Unit1

TextA

Exercises

1.Readingcomprehension

A.Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.What,accordingtotheauthor,doAmericanslove?Citeexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.

Americanslovenewfrontiers.Forexample,theyhankerafterwide-openspaces;theyliketo

explore;theyliketomakerulesbutrefusetofollowthem.

2.Isthereaplaceonearthwhereyoucangoandbeyourself?Whatistheplaceaccordingto

theauthor?

Accordingtotheauthor,thereisaplace—cyberspace,whereyoucangoandbeyourself.

3.Whatmetaphordoestheauthorusetodescribecyberspace?Whydoessheusesucha

metaphor?

Realestate,becausebothrealestateandcyberspaceconsistofdifferentpartsandeachpartis

suitableforaparticulargroupofpeople.

4.Doestheauthorapproveofregulatingcyberspace?Whyorwhynot?

Yes,butfirst,itisfundamentaltounderstandthenatureofcyberspace.

5.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisneededincyberspacebesidesgovernmentcontrol?

Self-rule.

6.Whataresomeofthemainareasofcyberspacethattheauthordefines?Whatotherareas

doyouknowthathaverecentlyemergedincyberspace(e.g,e-business)?

E-mailconversations,informationandentertainmentservices,andcyberspacecommunities.

7.Howdocyberspacecommunitiesevolve?Giveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.

Peopleofsimilarinterestsandtastesformacommunity.Forexample,communitieson

CompuServetendtobeprofessional;thoseonAmericaOnlineareaffluentyoungsingles,andso

on.

8.Whatisuniqueaboutcyberspacerules?Whatauthoritydotheyhavethatrulesin

terrestrialenvironmentsdon'thave?

Itallowscommunitiesofanysizeandkindtoflourish.Cyberspaceruleshavemoral

authoritythatterrestrialgovernmentsdon'thave.

9.Inwhatspiritarenewcommunitiesformed?

Communitiescatertotheirownmembers,inclination..

10.Whatkindofgovernmentdoexplorersincyberspaceneed?

Theirownlocalgovernmentbesidesterrestrialgovernmentdoesexplorers.

11.Whatshouldbedonetodealwithquestionableitemsincyberspace?Arepeoplealready

doingthat?

Weshouldbebanningthemandusinglabelsandautomaticfilterstogetridofthem.Yes.

12.Iscyberspaceaperfectplace?Ifnot,whyarepeoplesoexcitedaboutit?

No,itisnot.Peopleareexcitedaboutitbecauseitoffersalotofinformationandfreedom.

B.Globalunderstandingandappreciationofthetext.

1.Analogy(比喻，類推)isafigureofspeech(修辭手段)whichdrawsaparallelbetweentwo

differenttypesofthings,anduseson(usuallyfamiliartothereader)toexplainreader's

understandingofthewriter'spoint.

Canyoudrawaparallelbetweenrealestateandcyberspace?Whatpointdoestheanalogy

support?

Theanalogybetweenrealestateandcyberspace

RealestateCyberspace

ShoppingmallCommonland

Red-lightzonePrivate

schooldistrictRentedout

drugstorePlacestobeavoided

Parkland,ChurchPlacesforchildren

2.Bydividingcyberspaceintothreepartsandusingsimiles（明喻），theauthordefinesthenatureof

cyberspaceandillustratesfurtherherpointthatgovernmentregulationisnotneededincyberspace.

Completethefollowingformtoshowthatyouunderstandtheauthor'spoint.Pleasebereminded

thattheunderlyingstructureofasimileis“AislikeB”.

PartsSimiliesCharacteristics

e-mailconversationsTelephoneconversationsTheyareprivate,consensual

andrequirenoregulation.

InformationandentertainmentBookstores,malls,movieItemsarenotgivenifnot

serviceshousesrequested.

CyberspacecommunitiesBars,restaurants,bathhousesRulesarebeingimposedto

keepoutunwantedads,

discussionsandparticipants.

3.Inwhatwaydotherulesofaterrestrialgovernmentandthoseofacyberspacecommunitydiffer?

