中級(jí)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)（雙語）（山東聯(lián)盟）智慧樹知到期末考試答案2024年中級(jí)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)（雙語）（山東聯(lián)盟）Wage

rigidity

prevents

labor

demand

and

labor

supply

from

reaching

the

equilibrium

level.（

）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:對(duì)According

to

the

classical

dichotomy,

when

the

money

supply

decreases,

consumption

spending

will

decrease.

（

）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:錯(cuò)The

assumption

of

flexible

prices

is

a

more

plausible

assumption

when

applied

to

price

changes

that

occur

in

the

short

run.（

）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:錯(cuò)誤To

maintain

a

fixed-exchange-rate

system,

if

the

exchange

rate

moves

below

the

fixed-exchange-rate

level,

then

the

central

bank

must

buy

foreign

currency.

（

）

A:正確B:錯(cuò)誤答案:錯(cuò)誤Crowding

out

occurs

when

an

increase

in

government

spending

increases

the

interest

rate

and

investment

decreases.

（

）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:對(duì)If

the

production

function

exhibits

decreasing

returns

to

scale

in

the

steady

state,

an

increase

in

the

rate

of

population

would

lead

to

growth

in

total

output

and

growth

in

output

per

worker.（

）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:錯(cuò)In

the

long

run,

the

level

of

output

is

determined

by

the

amounts

of

capital

and

labor

and

the

available

technology.（

）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:對(duì)The

unemployment

resulting

from

wage

rigidity

and

job

rationing

is

called

structural

unemployment.

（

）

A:錯(cuò)誤B:正確答案:錯(cuò)誤A

higher

saving

rate

leads

to

a

higher

rate

of

economic

growth

in

both

the

short

run

and

the

long

run.（

）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)答案:錯(cuò)In

the

Solow

growth

model,

with

a

given

production

function,

depreciation

rate,

saving

rate,

and

no

technological

change,

higher

rates

of

population

growth

produce

higher

steady-state

growth

rates

of

total

output.（

）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)答案:對(duì)In

the

long

run,

according

to

the

quantity

theory

of

money

and

the

classical

macroeconomic

theory,

if

velocity

is

constant,

then

______

determines

real

GDP

and

______

determines

nominal

GDP.

（

）

A:the

money

supply;

velocity

B:velocity;

the

money

supply

C:the

productive

capability

of

the

economy;

the

money

supply

D:the

money

supply;

the

productive

capability

of

the

economy

答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是：B:velocity;themoneysupply。\n\n根據(jù)貨幣數(shù)量理論和古典宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)理論，長(zhǎng)期來看，如果貨幣流通速度是恒定的，那么貨幣流通速度決定了實(shí)際GDP，而貨幣供應(yīng)量決定了名義GDP。因此，答案為B選項(xiàng)，即貨幣流通速度和貨幣供應(yīng)量。'Aggregate

supply

is

the

relationship

between

the

quantity

of

goods

and

services

supplied

and

the:

（

）

A:interest

rate.

B:money

supply.

C:unemployment

rate.

D:price

level.答案:AI參考:正確答案是D：pricelevel。\nAggregateSupply是總供給曲線，它表示在既定的價(jià)格水平下，所有廠商愿意供給的市場(chǎng)商品和勞務(wù)總量。因此，這個(gè)總供給與什么有關(guān)，就要看這些商品和勞務(wù)的種類了，也就跟每種商品和勞務(wù)的價(jià)格水平有關(guān)。故正確答案為D，即總供給與價(jià)格水平有關(guān)。'Which

of

the

following

would

decrease

the

real

exchange

rate

in

a

small

open

economy

in

the

long

run?

（

）

A:a

reduction

in

government

spending

B:an

increase

in

investment

C:a

personal

income

tax

cut

D:a

tariff

on

imports

答案:AI參考:正確答案是D:atariffonimports。\n\n長(zhǎng)期來看，一個(gè)小型開放經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，進(jìn)口關(guān)稅的增加會(huì)減少出口，從而降低實(shí)際匯率。這是因?yàn)檫M(jìn)口關(guān)稅的提高會(huì)增加進(jìn)口商品的價(jià)格，進(jìn)而減少出口商的利潤(rùn)，從而減少出口。相反，政府開支、投資和個(gè)人所得稅的減少都不會(huì)直接影響到匯率。因此，正確答案是D選項(xiàng)，即進(jìn)口關(guān)稅的增加會(huì)降低實(shí)際匯率。'The

impossible

trinity

refers

to

the

idea

that

it

is

impossible

for

a

country

to

simultaneously

have:

（

）

A:free

capital

flows,

a

fixed

exchange

rate,

and

an

independent

monetary

policy.

B:low

inflation,

low

unemployment,

and

a

rapid

rate

of

GDP

growth.

C:high

interest

rates,

a

budget

deficit,

and

a

trade

deficit.

