天津大神堂中學高一英語摸底試卷含解析一、選擇題13.Itwaslastmonth______weboughtthishouseandmovedin.A.which

B.that

C.when

D.what參考答案：B略2.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,largeamountsofgoodearth______eachyear.

Aiswashingaway.

Bisbeingwashedaway.Carewashingaway.

Darebeingwashedaway

參考答案：D3.When_______whyhehadn’tfinishedhishomework,theboyhunghisheadinshame. A.asking B.tobeasked C.asked D.toask參考答案：C4.

InAfrica,manypeopledieof______everyyear.A.hungry

B.hunger

C.cold

D.food參考答案：B5.Whiterepresentspurityinthatculture,whichisoften_____abridecarriesorwearssomethingwhiteonherweddingday.A.whether B.why C.that D.how參考答案：B【詳解】考查表語從句。句意：在那個文化中，白色代表純潔，這就是為什么新娘在婚禮上要穿白色的衣服。分析句子結構可知，which引導非限制性定語從句，先行項為主句整句內容，根據句意可知，“白色代表純潔”是“新娘在婚禮上要穿白色的衣服”的原因，故此空缺少引導詞why，故選B。6.Continuingviolencecould________theprogresstowardsreform.A.holdon B.holdout C.holdonto D.holdup參考答案：D【詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：持續(xù)的暴力可能阻礙改革的進展。holdon堅持；holdout伸出；holdonto緊緊抓??；holdup阻擋。根據句意可知，故選D。7.—Howlongwillitbe______weknowtheresultoftheEnglishexamination?—Perhapsintwoorthreedays．

A．since

B．before

C．until

D．that參考答案：B8.—Howlong____you____inSingapore?—Forjusttheweekend．I’llbebacknextMonday．A．have;stayed

B．are;staying

C．did;stay

D．do;stay參考答案：B9.OurEnglishclassisreallywhenshethinkswe’regetting

.A.amusing;boring B.amused;boredC.amusing;bored D.amused;boring參考答案：C10.Heaskedalotofquestions,mostof______hadnothingtodowithhisstudy.A.that B.which C.them D.what參考答案：B【詳解】考查定語從句連接詞。句意：他問了很多問題，其中大部分與他的學習無關。本句為“介詞+關系代詞”結構定語從句修飾先行詞questions，且先行詞在從句中做介詞of的賓語，指物，故用關系代詞which。故選B。11.I'msorryIcan'thelpyouwithyourEnglishstudy________，forIambusywiththemeetingarrangement.A．rightaway

B．rightnowC．atonce

D．straightaway參考答案：B[句意：對不起，我現在不能幫你學英語，因為我正忙著安排會議。rightnow“此刻；現在”；rightaway，atonce，straightaway都表示“馬上；立刻”。]12.Therearesomanymaterialsleftafterbuildingthehouse.Canyoutellme

?A．howtodealwith

B．howtodealwithitC．whattodealwithit

D．whattodealwith參考答案：B13.Itsnowedheavily;______,lotsofflightshavebeenputoffuntilfurthernotice.A.orelse

B.asaresult

C.aswell

D.asamatteroffact參考答案：B14.Ittookmequitealongtimeto________thenewenvironmenthere.A.adaptto

B.relateto

C.applyto

D.attachto參考答案：A15.Themanwaswalkingalongthestreet

hestoppedandlookedasif

whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.

A.when;seeing

B.when;tosee

C.while;seeing

D.while;tosee參考答案：B略16.Itwasnotuntiltheentranceexamswereinsightthat_________thatIhadsomanybookstocoverandsomanyexercisestofinish.A.Irealized

B.didIrealize

C.hadIrealized

D.Ihadrealized參考答案：A17.Hecommandedthestudents______theclassroombeforehereturned.

