4)滲入常識(shí)不是答案

按常識(shí)來(lái)講是正確的，但不是根據(jù)文章中的事實(shí)或論據(jù)推斷出來(lái)的結(jié)論。

綜上可知，同學(xué)們要對(duì)設(shè)題選項(xiàng)有個(gè)基本的了解，結(jié)合題目認(rèn)真解讀作者陳述的觀點(diǎn)和描述的事實(shí),

進(jìn)行正確合乎邏輯地推論和甄別，做到“有理有據(jù)“，去偽存真，從而得出符合原文信息的最佳答案。

受、典例割折

^∣JLInthe1750stheSwedishchemistKarlScheelewasthefirstpersontofindawaytoproducephosphorus.

Heinfactdiscoveredeightmorechemicalelementsincludingchlorine,thoughhedidn'tgetanypraiseforthem.

Hewasaverycleverscientist,buthisonefailingwasacurioushabitoftastingalittleofeverysubstancehe

workedwith.Thisriskypracticefinallycaughtupwithhim,andin1786hewasfounddeadinhislaboratory

surroundedbyalargenumberofdangerouschemicals,anyofwhichmighthavebeenresponsibleforhisdeath.

8：WhatdoweknowaboutKarlScheeleaccordingtothistext?

A.Hewaskilledbytastingphosphorus.

B.Hekilledhimselfwithsomedangerouschemicals.

C.Hishabitoftastingchemicalsmightaccountforhisdeath.

D.Hegotalargenumberofhonorsfordiscoveringmanychemicalelements.

【答案】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Hewasaverycleverscientist,buthisonefailingwasacurious

habitoftastingalittleofeverysubstanceheworkedwith.Thisriskypracticefinallycaughtupwithhim,

andin1786hewasfounddeadinhislaboratorysurroundedbyalargenumberofdangerouschemicals,any

ofwhichmighthavebeenresponsibleforhisdeath.（他是一個(gè)非常聰明的科學(xué)家，但他的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是有一個(gè)

好奇的習(xí)慣，即對(duì)他所研究的每一種物質(zhì)都要嘗一點(diǎn)。這種危險(xiǎn)的做法終于讓他吃了苦頭，1786年，他被

發(fā)現(xiàn)死在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里，周?chē)谴罅康奈ｋU(xiǎn)化學(xué)品，任何一種化學(xué)品都有可能導(dǎo)致他的死亡）”可推測(cè)，Karl

ScheeIe喜歡品嘗化學(xué)物質(zhì)的習(xí)慣可能是他死亡的原因。故選Co

例2.Howmanytimesdidyouwashyourhandsorbatheyesterday?

Finding:Seniors,onaverage,bathefewerthan3daysaweek.Andnearly30%washtheirhandsonly4timesa

day一halfofthenumberdoctorsrecommend.

6：Doctorssuggestthatpeopleshouldwashtheirhands.

A.twiceadayB.eighttimesadayC.fourtimesadayD.threetimesaday

【答案】推理判斷題。由第二個(gè)問(wèn)題部分Finding提到的“Andnearly30%washtheirhandsonly4times

aday—halfofthenumberwhichdoctorsrecommend”可知，幾乎百分之三十的老年人一天只洗四次手----

是醫(yī)生推薦量的一半，因此推斷醫(yī)生建議一天要洗八次手。故選B。

例J3.Chinesescientistshavecreatedtheworld,sfirstlight-basedquanlum（量子）computer,calledJiuzhang,opening

aneweraofquantumcomputation.It'sabreakthroughinthefieldafterGooglecompleteditsquantumcomputer

lastyear.

Comparedwithtoday'sbestsupercomputers,Jiuzhangcancalculate100,000billiontimesfaster.Forexample,

ittakesJiuzhang200secondstoperformGaussianbosonSamPIing（高斯玻色取樣問(wèn)題），anextremelychallenging

calculation,whilethefastestclassicalsupercomputer,Fugaku,wouldneedabout600millionyearstocompletethe

sametask.

2：Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?

A.Toinformreadersofanewinvention.

B.Toexplainhowquantumcomputerswork.

C.Tocomparedifferentsupercomputers.

DTointroducethedevelopmentofcomputers.