Refertopara.11toanswerthequestion.

TerrestrialgovernmentCyberspacecommunity

Peoplecannotchoosetheirowncommunity;Anyminoritygroupsareallowedtoexistand

theyareforcedtobeamemberofacertainflourish.Peoplechoosetheirowncommunities

communityjustbecausetheyhappentobebornandfollowcommunityrules.Iftheydonotlike

orliveinaplace.Rulesofaterrestrialtherules,theycanleavefreely.Sotherulesof

governmentdonothavemoralauthority.cyberspacecommunitieshavemoralauthority.

4.Whatisthelanguagestyleofthearticle?Isitformalandliteraryorinformalandconversational?

Citeexamplesfromthetexttosupportyouranswer.

Thisarticleiswritteninaninformalandconversationalstyle.Forexample,theauthorusessome

slangywords,incompletesentences,contractions,andaddressesthereaderas"you”.

II.Vocabulary

A.Findawordorphrasefromtheparagraphindicatedinthebracketthatmeansthesameas:

1.inthepast*formerly

2.include*embrace

3.man-made??artificial

4.controlsystematically*regulate

5.exactly*precisely

6.undesired*unwanted

7.irrelevant*extraneous

8.havingintensefeeling*passionate

9.aimtoward>betargetedto

10.notfaraway*athand

11.bechargedfor*besuedfor

B.Choosethebestwordtocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences,

1.thisbooka_alltheinformationyouneed.

a.containsb.embracesc.offersd.involves

2.Thegovernmentcthenumberofforeigncarsthatcouldbeimported.

a.refrainsb.restrainsc.restrictsd.prevents

3.Asateacheryoushouldnotshowb_towardsanyofyourstudents.

a.pleasureb.favorc.preferenced.inclination

4.Trafficisd_bypoliceateveryintersection.

a.enforcedb.imposedc.limitedd.regulated

5.Howmuchdoyoub_forthispairofshoes?

a.billb.chargec.costd.afford

6.Wecanbnowandreturntoworkinthemorning.

a.leaveoutb.leaveoffc.signawayd.signoff

7.Thatmattercanbeleft_b___untilournextmeeting.

a.onb.overc.aloned.about

8.1learnedthathewasasickleavefromagovernmentoffice.

a.onb.inc.takend.spending

9.ItwasoneofthemostbeautifulsightsthatIhadeverseteyesc.

a.tob.inc.ond.down

10.Eachweekhetriedtosetd__afewdollarsofhissalary.

a.forthb.aboutc.apartd.aside

III.Cloze

Chooseaproperwordfromthelisttofillineachblankinthefollowingpassage.Changetheform

ofthewordifnecessary:

Accessplacethataswinleadstillvirtualevenresponseannuallytoconcernacrossexactlysimply

bybetweentheybecause

BomtoSurf

ThewebFromtheWindowcontainspoetryandliteraturefromwell-knownwritersacrossthe

global.Therearethoughtfularticlesanalyzingthestateoftheworldwelivein.Thereis(Devena

piecefromtheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedStates,KofiAnnan.Itmaycome(2)assome

surprisetofindout(3)thattheeditorofthemagazineisa12-year-oldgirl,JoyNightingale.

FromtheWindow(4)wonJoyNightingalethefirstprizeinthe1999childnetInter-nationaland

CableandWirelessawards.Thesearegiven(5)annuallyforthebestuseoftheInternet(6)byand

foryoungpeople.And(7)theyhighlightoneofthemostwelcomingaspectsofthe(8)virtualworld.

ChildrenhavetakentotheInternetasthoughtheyarebornsurfing.

Perhapsthisis(9)becauseadultshavehadtochangetheirunderstandingoftechnologywhile

children(10)simplyacceptitasnatural.Whateverthereason,childrencanbefoundbuilding

websitesandE-mailingfriends(1Dacrosstheworldwhileadultsare(12)stillasking:"Tellme

again-where(13)exactlyiscyberspace?,5

Ofcoursethereisgrowing(14)concernaboutthefactthatchildrencantravelfarawayfrom

parentalsupervisionincyberspace.In(15)response,manyparentshaveinstalledsoft-ware

packageswhichprevent(16)accesstoviolentorpornographicwebsites.Childnetistakingamore

positiveline.Thewebsiteisagateway(17)toaworldofeducationandentertainment.