A.didnotleave B.leavenot

C.nottoleave D.notleaving參考答案：C二、新的題型18.Whatmakesonepersonmoreintelligentthananother?Whatmakesonepersonagenius,likethebrilliantAlbertEinstein,andanotherpersonafool?Arepeoplebornintelligentorstupid,orisintelligencetheresultofwhereandhowyoulive?___16___Weknow,however,thatjustbeingbornwithagoodmindisnotenough.Insomeways,themindislikealegoranarmmuscle.___17___Mentalexerciseisparticularlyimportantforyoungchildren.Manychildpsychologiststhinkthatparentsshouldplaywiththeirchildrenmoreoftenandgivethemproblemstothinkabout.___18___If,ontheotherhand,childrenareleftaloneagreatdealwithnothingtodo,theyaremorelikelytobecomedullandunintelligent.___19__Accordingtosomepsychologists,ifparentsarealwaystellingachildthatheorsheisafooloranidiot,thenthechildismorelikelytokeepdoingsillyandfoolishthings.Soitisprobablybetterforparentstosayverypositivethingstotheirchildren,suchas“Thatwasaverycleverthingyoudid.”or“___20___”.A.Ahealthybodycontributestoone’sintelligence.B.Parentsshouldalsobecarefulaboutwhattheysaytoyoungchildren.C.Whatpeoplewanttoexpressislikethis.D.Thechildrenarethenmorelikelytogrowupbrightandintelligent.E.Itneedsexercise.F.Youaresuchasmartchild.G.Theseareveryoldquestionsandtheanswerstothemarestillnotclear.參考答案：16．G17．E18．D19．B20．F三、閱讀理解19.In1851,AugusteComte,theFrenchphilosopherandfatherofsociology,coinedthenewwordaltruismaspartofadrivetocreateanon-religiousreligionbasedonscientificprinciples.Hedefineditas“intentionalactionforthewelfareofothersthatinvolvesatleastthepossibilityofeithernobenefitoralosstotheactor”.Atthattime,studiesofanimalbehaviorandphrenology（顱相學）ledhimtolocateegotistical（自我本位的）instinctsatthebackofthebrain,altruisticonesatthefront.Today,wehaveafarmoresophisticatedknowledgeoftheneurological（神經學的）andbiochemicalfactorsthatunderpinkindbehavior.Andthisscienceformsthebasesoftwobooksaimedatgeneralreaders—butalsoatthosewho,despitetheresearch,stilldoubttheexistenceofaltruism.However,thebooksmayendupprovidingmoreinformationforthosewhoaredoubtful.TakeTheAltruisticBrainbyneuroscientistDonaldPfaff.Onsolidscientificground,hebuildsafive-steptheoryofhowaltruismoccurs,whichdependsonanideathatisunconvincingandmayachievetheoppositeresult.Pfaffarguesthattoactaltruisticallyyoushouldfirstvisualizethereceiverofyourgoodwill,thenmentallytransformtheirimageintoyourown,“fromangletoangleandcurvetocurve”.Doesitreallywork?AtthecoreofevolutionarybiologistDavidSloanWilson’sDoesAltruismExist?isanothercontentious（有爭議的）idea:altruismhasevolvedastheresultofgroupselection.ButWilsonargueshiscornermasterfully,providingacleverreplytothebeliefthatnaturalselectionoccursonlyattheleveloftheselfishgene:“Selfishnessbeatsaltruismwithingroups.Altruisticgroupsbeatselfishgroups,”hesays.Inotherwords,wecooperatewhendoingsogivesourteamtheadvantage.Thatdoesn’tsoundveryselflesseither.Wilsonacknowledgesthis,butarguesthatthoughtsandfeelingsarelessimportantthanactions.Accordingtoevolutionarytheory,purealtruistsdoexist,butitdoesn’tmatterwhypeoplechoosetohelpothers—theirreasonsmaybedifficultevenforthemselvestounderstand.Whatmattersisthathumanscancoordinatetheiractivitiesinjusttherightwaytoachievecommongoals.Otheranimalsdothistoo,butwearemasters.“Teamworkisthesignatureadaptationofourspecies,”hesays.Pfaffgoesfurther,insistingthatourbrainbiology“urgesustobekind”.Hebelievesthisknowledgealonewillinspireindividualstobemorealtruistic.Hisdesiretocreateabetterworldisadmirableandsomeofhisideasareinteresting,butWilson’sanalysisisclearer.Whileitisinournaturetobealtruistic,Wilsonsays,wealsohaveahealthyregardforself-interestandaresistancetobeingpushedaround.Whichonecomestotheforedependsontheenvironmentinwhichwefindourselves.Ethics,hesays,cannotbetaughtatindividuallevel,butare“apropertyofthewholesystem”.90.WhichofthefollowingcanbeconsideredanaltruisticbehaviouraccordingtoComte’sdefinition?A.Apersonofferstodonatehislivertoanotherwhoneedsone.B.Aclerkreturnstheumbrellatohiscolleaguewhichhehaskeptforalongtime.C.Astudentvolunteerstoworkintheorphanagetocollectdataforhisresearch.D.Apoliceofficerspotsacarparkingintheno-parkingarea,findingachildinthetrunk.91.WhatdoesDonaldPfaffthinkpeopleshou