【答案】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Chinesescientistshavecreatedtheworld,sfirstlight-based

quantum（量子）computer,calledJiuzhang,openinganeweraofquantumcomputation.It,sabreakthrough

inthefieldafterGooglecompleteditsquantumcomputerlastyear.”（中國(guó)科學(xué)家創(chuàng)造了世界上第一臺(tái)基于

光的量子計(jì)算機(jī)，稱為九章，開(kāi)啟了量子計(jì)算的新時(shí)代。這是谷歌去年完成量子計(jì)算機(jī)后，這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的又

一個(gè)突破）由此可知，短文的主要目的是告知讀者一項(xiàng)新發(fā)明。故選A項(xiàng)。

自鐵區(qū)支被

推理判斷題是為了考查學(xué)生能否讀懂文章中字里行間隱含的含義，能否以文章中所敘述的事實(shí)為依據(jù),

經(jīng)過(guò)自己的思考和判斷進(jìn)行客觀的推理，從而得出結(jié)論。因此，命題者常常設(shè)置一些干擾項(xiàng)，沒(méi)讀懂文章

的學(xué)生很容易受其“迷惑”而“誤入歧途”，掉入命題者精心設(shè)置的“陷阱

陷阱（一）主觀臆斷

選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有基于原文進(jìn)行推斷，而是主觀猜測(cè)想象或根據(jù)常識(shí)進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

I典例］（2022?全國(guó)甲卷）

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressaretheWatChWordS（口號(hào)），andtraditionsare

increasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity,sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,

Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings."Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,,,she

said.??Wecan,tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.It?aconflictthatwe

aren'tgettinganybetteratresolving（解決）?“

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.?tislosingitstraditions.

B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.

D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

［解析］根據(jù)本段第一句"EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口號(hào)），

andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare."以及"...toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptaside

muchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.”可知，ShirleyFitzgerald認(rèn)為悉尼匆忙奔向現(xiàn)代化，使

得它正在失去原本的傳統(tǒng)。C、D兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容原文中根本未出現(xiàn)，屬于主觀臆斷。

［答案］A

陷阱（二）邏輯顛倒

某些選項(xiàng)顛倒原文邏輯，例如錯(cuò)誤歸因、倒置目的與手段等

［典例］（2021.新高考卷I）

About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchase

wetlandsandwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem-afactthatensuresthisland

willbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgone

intothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas

beencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.

30.WhatisadirectresultoftheActpassedin1934?

A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.

B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.

C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.

D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.

1解析］根據(jù)本段第一句可知，聯(lián)邦政府將出售鴨票的部分收入投入候鳥(niǎo)保護(hù)基金，用來(lái)保護(hù)水禽、濕地和

野生動(dòng)物棲息地。該項(xiàng)法案的直接結(jié)果是政府籌集到了資金，D項(xiàng)所述符合句意。干擾項(xiàng)B說(shuō)候鳥(niǎo)飛離，

是1934年頒布法案的原因，而非頒布法案的結(jié)果，屬于邏輯顛倒。

［答案］D

陷阱（三）過(guò)度推斷或以偏慨全

有時(shí)作者僅簡(jiǎn)單、客觀敘述事實(shí)，并未作出評(píng)論，而部分選項(xiàng)卻擴(kuò)大作者的敘述范圍、進(jìn)行過(guò)度推斷；或

者針對(duì)原文中某一句話進(jìn)行推斷，忽略了其他信息，造成以偏概全錯(cuò)誤

［典例］（2021.天津卷）

Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterests

maynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,who

isalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.Fascinatedbythe

structuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinese

philosophy.t?Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI,mexcitedΓmonthispursuit.”

54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?

A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.

B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.

C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.

D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.

［解析1根據(jù)本段第三句可知，作者引用Toni的例子意在說(shuō)明看似沒(méi)有關(guān)系的興趣實(shí)際在聯(lián)系著。干擾項(xiàng)C

τ?Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit,而原文中只提到Toni正在追求自己的興趣，并未評(píng)價(jià)是

否成功，也更不能推斷出所有人都有希望成功，屬于過(guò)度推斷。

［答案］D

陷阱（四）偷換概念

某些選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與原文句子結(jié)構(gòu)、詞匯使用高度相似，僅在不起眼處略微改動(dòng)用詞，或截取部分原文中

出現(xiàn)過(guò)的關(guān)鍵詞，但整體意思不符合原文主旨，此類選項(xiàng)干擾性較強(qiáng)

［典例］（2021?全國(guó)乙卷）

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.PlasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestSoUrCe（來(lái)源）ofplastic

pollution,butthey,verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseof

theirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat,spartofVonWong,sartworklikelycamefrom

adrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.