TherapidgrowthinInternetculturehas(18)ledanalyststospeculatethatsocietywillsoonbe

divided(19)betweenthe"informationrich"and"informationpoor”.ForChildnetitisespecially

importantthatchildrenatthemarginsofsocietythroughpovertyordisabilityhavethechanceto

taketheir(20)palceasequalcitizensinthevirtualworld.

IV.Translation

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:

Thepossibilityofarealmarket-styleevolutionofgovernanceisathand.Incyberspace,we'Hbe

abletotestandevolverulesgoverningwhatneedstobegoverned一intellectualproperty,

contentandaccesscontrol,rulesaboutprivacyandfreespeech.Somecommunitieswillallow

anyonein:otherswillrestrictaccesstomemberswhoqualifyononebasisoranother.Those

communitiesthatproveself-sustainingwillprosper(andperhapsgrowandsplitintosubsetswith

ever-more-particularinterestsandidentities).Thosethatcan'tsurvive-eitherbecausepeoplelose

interestorgetscaredoff-willsimplywitheraway.

一種真正的市場(chǎng)型管理模式很快成為可能。在信息空間，我們將能夠檢驗(yàn)并完善所需要

的管理制度——知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、服務(wù)內(nèi)容與使用權(quán)的捽制制度、個(gè)人隱私權(quán)與自由言論制度

等。有些群體允許任何人加入，而有些則只允許符合這樣或那樣條件的人加入。能夠自持的

群體會(huì)興旺發(fā)展(或許也會(huì)因?yàn)橹救づc身份日趨特殊，而發(fā)展成為兒個(gè)分支)。有些群體或

因?yàn)槌蓡T失去興趣，或因?yàn)槌蓡T被嚇跑而不能幸存下來(lái)，它們將漸漸萎縮消亡。

TextB

KeytoComprehensionandAppreciation

1.Theauthorarguesthatgenetransfershouldonlybeusedforthetreatmentofseriousdisease,

andnotforanyotherpurpose.Genetransfershouldneverbeundertakeninanattempttoenhance

or“improve"humanbeings.

2.Manygeneticdiseases,sometypesofcancer,viraldiseasessuchasAIDS,andsomeformsof

cardiovasculardiseasecanbetreatedbygenetherapy.Inaddition,itmaybetechnicallypossible

toinsertageneintothereproductivecellsofapatient.

3.Itmeanssupplyingaspecificcharacteristicthatindividualsmightwantforthemselvesortheir

children.Themostobviousexampleatthemomentwouldbeintheinsertionofagrowthhormone

geneintoanormalchildinthehopethatthiswouldmakethechildgrowlarger.

4.Somaticcellgenetherapyisforthepurposeoftreatingseverediseases.Itisaclinicaland

ethicalpractice,becauseitwouldrelievehumansuffering.Ontheotherhand,enhancement

geneticengineeringisto“improve”ahumanbeingbyinsertingaspecificgeneintohiscells.

5.Geneticenhancementengineeringshouldnotbeused,becausethispracticeisunethical.It

wouldthreatenthedignityofmanandthreatenimportanthumanvaluesintwoways.First,it

couldbemedicallyhazardous.Second,itwouldbemorallyprecarious,inthatitwouldrequire

moraldecisionsoursocietyisnotnowpreparedtomake,anditcouldleadtoanincreasein

inequalityanddiscriminatorypractices.

6.Westilldon'tunderstandthoughtandconsciousness.Neitherdoweunderstandthespiritual

sideofourexistence.

7.Inthepracticeofgenetransfer,wemayalteroneormoreofhumangenes.Wecouldnottextfor

thealterationatpresent.Ifwecausedaproblemthatwouldaffecttheindividualorhisorher

offspring,wecouldnotrepairthedamageatpresent.

