SectionmDiscoveringUsefulStructures

?語(yǔ)法精講,魯而經(jīng)砂語(yǔ)法透析?專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練?

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

課前直至領(lǐng)悟，

1.(教材P28)Muchhasbeenwritten(write)aboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.

2.(教材P28)ButtheInternethasdone(do)muchmoreforpeoplethansimplymakelifemore

convenient.

3.(教材P28)Manypeoplehavebeenhelped(help)bytheclub.

4.(教材P28)Shenolongerfeelslonely,andhercompanyhasbecome(become)quite

successful.

5.(教材P32)TodayIthoughtI'dblogaboutaquestionthathasbeenasked(ask)many

times-howdoyoustaysafeonlineandavoidbadexperiencesontheInternet?

課堂要點(diǎn)精析，

一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)

肯定式主語(yǔ)+have/hasbeendone...

否定式主語(yǔ)+have/hasnotbeendone...

一般疑問(wèn)式Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+beendone...?

特殊疑問(wèn)式疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+主語(yǔ)+beendone...?

?Hehasbeenselectedtotakepartinthesportsmeeting.

他已被挑選出來(lái)參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

?Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromhisovercoat.

墨跡還沒有從他外套上去掉。

?Hasthedateforthenextmeetingbeendecided?

下次會(huì)議的日期已確定了嗎？

?Howlonghasthebatterynotbeenchanged?

電池多久沒有更換了？

【即時(shí)演練11——句型轉(zhuǎn)換

Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.

①將上面的句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洹?/p>

Thechildrenhaven'tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.

②將上面的句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句。

Havethechildrenbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?

③對(duì)上面句子中的Thechildren進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。

Whohasbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?

二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一樣，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)

果，通常與already,yet,just,never,recently等副詞連用。

?Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.

機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。

2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)下去，常與for或

since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于“Howlong...?”句型中。

?Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.

公司的財(cái)務(wù)問(wèn)題已被討論了近兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。

?Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?

這部電影已放映多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？

3.用在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作，即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)

態(tài)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

?Youshouldn'tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.

在你的作業(yè)沒完成之前你不應(yīng)該離開學(xué)校。

◎溫馨提示

常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：

already已經(jīng)yet已經(jīng)

recently/lately最近sincethen從那時(shí)起

eversince自那以來(lái)ever曾經(jīng)

sofar迄今為止bynow到現(xiàn)在為止

foralongtime很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間

inrecentyears在最近幾年里

in/during/overthepast/lastyears在過(guò)去的幾年里

【即時(shí)演練2】

(1)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改寫句子

①Jack'sbosshasalwayspraisedhimforhisdevotiontowork.

fJackhasalwaysbeenpraisedbyhisbossforhisdevotiontowork.

②Theyhavefoundagoodplacetobuildatempleinthevillage.

—Agoodplacehasbeenfoundtobuildatempleinthevillage.

③Wehaven'tyetdecidedhowtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblem.

—Howtosolvethatdifficulttechnologicalproblemhasn'tbeendecidedyet.

(2)完成句子

④當(dāng)我的家庭作業(yè)完成時(shí)我就回家。

Iwillgohomewhenmyhomeworkhasbeenfinished.

⑤紙幣已被使用了1000多年了。

Papermoneyhasbeenusedforoveronethousandyears.

◎溫馨提示

(1)只帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。

?Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.

fHehasalreadybeenpunished(byhisboss).

(2)帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,

sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，

若將直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞。

?Hegavethelittlegirlanapple,fThelittlegirlwasgivenanapple(byhim).

一Anapplewasgiventothelittlegirl(byhim).

【即時(shí)演練31——將下面句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

①Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.

fShehasbeenasked2helpyou.

②Wehaveplantedmanytreesonthehillinthelast5years.

fManytreeshavebeenplanted_onthehill_inthelast5years.

③Hehassentmeane-mail.

fIhavebeensentane-mail.

fAne-mailhasbeensenttome.

同步測(cè)控?夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)?

隨堂檢測(cè)，

I單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.Agreatmanymachineshavebeenproduced(produce)bythefactorysincethe

technologicalrevolution.

2.Greatchangeshavetaken(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories

havebeenset(set)upinthepasttenyears.

3.Inthelastfewyears,thousandsoffilmshavebeenproduced(produce)allovertheworld.

4.Uptonow,alotofhigh-risebuildingshavebeenbuilt(build)inourcity.

5.Overthepastthreeyears,morethan$10millionhasbeenspent(spend)carryingoutthe

project.

6.Therobotshavebeenused(use)tohelphumansdosomedangerousworksincethelate

1990s.

7.TheEnglishsonghasbeensung(sing)formanyyears,butwestilllikeit.

8.ProfessorYanghasbeeninvited(invite)tothefilmfestivaltwicesofar.

9.OvertimeIhavebeenchanged(chaege)quitealot.

10.Ithasbeenused(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.