29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?

A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.

B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.

C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.

D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.

［解析］學(xué)生可能因?yàn)榭吹紹項(xiàng)中的useful,認(rèn)為應(yīng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文中Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong,sartwork

likelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.中的usedfor,從而誤選B項(xiàng)。然而原文只是

說(shuō)被收集的吸管很可能僅使用過(guò)幾分鐘，并不是說(shuō)明吸管的有用性，該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。根據(jù)本段第二

句可知，作者討論塑料吸管的目的在于說(shuō)明塑料吸管非常難以回收。

［答案］A

陷阱（五）背離主題

［典例］（2020?新高考卷∏）

Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionof

theresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.

“Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,,,Dr.Petroskiwrites,Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.

30.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Failurecanleadtoprogress.

B.Successresultsinoverconfidence.

C.Failureshouldbeavoided.

D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.

［解析］根據(jù)尾段中的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement”可知，失敗帶來(lái)了進(jìn)步，A項(xiàng)符合題意。干擾項(xiàng)C

說(shuō)人們應(yīng)避免失敗，與尾段主旨相矛盾，屬于背離主題。

［答案］A

修、名喉梗刎

l.o（2023?福建福州?福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？家荒＃〢nartistinOakland,Californiaisusinghisskillsto

helpthehomeless.GregKloehnbuildsverysmallsheltersthatmakelifeonthestreetsalittlemorecomfortable.

Thestructuresofferthehomelesssomesafetyandprotectionfrombadweather.Eachlittlehousealsohaswheels

onthebottomsoitcangowhereveritsownergoes.

GregKloehnhasgivenawayatleast20tinyhouses.Severalareontheroadsidenearanactiverailroad.Ona

recentday,Mr.KloehnstopsatonetovisitOscarYoung.Thetwomenhug.InsidehislittleshelterMr.Younggets

relieffromcoldnightsonthestreets.Mr.KloehnalsovisitsSweet-Pea,anotherfriendwhoalsolivesinoneofthe

littlehomestheartistbuilt.Shesaysitkeepshersafeandprotectsherbelongings.

Inthemornings,Mr.Kloehnsearchesthestreetsforbuildingmaterials.Hegatherswhathecanandtakesitto

hisstudio.There,heputsthehousestogether.Emptycoffeebagsbecomeroofmaterial.Awashingmachinedoor

andrefrigeratorpartbecomewindows.Nails,screwsandthestickyglueholdallthepiecestogether.Theartistalso

attachesasmallelectricaldevicetothehouse.Thedeviceispoweredbythesun.

Someofthepeoplelivingonthestreetsoncehadnormalhousesoftheirown.Butsomeofthepeoplesaythey

havelearnedtolivewithlessandtheyarethankfultothatman.

MnKloehnsayshisworkisnotasocialproject.Hesaysheisjustsomeoneusinghisskillstohelphis

homelessneighbors.

1.ThefollowingaretheadvantagesofthesmallsheltersEXCEPT.

A.savingpowerandenergy

B.protectingpossessionsofthehomeless

C.decoratingthestreetswheretheyare

D.keepingthehomelesssafeandcomfortable

2.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.

A.GregKloehnhassoldatleast20tinyhouses

B.anactofkindnesshasmadepeoplesimpleandgrateful

C.thesheltersareimmovable

D.thegovernmenthasgotinvolvedintheaction

3.Thepassageislikelytakenfrom.

A.anofficialreport

B.anartreview

C.asciencemagazine

D.anewsreport

4.What,sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Anartistcreateshomesforthehomeless.

B.Amorecomfortableshelteronthestreets.

C.AsuccessfulsocialprojectinOakland.

D.Anartistmakesalivingbydesigningsmallshelters.