8.Bymakingthecomparison,theauthortriestoexplainthatitistruewearenowabletoprovide

anewgenesothatapropertyinvolvedinahumanlifewouldbechanged.Butthereisstillso

muchwedon'tunderstandabouthumanbeingsthattryingtoalterhumangeneswillonlyharm

them.

9.Threeproblemswouldbecreated:whatgenesshouldbeprovided;whoshouldreceiveagene;

and,howtopreventdiscriminationagainstindividualswhodoordonotreceiveagene.

10.Thelanguagestyleofthisarticleisformalandacademic.ItisdifferentfromthatofTextA.

UnlikeTextA,noslangywordsareusedinthisarticle.Wordsareformalandcomplexideas.

TherearefewlongsentencesinTextA.

Unit2

TextA

Exercises

I.Readingcomprehension

A.Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Howdoestheauthorbeginherarticle?Whatisherpurpose?

Theauthorbeginsherarticlebyofferinganinterestinganecdote.Thepurposeistointroduce

thetheme.

2.WhatproblemdoesshefindabouthowAmericanmenandwomentalk?

ShefindsthatAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituation,buttheyoftentalk

lessathome,andthispatternisendangeringmarriages.

3.WhatdoAmericanwomenoftencomplainabout?Why?

Theycomplainthattheirhusbandsdonotlistentothem,becausetheyexpectthattheirhusbands

shouldbeconversationalpartners.Whenthehusbandsdonotlistentothem,theythinkthe

conversationfails..

4.Doesthislackofunderstandingbetweenhusbandandwifeaffecttheirmarriage?

Yes,itdoes.

5.WhatisthemaintopicofEleanorMaccoby'sresearch?

Theorganizationalstructureofboys*andgirls'groupsandtheirinteractivepatternsandnorms..

6.Howdolittlegirlscreateandmaintainfriendships?Inwhatwayaretheysimilartowomen

regardingtheirattitudetowardconversation?

Littlegirlscreateandmaintaintheirfriendshipsbyexchangingsecrets;inthesameway,women

regardconversationasthecornerstoneoffriendship.Exchangingthoughts,feelingsand

impressionscancreateasenseofcloseness.

7.Howdoboysmaintaintheirfriendships?

Boysmaintaintheirfriendshipsbydoingthingstogether.

8.Domenlistentowomenaccordingtotheauthor'sstudy?Whydowomencomplainthatmen

arenotlisteningwhentheytalk?

Yes,theydo.Onlytheirphysicalpositiongiveswomentheimpressionthattheyarenotlistening

evenwhentheyarelisteningattentively.

9.Howdoboysandgirlsdifferinswitchingatopicofconversation?

Girlstendtotalkatlengthaboutonetopicwhileboystendtojumpfromtopictotopic.

10.Domenandwomenresponddifferentlywhentheyhearaproblem?How?

Yes,theydo.Womenrespondtoaproblembyaskingprobingquestionsandexpressingagreement

andunderstanding,butmenrespondtoaproblembydismissingit.

11.Whatdowomenexpectfromaconversation?

Theyexpectagreement,understanding,andsupport.

12.Howwouldmenandwomeninterpretastreamof“l(fā)istener-noise”？

Menofteninterpretitasoveractionorimpatience,butwomeninterpretitasattentiongivento

whattheyaresaying.

13.Whydomenandwomenhavedifferentexpectationsaboutcommunicationinmarriage?

Thisisbecausewomenthinkthatcommunicationbetweenhusbandandwifecreatesintimacy,and

marriageisanorgyofcloseness:youcantellyourfeelingandthoughtsandstillbeloved.Formen,

however,talkingmaintainsindependenceandstatus.

14.Whyisthemantalkativeinpublicsituationsandfreetoremainsilentathome?

Inpublicsetting,themanfeelschallengedtoshowhisintelligenceanddisplayhisunderstanding,

whileathome,hefeelsthatthereisnothingtoproveandnoonetodefendagainst.

15.Whatdoesawomantrytoavoidinaconversation?

Awomantriestoavoidoffendingsomeone,orsparkingdisagreement,orappearingtoshowoff.

