任務(wù)23家禽的免疫接種Task23Vaccinationofpoultry一、飲水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization二、噴霧免疫Spray

immunization12目錄三、注射免疫Injectionimmunization34四、點(diǎn)眼滴鼻Intraocular-nasalimmunization

5五、刺種Punctureimmunization

一、飲水免疫

Drinkingwaterimmunization

Part01

飲水免疫是指將疫苗混合到一定量的井水或涼開水中，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)飲完的一種免疫方法。Drinkingwaterimmunizationreferstoanimmunizationmethodthatmixesthevaccinewithacertainamountofwellwaterorcoldboiledwaterandfinishesdrinkingitinashorttime.依據(jù)雞的不同日齡計(jì)算飲水量，例如，30日齡~60日齡雞的飲水量一般為10~20毫升／只，成雞飲水量一般為120-30毫升／只。Theamountofdrinkingwateriscalculatedaccordingtotheageofchickens.Forexample,theamountofdrinkingwaterfor30-60dayoldchickensisgenerally10-20ml/chicken,andtheamountofdrinkingwaterforadultchickensisgenerally120-30ml/chicken.

一、飲水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization

注意事項(xiàng)：Mattersneedingattention：1、飲水免疫前后3~5天內(nèi)不能消毒，前后2天內(nèi)，在飲水或飼料中不應(yīng)含有添加任何影響免疫系統(tǒng)和抗病毒的藥物成分，以免影響免疫效果。Drinkingwatershouldnotbedisinfectedwithin3-5daysbeforeandafterimmunization.Within2daysbeforeandafterimmunization,drinkingwaterorfeedshouldnotcontainanydrugingredientsthataffecttheimmunesystemandantiviral,soasnottoaffecttheimmuneeffect.2、飲水器要清潔，不用含氯的自來水。Drinkingfountainsshouldbecleananddonotusechlorinatedtapwater.3、為確保免疫效果，飲水免疫前要根據(jù)季節(jié)不同停水2~4小時(shí)，并掌握飲水量，稀釋后的疫苗在2小時(shí)內(nèi)飲完，疫苗應(yīng)現(xiàn)配現(xiàn)用。Inordertoensuretheimmuneeffect,stopdrinkingwaterfor2-4hoursaccordingtodifferentseasonsbeforeimmunization,andmastertheamountofdrinkingwater.Thedilutedvaccineshouldbedrunkwithin2hours,andthevaccineshouldbepreparedandusednow.4、為提高免疫效果，可在飲水中加入0.2%脫脂奶粉。Inordertoimprovetheimmuneeffect,0.2%skimmedmilkpowdercanbeaddedtothedrinkingwater.

一、飲水免疫Drinkingwaterimmunization二、噴霧免疫Part02Sprayimmunization噴霧免疫是主要用于呼吸道疫病的免疫，即將疫苗稀釋后，用特制的噴霧器在禽舍內(nèi)對(duì)雞群進(jìn)行噴霧，使雞在呼吸時(shí)吸進(jìn)疫苗，從而達(dá)到免疫目的。Sprayimmunizationismainlyusedfortheimmunizationofrespiratorydiseases,thatis,afterthevaccineisdiluted,useaspecialspraytospraythechickensinthepoultryhouse,sothatthechickenscanbreathethevaccine,soastoachievethepurposeofimmunization.

二、噴霧免疫

Sprayimmunization注意事項(xiàng)：Mattersneedingattention：1、噴霧前將門窗關(guān)嚴(yán)，停止使用抽風(fēng)機(jī)，噴霧20～30分鐘后，方可開窗。Beforespray,closethedoorsandwindowstightly,stopusingtheexhaustfan,andopenthewindow20~30minutesafterspray.2、手持噴頭口向雞群均勻噴霧，噴頭距雞群1~1.2米，使雞舍形成良好的局部霧化區(qū)。Holdthenozzlemouthtosprayevenlytothechickens,andthenozzleis1~1.2metersawayfromthechickens,soastoformagoodlocalatomizationareainthechickenhouse.3、當(dāng)雞群有慢性呼吸道疫病時(shí)，不能用此法，否則會(huì)誘導(dǎo)發(fā)病。Whenchickenshavechronicrespiratorydiseases,thismethodcannotbeused,otherwiseitwillinducedisease.