【答案】?.C2.B3.D4.A

【分析】這是一篇記敘文。全文講述了一位藝術(shù)家用廢舊物品制造小房子并捐贈(zèng)給無(wú)家可歸的人的故事。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒第三段最后一句"ThedeviceispoweredbytheSUn.（這個(gè)裝置是由太陽(yáng)供電的）”可知，

這種小房子很省電，所以選項(xiàng)A是它的優(yōu)勢(shì)，排除選項(xiàng)A；根據(jù)第二段最后一句"Shesaysitkeepshersafeand

protectsherbelongings.（?fei?,這能保證她的安全，保護(hù)她的財(cái)產(chǎn)）”可知，這種小房子可以保護(hù)無(wú)家可歸者的

財(cái)產(chǎn),所以選項(xiàng)B是它的優(yōu)勢(shì)，排除選項(xiàng)B；根據(jù)第一段第一句和第二句"GregKloehnbuildsverysmallshelters

thatmakelifeonthestreetsalittlemorecomfortable.Thestructuresofferthehomelesssomesafetyandprotection

frombadweather.（GregKIOehn建造了非常小的庇護(hù)所，讓街道上的生活更加舒適。這些建筑為無(wú)家可歸者

提供了一些安全保障，并保護(hù)他們免受惡劣天氣的影響）“可知，這種小房子確保無(wú)家可歸者的安全和舒適，

所以選項(xiàng)D是它的優(yōu)勢(shì)，排除選項(xiàng)D；文中沒(méi)有提到這種小房子可以起到裝飾作用，所以選項(xiàng)C不是它的

優(yōu)勢(shì)，故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒第二段最后一句"Butsomeofthepeoplesaytheyhavelearnedtolivewithlessandthey

areIhankMtothalman.（但一些人說(shuō)，他們已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)用更少的錢(qián)生活，他們對(duì)那個(gè)人心存感激）”可知，一個(gè)

善舉讓人們變得簡(jiǎn)單和感恩。故選B。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"AnartistinOakland,Californiaisusinghisskillstohelpthehomeless.（?∏

利福尼亞州奧克蘭市的一位藝術(shù)家正在用他的技能幫助無(wú)家可歸的人）''可知，文章第一句就概括了全文，表

明文章要講的事情，所以這是新聞報(bào)道中的導(dǎo)語(yǔ)。根據(jù)最后一段“Mr.Klochnsayshisworkisnotasocialproject.

Hesaysheisjustsomeoneusinghisskillstohelphishomelessneighbors.（克勒恩先生說(shuō)，他的工作不是一個(gè)社

會(huì)項(xiàng)目。他說(shuō)，他只是一個(gè)用自己的技能幫助無(wú)家可歸的鄰居的人）“可知，這是轉(zhuǎn)述受采訪的人說(shuō)的話。由

此推知，這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。故選D。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和第二句"AnartistinOakland,Californiaisusinghisskillstohelpthe

homeless.GregKloehnbuildsverysmallsheltersthatmakelifeonthestreetsalittlemoreComfOrtabIe.（力IJ利福尼

亞州奧克蘭市的一位藝術(shù)家正在用他的技能幫助無(wú)家可歸的人。GregKloehn建造了非常小的庇護(hù)所，讓街

道上的生活更加舒適）“可知，文章主要是講?位藝術(shù)家為無(wú)家可歸的人建造家園。故選A。

2.（2023?全國(guó)?——模）Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaringwith

childishgesturesthatheheldhimincontempt（茂視）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthis

qualityofanimalandexpressedregretinfineform,buthecontinuedstealthilytofollowthechild.

Whenthechildreachedhisdoor-step,thedogwasafewyardsbehind,movingslowlytowardhim.Hebecame

soanxiouswithshamewhenhoagainfacedthechildthatheforgotthedraggingrope.Hetripped（絆修∣］）uponit

andfellforward.

Thechildsatdownonthestepandthetwohadanotherinterview.Duringitthedoggreatlyexertedhimselfto

pleasethechild.Heperformedafewplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon（盡情地）thatthechildsuddenlysawhimto

beavaluablething.Hemadeaswift,greedyCharge（猛沖）andseizedtherope.

HedraggedhisCaPtiVe（俘虜）intoahallandupmanylongstairwaysinadarkbuilding.Thedogmade

willingefforts,buthecouldnotwalkveryskillfullyupthestairsbecausehewasverysmallandsoft,andatlastthe

paceofthechildgrewsoenergeticthatthedogbecamepanic-stricken.Inhismindhewasbeingdraggedtoward

somewhereunknown.Hisayesgrewwildwiththeterrorofit.Hebegantowigglehisheadwildlyandtobracehis

legs.

Thechildredoubledhisefforts.Theyhadabattleonthestairs.Thechildwasvictoriousbecausehewas

completelyabsorbedinhispurpose,andbecausethedogwasverysmall.Hedraggedhisacquirementtothedoorof

hishome,andfinallywithvictoryacrossthedoorway.