II句型轉(zhuǎn)換

1.WehavesentsomerocketstospacetoexploretheMoonandMars.

SomerocketshavebeensenttospacebyustoexploretheMoonandMars.

2.RoberthasboughtaniPhoneusinghisownmoney.

AniPhonehasbeenboughtbyRobertusinghisownmoney.

3.Thefamouscompanyhasgiventhecomputersawaytothosehighschools.

Thecomputershavebeengivenawaytothosehighschoolsbythefamouscompany.

4.Thelocalgovernmenthaschosentheuniversitytoorganisethetrainingcourse.

Theuniversityhasbeenchosenbythelocalgovernmenttoorganisethetrainingcourse.

5.Theyhaven'ttoldmethatthemeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday.

Ihaven'beentoldthatthemeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday.

6.Peopleusebambooinmanydifferentwaysforthousandsofyears.

Bamboohasbeanusedinmanydifferentwaysforthousandsofyears.

課時(shí)作業(yè)，

I單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.Morethan50,000yuanhasbeenraised(aaise)forthepoorfamilysincethegroupwas

founded.

2.China'sspaceprogramhasbeendnveloped(develop)greatlysinceitsentitsfirstastronaut

tospacein2003.

3.Computerscience,withwhichrapidprogresshasbeenmade(make)inrecentyears,playsa

veryimportantpartinourdailylife.

4.Uptonow,morethanfivenewspecieshavebeenfotmd(find)onthisislandby

researchers.

5.BlackFridayhasb〉enragKrded(rvgard)asthebeginningoftheholidayshoppingseason

foryears.

6.Sincetheearly1990s,alotofclinicshavebeenfounded(found)inthiscountrytotreat

poorpeopleforfree.

7.Thebalancebetweenthecityandthecountryhasbeenbrokan(break)bytheindustrial

developmentoverthepasttwocenturies.

8.Someeffortsweremade（make）toimprovetheairqualityinthecitylastwinter.

9.Overthepastthreeyears,thepaintingshavebeentaksn（take）tomorethan20museumsin

theworld.

10.Forcenturies,theancientlanguagehasbeenpasscd（pass）onfromonegenerationto

another.

II閱讀理解

Smartphones,tabletsandsmartwatchesarebanned（禁止）at

schoolforallchildrenunder15inFrance.Underthebanstudentsare

notabletousetheirphonesatallduringschoolhours,includingmeal

breaks,

“Ithinkit'sagoodthing.Schoolisnotaboutbeingonyourphone,“Parismum

Marie-CarolineMadeleinetoldAFP."It'shardwithkids.Ybucan'tcontrolwhattheyseeand

thafsoneofthethingsthatworriesmeasaparent.”

ThereisnolawlikethisinAustralia,butsomeAustralianschoolshavebannedphones.

McKinnonSecondarySchoolinVictoriaintroducedatotalbaninFebruaryandPrincipalPitsa

Binnionsaidthishasbeenasuccess.

McKinnonstudentsstillhaveaChromebooktouseineveryclassforday-to-daylearningbut

they'renotallowedtousesocialmedia（媒體）.MsBinnionsaidatfirstteacherscheeredand

studentsmoaned（抱怨），”butnowthey'reseeingthepositives（優(yōu)勢(shì)）.“Theycometoschooland

they'renotallowedtousephonesatallduringtheschoolday,includinglunchbreaks,“shesaid.

“It'sbeenwonderfulintermsofstudentscommunicatingwitheachotheratlunchtimeand

notlookingattheirscreen,“shesaid.

MsBinnionalsoleadsbyexampleanddoesn'tusehermobilephoneinschool."Ithink

anyonecandoitifwe'vedoneit.”

Noteveryoneagreeswiththebans.WesternSydneyUniversitytechnologyresearcher

Dr.JoanneOrlandowroteinonlinemagazineTheConversationearlierthisyearthatAustralia

shouldnotbanphonesinschoolsbecauseit'simportanttoeducatekidstoliveintheagetheyare

raisedin.

“Agoodeducationforstudentstodayisknowinghowtousetechnologytolearn,

communicateandworkwithideas,“shewrote.uBanningstudentsfromusingsmartphonesisa

1950sresponsetoa2018state-of-play.

【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章討論了澳大利亞學(xué)校是否該禁止學(xué)生使用手機(jī)。

1.WhydidMadeleinewelcometheban?

A.Schoolisforstudying.

B.Kidsbehavebadlynowadays.

C.Teachersfindithardtocontrolkids.

D.Herkidsdependtoomuchonphones.

A解析：推理判斷題。由第二段中的Schoolisnotaboutbeingonyourphone可知，

Madeleine認(rèn)為學(xué)校不是玩手機(jī)的地方，言外之意就是學(xué)校是學(xué)習(xí)的地方。

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthebaninMcKinnonSecondarySchool?

A.Someteacherswereagainstitatfirst.

B?Studentscannowseethegoodoftheban.