二、噴霧免疫

Sprayimmunization三、注射免疫Part03Injectionimmunization注射法分為肌肉注射和皮下注射，主要用于新城疫I系苗、禽流感疫苗等免疫接種。肌肉注射可取翅膀肩關(guān)節(jié)附近或胸部肌肉豐滿處；皮下注射可選擇大腿外測(cè)、頸后兩翅間或翅內(nèi)側(cè)皮下，以頸部皮下注射為最好。Injectionmethodsaredividedintointramuscularinjectionandsubcutaneousinjection,whicharemainlyusedforimmunizationagainstNewcastlediseaseIvaccineandavianinfluenzavaccine.Intramuscularinjectioncanbetakenneartheshoulderjointofthewingorthebreastmusclefullness;Subcutaneousinjectioncanchoosethighexternaltest,betweenthetwowingsbehindtheneckorinsidethewings,andsubcutaneousinjectionintheneckisthebest.

三、注射免疫

Injectionimmunization注意事項(xiàng)：Mattersneedingattention：1、接種部位要正確。頸部皮下注射部位，應(yīng)在頸后段1/3處皮下，如注射到頸部的肌肉內(nèi)，則引起雞縮頸、精神不振，采食下降，消瘦等，如注射部位靠頭部，則引起雞的腫頭。Theinoculationsiteshouldbecorrect.Thesubcutaneousinjectionsiteoftheneckshouldbesubcutaneousat1/3oftheposteriorsegmentoftheneck.Ifitisinjectedintothemusclesoftheneck,itwillcausenecking,depression,decreasedfoodintake,weightloss,etc.iftheinjectionsiteisclosetothehead,itwillcauseswollenheadofthechicken.2、胸肌注射時(shí)，采用7～9號(hào)的短針頭，將針頭與注射部位形成30度角，朝背部方向刺入胸肌，切忌垂直刺入。Duringchestmuscleinjection,useashortneedleofNo.7~9,forma30degreeanglebetweentheneedleandtheinjectionsite,andstabintothechestmuscletowardstheback.Donotstabvertically.3、腿部注射時(shí)，采用7-9號(hào)針頭，刺入外側(cè)淺層肌肉，以免刺傷腿部的血管、神經(jīng)，本法易引起癱瘓，慎用。Wheninjectingintotheleg,usea7-9needletostabintothelateralsuperficialmuscletoavoidstabbingthebloodvesselsandnervesoftheleg.Thismethodiseasytocauseparalysis,souseitwithcaution.

三、注射免疫

Injectionimmunization四、點(diǎn)眼滴鼻免疫Part04Intraocular-nasalimmunization

點(diǎn)眼滴鼻免疫就是用滴管吸取已稀釋好的疫苗，滴入家禽的眼內(nèi)或鼻孔中。Intraocular-nasalimmunizationistouseadroppertoabsorbthedilutedvaccineanddripitintotheeyesornostrilsofpoultry.具體方法：一般1ml約20滴，500頭份的疫苗用25ml規(guī)定的稀釋液或生理鹽水稀釋，然后用滴管滴入小雞鼻孔或眼內(nèi)，每只雞滴1～2滴。滴入時(shí)，把雞的頭頸提起，呈水平位置，用手堵住一側(cè)鼻孔，然后將疫苗液滴入眼和鼻內(nèi)，稍停片刻，使疫苗液吸人鼻和眼內(nèi)。Specificmethods:generally,1mlisabout20drops,500dosesofvaccinearedilutedwith25mlofthespecifieddiluentornormalsaline,andthendripintothenostrilsoreyesofchickswithaneyedropper,andeachchickendrops1~2drops.Whendripping,lifttheheadandneckofthechickeninahorizontalposition,blockonesideofthenostrilwithyourhand,andthendropthevaccineintotheeyesandnose.Stopforamomenttomakethevaccinesuckintothenoseandeyes.注意事項(xiàng)：動(dòng)作要慢，防止疫苗液外溢，盡量使疫苗吸收后放下雞，否則，應(yīng)補(bǔ)滴。Precautions:theactionshouldbeslowtopreventtheoverflowofvaccineliquid.Trytoputdownthechickenafterthevaccineisabsorbed,other