Nofamilymemberwasin.Thechildsatdownonthefloorandmadeoverturesto（向.…示好）thedog.These

thedoginstantlyaccepted.Hesmiledwithaffectionuponhisnewfriend.Inashorttimetheywerefirmand

abiding（矢志不渝的）comrades.

5.Whatmighthavehappenedbeforethefirstparagraph?

A.Thechildhadwantedtoownthedogforalongtime.

B.Thedoghadbeensomeoneelse1spetbutlosthisway.

C.Thechildhadbeenlookingforthelostdogforalongtime.

D.Thedoghadbeendrivenoutofhomebythechild'sfamily.

6.Whatdirectlymadetheboychangehismind?

A.Thedog'sapology.

B.Hisfirstinterviewwiththedog.

C.Hispityonthedog.

D.Thedog,spleasingperformance.

7.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph4and5?

A.Theboywasnaughty.

B.Thedogwasfoolish.

C.Theboywasadevotedfriend.

D.Thedogwasafaithfulfriend.

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethechangeofthedog,sfeeling?

A.Frightened-relieved-anxious-happy.

B.Worried-angry-scared-delighted.

C.Guilty-anxious-nervous-pleased.

D.Angry-regretted-scared-puzzled.

【答案】5.B6.D7.A8.C

【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了小狗走失后偶遇一個(gè)男孩，最終成功跟隨小男孩回家的故事。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段"Onthewaytohishomethechildturnedmanytimesandbeatthedog,declaring

withchildishgesturesthatheheldhiminContemPt（茂視）asanunimportantdog.thedogapologizedforbeingthis

qualityofanimalandexpressedregretinFineform,buthecontinuedstealthilytofollowtheChild.（在回家的路上，

孩子多次轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身來(lái)打那條狗，用孩子氣的手勢(shì)宣稱他蔑視那條狗，認(rèn)為它是一條不重要的狗。狗為自己是

這樣的動(dòng)物而道歉，并以良好的形式表示遺憾，但它繼續(xù)偷偷地跟著孩子。戶可知，孩子試圖擺脫狗，而且

他們?cè)诖酥安⒉徽J(rèn)識(shí)，可見(jiàn)他們是無(wú)意間遇到的。從而推斷，這條狗曾是別人的寵物，但迷路了。小狗

是丟失后才遇到男孩的。故選B。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Heperformedaf?wplayfuljumpswithsuchabandon（盡情地）thatthechild

SUddenlySaWhimlObeaVaIUabIeIhing.（它盡情地跳了幾下，孩子突然覺(jué)得它很有價(jià)值。）”可知，小狗努力的

取悅男孩，使得男孩改變了主意。故選D。

7.推理判斷題。文章四五兩段在描述男孩拖拉小狗上樓梯的過(guò)程，看得出小男孩精力充沛，一直不懈的努

力著，盡管當(dāng)時(shí)小狗是有點(diǎn)害怕的，但小男孩沒(méi)有停止自己的行為，可見(jiàn)這個(gè)男孩子有點(diǎn)調(diào)皮。故選A。

8.推理判斷題。狗的心情和它的遭遇是一致的，第一段狗盡管被嫌棄但還是跟著，心情是有點(diǎn)罪惡感的，

從apologized可以看出；第二段出現(xiàn)了anxiousandshamed,可見(jiàn)狗的心情是緊張羞愧；第三段狗取悅小孩；

四五段就是狗被帶上樓梯的過(guò)程，從PaniCTmCken可以看出，狗因?yàn)槲粗牡胤礁械胶ε?；最后一段狗?/p>

小孩已經(jīng)交好，推斷出心情愉悅。故選C。

3.（2023?天津?模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Let,stakeamomenttoconsiderthewordsofoneofAmerica,smostremarkable

philosophers,HenryDavidThoreau.

Thoreauspenttheyears1845-1847livingontheoutskirtsofsocietyinasmallcabininthewoodsbytheside

ofWaldonPond.Hecalledthisperiodofhislifeanexperimentofintentionallivingandwrotethisfamous

paragraph：

Iwenttothewoodsbecause?wishedtoliveintentionally,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifI

couldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived,?wantedtolivedeep

andsuckoutallthemarrow（精華）oflife.