16.Whatsolutiondoestheauthoroffertothecommunicationproblembetweenmenandwomen?

Theauthorofferstothecommunicationproblemthatasociolinguisticapproachshouldbetakento

understandtheproblemfirstwithoutblamingeithermenorwomen.Thenmenandwomencan

adapttoeachother'sconversationalhabits.

B.Globalunderstandingandappreciationofthetext.

1.Completethefollowingchartwithinformationfromthetexttoshowthatyouunderstandthe

differencesbetweenmenandwomenregardingtheirconversationalhabits.

Men'sconversationalhabitsWomen'sconversationalhabits

l)Facingaway;l)Facingeachother'sfaces;

2)Switchingtopics;2)Talkingatlengthaboutonetopic;

3)Respondingbydismissingeachother's3)Respondingtoproblemsbyaskingprobing

problems;questionsandexpressingagreementand

4)Givingsilentattention;understanding;

5)Pointingouttheothersideofanargument4)Makinglistener-noise;

5)Overlapping,finishingeachother'ssentence;

6)Offeringsupport

2.Discusshowmenandwomeninterprettheaboveconversationalhabits.

Men'sinterpretationofWomen'sinterpretationof

womenconversationalhabitsmen'sconversationalhabits

l)Meninterpretlistener-noiseasoveractionor1)Womenperceivesilentattentionasno

impatience;attention;

2)Menperceiveparticipatorylistenershipas2)Ifmenpointouttheothersideofan

interruption,intrusion,orlackofattention.argument,womeninterpretitasdisloyaltyand

refusaltooffersupport.

3.Writeafewsentencestosummarizewomen'sexpectationsaboutcommunicationinmarriage

accordingtothearticle.

Accordingtothearticlemostwomenexpecttheirhusbandsareconversationalpartners.Their

husbandsshouldpayattentiontowhattheysayandtrytounderstandandsupportthem.For

women,talkingisthecornerstoneforcloseness.Athome,awomancantellherhusbandher

feelingsandthoughtswithoutoffendinganyoneorsparkingdisagreement.

II.Vocabulary

A.Findawordorexpressionfromtheparagraphindicatedinthebrackettocompleteeachofthe

followingsentences.Changetheformifnecessary.

1.Hiscriminalactivitieswerefinallyuncovered.

2.Scientistsfromthetwocountriesconcurredtodevelopthevaccine.

3.Lightningusuallyaccompaniesthunder.

4.Thebadweatherfrustratedourhopesofgoingout.

5.Shebelievesthatsheisnotagoodmotherbecauseshedoesnotfitthestereotypeofawoman

whospendsallhertimewithherchildren.

6.Heisalwaysswitchingfromonejobtoanother.

7.Hejustsmiledanddismissedthestoryasmererumor.

8.Thesuddennoisedistractedhismindfromhispainfulmemories.

9.Thestorycanbeadaptedforuseinschools.

10.Thatiswhatweassume,butit'snoteasytofindevidencetoproveit.

11.ShetriedtoprobeintomymindanddiscoverwhatIwasthinking.

12.Sheistooambitioustoremaininasubordinatepositionforlonginthecompany.

B.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachsentence.

1.Allthisceremonyisjustb;itdoesn'tmeanathing.

a.onshowb.forshowc.ashow-offd.ashow-up

2.Billisafraidtoasincetomthreatenstobeathimup.

a.showhisfaceb.showhiscolorsc.putonashowd.makeashow

3.Shehasbeenbehavingfoolishly;Ihopeyouwilld.

a.makesenseofitb.driveheroutofhersensesc.beinyoursensesd.bringhertoher

sense

4.Theclassroomis30feetband20feetinbreadth.

a.atlengthb.inlengthc.asforlengthd.tolength

5.TmleavingthisjobbecauseI'mtiredofbeinga.

a.pushedaroundb.pushedoffc.pushedawayd.pushedahead

6.Aftertherain,theorchardseemstohavedblossomovernight.

a.burstoutb.burstuponc.burstwithd.burstinto

7.Thetwomenstoodaeachother,whilethecrowdlookedonwithamusement.