D:an

expansionary

fiscal

policy,

a

contractionary

monetary

policy,

and

a

flexible

exchange

rate.答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)是C:highinterestrates,abudgetdeficit,andatradedeficit。\n\n“不可能三角”是指一個(gè)國(guó)家無法同時(shí)擁有三個(gè)事物：高利率、預(yù)算赤字和貿(mào)易逆差。這是國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中的一個(gè)重要概念，用于解釋貨幣政策、財(cái)政政策和國(guó)際貿(mào)易政策之間的相互影響和制約關(guān)系。因此，選項(xiàng)C符合這個(gè)概念。其他選項(xiàng)中，A、B、D雖然在某些情況下可能存在，但不符合“不可能三角”的核心含義。A選項(xiàng)中，一個(gè)國(guó)家可能同時(shí)擁有自由資本流動(dòng)、固定匯率和獨(dú)立貨幣政策，但這并不構(gòu)成“不可能三角”的矛盾；B選項(xiàng)中，低通脹、低失業(yè)率和快速GDP增長(zhǎng)可以同時(shí)存在，但并不構(gòu)成“不可能三角”的核心內(nèi)容；D選項(xiàng)中，擴(kuò)張性財(cái)政政策和靈活匯率制度可以同時(shí)存在，但收縮性貨幣政策（即選項(xiàng)中的“緊縮性貨幣政策”）通常會(huì)與擴(kuò)張性財(cái)政政策一起使用，而不是同時(shí)存在。因此，選項(xiàng)C是最符合“不可能三角”概念的選項(xiàng)。'Macroeconomics

does

not

try

to

answer

the

question

of:（

）

A:why

do

some

countries

have

high

rates

of

inflation.B:what

is

the

rate

of

return

on

education.C:what

causes

recessions

and

depressions.D:1why

do

some

countries

experience

rapid

growth.答案:AI參考:正確答案是C:宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)并不試圖回答的問題是：經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和低迷的原因是什么。\n\n宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心問題是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、通貨膨脹、失業(yè)率、國(guó)際收支等問題，而選項(xiàng)C是關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和低迷的原因，屬于宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究范疇。其他選項(xiàng)A、B、D分別涉及到通貨膨脹率、教育回報(bào)率和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率，也屬于宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的研究范疇，但不是宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)試圖回答的問題。因此，選項(xiàng)C是正確答案。'According

to

the

classical

theory

of

money,

reducing

inflation

will

not

make

workers

richer

because

firms

will

increase

product

prices

______

each

year

and

give

workers

______

raises.

（

）

A:more;

larger

B:less;

smaller

C:more;

smaller

D:less;

larger

答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)為：B:less;

smaller\n\n根據(jù)題目中給出的信息，減少通貨膨脹不會(huì)使工人變富，因?yàn)楣久磕陼?huì)增加產(chǎn)品價(jià)格并給工人更小的加薪。選項(xiàng)中只有B選項(xiàng)“l(fā)ess;smaller”符合語境，表示公司增加的產(chǎn)品價(jià)格會(huì)更少，工人獲得的加薪會(huì)更小。其他選項(xiàng)的意思與題目不符。'The

arguments

do

NOT

favor

a

fixed-exchange-rate

system

:

（

）

A:leads

to

excessive

growth

of

the

money

supply.

B:requires

no

actions

on

the

part

of

the

central

bank

to

implement.C:reduces

exchange-rate

uncertainty,

thereby

promoting

more

international

trade.

D:allows

monetary

policy

to

be

used

for

stabilizing

output

and

prices.

答案:AI參考:答案為A、B\n從選項(xiàng)分析來看，支持固定匯率體系的理由應(yīng)該有降低匯率的不確定性從而促進(jìn)更多的國(guó)際貿(mào)易（C），貨幣政策被允許用來穩(wěn)定產(chǎn)出和價(jià)格（D），選項(xiàng)B要求央行不需要采取任何行動(dòng)來實(shí)施這一制度，這是反對(duì)固定匯率體系的理由，而其他選項(xiàng)中的問題并沒有涉及，因此可以確定答案為B。因此，正確答案是B、C和D。'A

supply

shock

will

occur

when:

（

）

A:the

Fed

increases

the

money

supply.

B:unions

push

wages

up.

C:a

drought

destroys

crops.

D:an

oil

cartel

increases

world

oil

prices.答案:AI參考:正確選項(xiàng)為D：anoilcartelincreasesworldoilprices。\n\n供應(yīng)沖擊是指某種商品或資源的供應(yīng)量突然增加或減少，導(dǎo)致市場(chǎng)價(jià)格波動(dòng)的情況。選項(xiàng)A中，美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)增加貨幣供應(yīng)量，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致通貨膨脹，但不一定是供應(yīng)沖擊；選項(xiàng)B中，工會(huì)的工資上漲可能會(huì)影響市場(chǎng)需求和價(jià)格，但不一定是供應(yīng)沖擊；選項(xiàng)C中，干旱摧毀農(nóng)作物可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致糧食短缺和價(jià)格上漲，但不一定是供應(yīng)沖擊。只有選項(xiàng)D，即