ThereisgreatwisdominThoreau,spu?posehere,and?thinkit,sveryusefultoaskourselvesthisquestion：

Whatwouldourlivesbelikeifwesuckedallthemarrowoutoflife?

IfThoreau,squotesoundsfamiliar,itmaybefromwatchingthefilmDeadPoetsSociety,amoviewithdeep

wisdom.Thefilmisaboutyoungmenataboardingschoolastheypreparetodogoodintheworldbecausethey

havetheprivilegetobringaboutchange.TheirEnglishteacher,playedbyRobinWilliams,triestoconvincethem

thattheyshouldlivelifewellnowinsteadofbelievingthattheywillfindhappinessaftertheyreachcertaingoals.

PartofhisargumentisconveyedbyquotingthisfamouspassagefromThoreau.

Suckingthemarrowoutoflifesoundssimpleenough,butasamatteroffact,itmaybethemostdifficultthing

thatWecaneverdo.Butitactuallyisassimpleasit.Sounds-though“simple“isnotquitethesamethingas

“easy”.Icanthinkofonebarrierthatoftenkeepsusfromlivingourbestlives.Whatkeepsusfromgettingthemost

outoflifeisourdesireforapprovalandfame.Intheprocessofalwayslookingforfameandglory,there

isthedangerthatwewillstopliving.Inordertoseekapprovalfromothers,wefailtofindasenseofapproval

withinourownspirit.

Whenwebecomeawarethatwearemissingsomuchoutoflife,WecandecidethatWewanttomakechanges.

Ourbestmoveistostartsmall.IfWearehavingameal,whetheragreatfestivalfeastoramodestsupper,itis

alwayswithinourpowertotakeitslowlyandreallyfeel,taste,andenjoythefoodbeforeus.FewofUScaneasily

dolikeHenryDavidThoreauandgetawayfromitallinthewilderness.ButWecanmakesmallchangesevery

singleday.

9.WhatwisdomisconveyedinThoreau,swords?

A.Stayawayfromcitylife.B.Liveone,slifetothefullest.

C.Onlynaturecanbringhappiness.D.Onecanneverbetoooldtolearn.

10.WhydidtheauthormentionthefilmDeadPoetsSociety?

A.Torecommendagoodfilm.B.Topraisetheteacher,swisdom.

C.TofurtherillustrateThoreau,swisdom.D.TostatethefilmwasadaptedfromThoreau,sworks.

11.What,stheauthor,sattitudetowardspeople,sseekingforapproval?

A.Critical.B.Supportive.C.Sympathetic.D.Unconcerned.

12.Howcanpeoplechangelifeforthebetteraccordingtotheauthor?

A.Liveinthewildness.B.Sethighergoals.

C.Makesmallchangesdaily.D.Readmoreclassics.

13.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.AskforMore：ThoreauExposestheMeaningofLife

B.SunkinThought：ThoreauOutshinesAncientPhilosophers

C.AimHigh：Thoreau,sPracticalAdviceEnsuresSuccessfulLife

D.ToLiveIntentionally：Thoreau,sPhilosophyRemainsValuable

【答案】9.B10.C11.A12.C13.D

【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了作者對(duì)于梭羅哲學(xué)的思考——人應(yīng)該有意識(shí)的活著。他的哲

學(xué)在當(dāng)今社會(huì)仍然很有價(jià)值。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Iwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallthemarrowoflife.（我希望活得深刻，

汲取生命中所有的精華。）”可知，梭羅表達(dá)了人應(yīng)該要充實(shí)的活著。故選B項(xiàng)。

10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“PartofhisargumentisconveyedbyquotingthisfamouspassagefromThoreau.

（他的部分論點(diǎn)是引用了梭羅的這段名言。）'‘可知，文章提及《死亡詩(shī)社》這部電影為了更深入闡釋梭羅

的思想。故選C項(xiàng)。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第六段"Whatkeepsusfromgettingthemostoutoflifeisourdesireforapprovaland

fame.（阻礙我們從生活中獲得最大收獲的是我們對(duì)贊許和名聲的渴望。）“可推斷，作者對(duì)于人們對(duì)于名聲

的追求持批判態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段“Butwecanmakesmallchangeseverysingleday.（但是我們每天都可以做

出小小的改變。）“可知，作者認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該每天都做出小的改變才能生活的更好。故選C項(xiàng)。