a.glaringatb.glancingatc.peepingatd.glimpsingat

8.Whenyouhaveanyproblemsinyourstudies,youcanalwayscJohnforhelp.

a.lookforb.lookonc.looktod.lookover

III.Cloze

Chooseaproperwordfromthelisttofillineachblankinthefollowingpassage.Changetheform

ofthewordifnecessary.

status身份，地位like喜歡，像own擁有schedule時(shí)間表，進(jìn)度表view觀察，觀看afford

提供face面對(duì)almost幾乎necessarily必要地discipline學(xué)科longer較持久means方法，

意味reality事實(shí)，逼真become成為prove證明even即使lower較低的，放下grow生長(zhǎng)

take拿，接受until直到

Whenyoucane-mailyourcolleaguesfromthecomfortofyourgarden,thereisnoneedto

sufferanuncomfortablejourneyjusttospeaktothem.Ifyouneedanimportantdocument,itcan

befaxedviasatellitetoyourmobilephone,and(1)viewedonalaptopcomputer.Youcanreceive

thedocument(2)almostimmediately,(3)evenfromanothercontinent.

Sincethepriceoftechnologygets(4)lowereveryday,ownershipofthe(5)meansof

productionbecomesa(6)reality.Havingboughtthecomputer,mobilephone,faxmachine,

Internetconnectionandprinterthataretheironlymaterialtools,telecommuters(7)becometrue

electricpeasants.

Livingandworkinginthesameenvironment(8)liketraditionalpeasantfarmers,theydonottill

thesoilwiththeirhandsbut(9)growservicesfromfertileresourcesoftheirminds.

Withnofancyofficeonthetwenty-fifthfloor,however,themicro-entrepreneurcanhave

trouble(10)provinghisorhercredentials.Rightlyorwrongly,peoplerespondto(11)status

symbolslikebigofficesinsmartbuilding.t4Ifthecompanycan(12)affordallthis,“peoplethink,

“itmustbedoingprettywell.”But(13)facedwithonepersondoingbusinessfromaroomat

home,clientsaretemptedtothinkthattheircontactisnotsuchabig-shotafterall.Butisit(14)

necessarilytruethatacentrallocationandalargeofficemakeabetterworker?

Infact,studiesshowthathomeworkersareactuallymore(15)disciplinedaboutcompleting

tasksandindeedwork(16)longerhoursthantheircolleaguesintheoffice.Likethetraditional

peasantwhoownedhisland,theyfeelthatthey(17)owntheirwork.

Furthermoretheyaren'ttiedto(18)schedulebutworkwhenitsuitsthem.Ifthatmeans(19)

takinganhourortwotoplaywiththechildrenandthenstayingup(20)untilmidnighttofinisha

presentation,thenetresultisahappierworkerwhohascompletedthetask.

IV.Translation

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:

Oncetheproblemisunderstood,improvementcomesnaturally.Womenwhofeelabandoned

anddeprivedwhentheirhusbandswon'tlistentoorreportdailynewsmaybehappytodiscover

theirhusbandstryingtoadaptoncetheyunderstandtheplaceofsmalltalkinwomen's

relationships.Butiftheirhusbandsdon'tadapt,thewomenmaystillbecomfortedthatformen,

thisisnotafailureofintimacy.Acceptingthedifference,thewivesmaylooktotheirfriendsor

familyforthatkindoftalk.Andhusbandswhocan'tprovideitshouldn,tfeeltheirwiveshave

madeunreasonabledemands.Somecoupleswillstilldecidetodivorce,butatleasttheirdecisions

willbebasedonrealisticexpectations.