C.Studentscanusetheirphonesatlunchbreaks.

D.Teachershavestoppedusingphonesatschoolaswell.

B解析：推理判斷題。由第四段中的thishasbeenasuccess和第五段中的nowthey're

seeingthepositives可知，學(xué)生們起初抱怨，但現(xiàn)在都看到了這一^令的好處。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Chromebook“inParagraph5probablyreferto?

A.Abook.B.Anotebook.

C.Alearningwebsite.D.Akindofcomputer.

D解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。由第一段中的Smartphones,tabletsandsmartwatches和第五段中

的forday-to-daylearningbutthey9renotallowedtousesocialmedia（媒體）可知，畫線詞應(yīng)該指

的是一種電腦。學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)可以用，但是不允許使用社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

4.WhatdoesDr.JoanneOrlandothinkofbanningphonesinschools?

A.Itwilldisconnectparentsandkids.

B.Itwillcausekidstocommunicateless.

C.Itwillpreventkidsbeingtech-minded.

D.Itwillmakeeducationgoback60years.

C解析：推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第一、二段可知，Dr.JoanneOrlando認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在是科技時(shí)

代，就應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生與時(shí)代接軌，禁止學(xué)生使用手機(jī)不符合這個(gè)時(shí)代的特征。

III七選五

Studieshaveshownthatabout30%ofthechildreninAmericaaged6to19areeither

overweightorobese（月巴月半的）.1.Besides,thesituationinthecountriesoftheEuropean

Unionissimilar.

Ifyouaregainingweight,itdoesnotalwaysmeanthatyouarebecomingobese.Afterall,

childrenandyoungadultsneednutrientstogrow.2.However,ifyoubeginputtingon

toomuchweight,youmaybeontheroadtoobesity.

3.Genesareoneofthefactorsthatcanleadtoit.Genesdeterminehowyourbody

storesfoodandhowwellitturnsfoodintoenergy.Yourgenescomefromyourparents,so

overweightparentsaremorelikelytohaveoverweightchildren.

Althoughyoumayhavegoodgenes,youcanstillbecomeobese.Infact,thelackofphysical

exercisecanalsocauseobesity.4.Forexample,comparedwithgoingoutsideanddoing

somephysicalactivities,childrennowprefertositstillforhoursinfrontofcomputersorTVs.

Manyofuseatuptofourmealsadaythankstoexcessive(過(guò)度的)snacking.Andwhenwe

haveasnack,wemaydon'tconsidereatingfruits.Butthisisnotalwaysthechildren,s

fault.5.________

A.Fastfoodisanotherreasonforobesity.

B.Butwhatmaycausechildhoodobesity?

C.ThatisalmostoneoutofthreeyoungAmericans.

D.Thisincreasestheirchancesofbecomingoverweight.

E.Soitisnormalforthemtogainweightastimegoeson.

F.Nowadays,ourfreetimeactivitieshavegreatlychanged.

G.Afterall,therearemanystoresofferingallkindsofsnacksnearschools.

【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要陳述了造成青少年肥胖的幾點(diǎn)因素。

1.C解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與前文存在邏輯上的指代關(guān)系。本句中的That指代的是

前文中提至〔J的數(shù)據(jù)30%ofthechildreno

2.E解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與前文之間存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。前文陳述：畢竟，孩

子和青少年需要營(yíng)養(yǎng)來(lái)成長(zhǎng)，此句進(jìn)一步論述，所以對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)，隨著時(shí)間的流逝，體重

增長(zhǎng)是正常的。

3.B解析：此空設(shè)于段首，是本段的主題句。本段后面都是圍繞此句展開說(shuō)明基因是

導(dǎo)致肥胖的一個(gè)原因。

4.F解析：此空設(shè)于段中，與后文存在邏輯上的解釋關(guān)系。此句說(shuō)如今，人們的自由

活動(dòng)已經(jīng)在很大程度上改變了，后面就這一點(diǎn)舉例說(shuō)明。

5.G解析：此空設(shè)于段尾，對(duì)前一句進(jìn)行解釋。前一句說(shuō)孩子們愛吃零食，這并不總

是他們的錯(cuò)，此句進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明：畢竟，在學(xué)校周圍有很多提供各種各樣零食的商店。

IV語(yǔ)法填空

Itookashortflighttheotherday.Thepassengersontheplane1.(offer)an

in-flightsnack-asandwichwhichcontaineddairyandmeat.SinceI2.(feel)totally

fullatthattimeoftheday,Iputitinmybag.Ihopedlaterthatday,Imaycomeacrossahomeless

person,to3.____________thissandwichmaymeanhisonlymeal.

Well,Ididcomeacrossahomelessmanlaterthatday.Thatmanwaswith

4.(he)dogBella.WhenIgavehim5.sandwich,Inoticedhissmile

ashewasopeningthesandwich.Hesharedit6.Bella.Theystarte