13.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Let'stakeamomenttoconsiderthewordsofoneofAmerica'smost

remarkablephilosophers,HenryDavidThOreaU.（讓我們花點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)思考-一下美國(guó)最杰出的哲學(xué)家之一亨利?大

衛(wèi)?梭羅的話。）及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章是對(duì)于梭羅的哲學(xué)進(jìn)行的思考——人需要有意識(shí)的生活。他的哲學(xué)

在當(dāng)今社會(huì)仍然很有價(jià)值。所以“ToLiveIntentionally：Thoreau,sPhilosophyRemainsValUabIe（活得有意義：

梭羅的哲學(xué)仍然很有價(jià)值）”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選D項(xiàng)。

4.（2023?四川成都?四川省成都市第八中學(xué)校?？级＃〤igarettesaren,tjustharmfulwhenthey,rebeing

smoked.Evenwhencigaretteendsgooutandarecold,newresearchhasfoundtheycontinuetogiveoffharmful

chemicalsintheair.Inthefirst24hoursalone,scientistssayausedcigaretteendwillproduce14percentofthe

nicotine（尼古?。﹖hatanactivelyburningcigarettewouldproduce.

Whilemostofthesechemicalsarereleasedwithinadayofbeingputout,ananalysisfortheUnitedStates

FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)foundthelevelofnicotinefellbyjust50%fivedayslater.

“Iwasabsolutelysurprised,,,sinceenvironmentalengineerDustinPoppendieckfromtheUnitedStates

NationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST).“Thenumbersaresignificantandcouldhaveimportant

impactswhencigaretteendsaredealtwithindoorsorincars.Whilemuchattentionhasbeenpaidtothehealth

influenceoffirst-hand,second-handandnowthird-handsmoking,itisnotthecasewhenitcomestotheactual

cigaretteendofthematter.^^

Tomeasureemissions(排放)fromthisforgottenthing,Poppendieckandhisteamplaced2,100cigarettesthat

wererecentlyputoutinsideaspecialroom.Oncetheendsweresealedaway,theteammeasuredeightchemicals

commonlyproducedbycigarettes,fourofwhichtheFDAhavetheireyeonforbeingharmfulorpotentiallyso.

Aftersettingtheroom,stemperature,theresearcherstestedhowemissionschangedundercertainconditions.

Whentheairtemperatureoftheroomwashigher,forinstance,theynoticedtheendsproducedthesechemicalsat

higherrates.Thisfindingmightdiscouragethosewhowanttoleaveashtrays(煙灰缸)OUtfordaysatatime,

especiallyintheheat.

14.Whatdotheresearcherssayaboutcigaretteends?

A.Theycontainlittlenicotine.

B.Theyproducenonicotinefivedayslater.

C.Theygiveoffnicotinefordays.

D.Theycreateasmuchnicotineasburningcigarettes.

15.WhatdoPoppendieck5Swordssuggest?

A.First-handsmokingdoesmostharm.

B.Thefindingsarewithinhisexpectation.

C.Cigarettesshouldbedealtwithindoors.

D.Healthinfluenceofcigaretteendsisignored.

16.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor,sattitudetonotcleaningashtraysfordays?

A.Unclear.B.Disapproving.C.Unconcerned.D.Puzzled.

17.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.UsedCigaretteEndsReleaseHarmfulChemicals

B.CigarettesAreMoreHarmfulWhileBeingSmoked

C.ResearchFoundReasonsForCigaretteEnds,Harm

D.CigaretteEndsProduceMoreChemicalsintheHeat

【答案】14.C15.D16.B17.A

【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，香煙不僅在燃燒時(shí)有害，甚至在徹底熄滅后煙蒂依然會(huì)釋放有害

化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Whilemostofthesechemicalsarereleasedwithinadayofbeingputout,an

analysisfortheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）foundthelevelofnicotinefellbyjust50%five

dayslater.（美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局的一項(xiàng)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)大部分在排放后的一天內(nèi)被釋放出來(lái),

但五天后尼古丁的含量只下降了50%。戶可知，煙熄滅后，尼古丁的濃度在五天以后僅下降一半，也就是說(shuō)

熄滅的煙蒂好幾天內(nèi)都會(huì)釋放尼古丁。故選C。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中POPPendieCk所說(shuō)的“Whilemuchattentionhasbeenpaidtothehealth

influenceoffirst-hand,sec