一旦問(wèn)題得到理解，情況自然有所改善。那些通常因丈夫不傾聽(tīng)或不談?wù)撁刻彀l(fā)生的事

情而感到被遺棄、感到喪失生活樂(lè)趣的女性會(huì)高興地發(fā)現(xiàn)，她們的丈夫一旦知道了不起眼的

談話在女性關(guān)系中的地位后，正努力地在適應(yīng)。如果丈夫不適應(yīng)，妻子仍然能得到安慰，因

為她知道對(duì)男人來(lái)說(shuō)，這不是不親密的表現(xiàn)。當(dāng)妻子接受了男女存在區(qū)別這一事實(shí)后，便會(huì)

去找自己的朋友或家人說(shuō)一說(shuō)話。那些不能夠給予妻子談話快樂(lè)的丈夫，也不應(yīng)該覺(jué)得妻子

提出了無(wú)理要求。仍然會(huì)有一些夫妻決定離婚，但起碼他們的決定是建立在比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的期望

基礎(chǔ)上的。

TextB

KeytoComprehensionandAppreciation

1.ShewastoldthatGodwaseverywhereandthatHekneweverything,butnobodycouldbe

everywhere.ShewastoldthatGodwasinher,butsheneverheardanyvoicesinherheadother

thanherownorhermother'stellingherwhatnottodo.Shespentalotoftimelookingupatthe

sky,becauseshethoughtGodwasupthere,butsheknewtheskywasnotsolid.Shewastoldthat

“Godisaspirit.Youcan'tseehim,“buthermother,grandfather,andotherrelativesclaimedthat

theycouldseespirits.ShewastoldthatGodwasallpowerfulandcoulddoanything,butwhen

shemadeeventhesimplestofrequestsshenevergotanyanswers.

2.Shethoughtadultsliedagreatdeal.Theymaderulesthattheytriedtomakeherlearnbutthey

themselvesbroketheserules.

3.(open)

4.ShebelievedthatwhitepeoplewrotetherulesintheBible.

5.Becauseshefounditidioticandridiculoustoprayinsteadofworkingoutasolutiontoa

problem.

6.HerChristianmotherisalwayssayingprayersforher,inwhichcaseAlleynedoesn,thavetotry

againandagainifshefails.

7.(open)

8.Shebelievesinhumanefforts.Onlybymakingeffortscanyousolveproblems,notbydivine

intervention.

9.Ifyouforgiveasin,youwillsilencetheissue.Problemswillnotbesolved.

10.(open)

Unit3

TextA

Exercises

I.Readingcomprehension

A.Readthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.Whatistheauthor'smainargument?Whereisitexplicitlystated?

Theauthor'smainargumentisthatmanisaninseparablepartoftheEarth'soverallecosystem,

likeanyotherthingsintheworld.Thisisclearlystatedinparagraph1.Theargumentcanalsobe

foundinthefollowingparagraphsastheauthorexplainshowtheoriginoflifecameintobeing.

2.Atthebeginningoftheauthorstatesthat"thefirstmistakeistothinkofman-kindasathingin

itself\Whydoeshemakesuchastatement?

Atthebeginningofthetexttheauthorstatesthat"thefirstmistakeistothinkofmankindasa

thinginitself'.Bymakingsuchastatement,theauthortriestoredressacommonmistakein

people'sminds.Accordingtotraditionalconcept,humanbeingsarequitedifferentfromother

animals,andtheyalwayscallthemselves“masteroftheworld”.Actually,suchkindofconcept

leadstovariousmisbehaviorsonthepartofpeople,thuscausingthedestructionofthestructureof

theEarthasanyanimateportionis.Manisnotathinginitself,butratheraninseparablepartof

theEarth'soverallecosystem.

3.Howdoestheauthorusecancerasawaytoclarifytheproblemofecologicalimbalance?

Accordingtotheauthor,theproblemofecologicalimbalancenowadaysisjustlikecancer

occurringinhumanbody,whichisdeadlyandisgrowingwithoutlimit.Thisisadreaddisease,

andunlessthegrowthofcancerouscellsissomehowstopped,theecologicalsystemwillbe

entirelydestroyed..

4.Whatsimilaritiesdoestheauthordrawbetweenthelifeprocessesofapersonandthoseofthe

planet?

Accordingtotheauthor,similaritiesbetweenthelifeprocessesofapersonandthoseoftheplanet

lieinthefactthattheybothderivefromtheSun,andtheyarebothasmuchpartofth