含分布式電源的配網(wǎng)網(wǎng)損分攤方法及其場景適用性研究摘要：近年來，分布式電源（DistributedGeneration,DG）的發(fā)展日趨成熟，其在配電系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛。然而，分布式電源的接入對配網(wǎng)網(wǎng)損分攤方式提出了新的挑戰(zhàn)。本文通過對分布式電源的接入方式、網(wǎng)損分攤方法以及場景適用性進行研究，旨在為配網(wǎng)網(wǎng)損分攤提供理論指導(dǎo)和技術(shù)支持。首先，本文對分布式電源的接入方式進行了分類與分析。常見的分布式電源接入方式包括并網(wǎng)、孤島和微網(wǎng)等，每種方式在不同場景下都有其適用性和限制性。并網(wǎng)接入是將分布式電源與配電系統(tǒng)直接連接，可以實現(xiàn)電力互補與網(wǎng)損分攤。孤島接入是將分布式電源與主電網(wǎng)物理隔離，適用于特定的用戶需求和電力規(guī)劃。微網(wǎng)接入是將多個分布式電源有機組織成一個獨立運行的小型電網(wǎng)，可以實現(xiàn)主動管理與優(yōu)化。其次，本文對常見的網(wǎng)損分攤方法進行了歸納和評價。目前，常見的網(wǎng)損分攤方法主要包括功率分攤法、電流分攤法、負荷分攤法和成本分攤法等。功率分攤法是根據(jù)分布式電源的實際輸出功率來計算其網(wǎng)損分攤比例，適用于功率輸出穩(wěn)定的情況。電流分攤法是根據(jù)分布式電源的實際輸出電流來計算其網(wǎng)損分攤比例，適用于電流波動較大的情況。負荷分攤法是根據(jù)用戶負荷量來計算分布式電源的網(wǎng)損分攤比例，適用于負荷波動較大的情況。成本分攤法是根據(jù)分布式電源的運行成本來計算其網(wǎng)損分攤比例，適用于成本敏感的情況。不同的分攤方法適用于不同的情況，需要根據(jù)實際需求選擇合適的方法。最后，本文通過案例研究分析了不同的分布式電源接入方式和網(wǎng)損分攤方法在實際應(yīng)用中的場景適用性。研究結(jié)果表明，并網(wǎng)接入方式適用于整體電力系統(tǒng)較為穩(wěn)定的情況，可以實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)損最小化；孤島接入方式適用于場景需求緊迫、用戶自供電需求強烈的情況，但在網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模較大時難以實施；微網(wǎng)接入方式適用于微電網(wǎng)建設(shè)相對集中的場景，可以實現(xiàn)分布式電源的靈活調(diào)度和優(yōu)化運行。對于網(wǎng)損分攤方法而言，不同的方法適用于不同的情況，需要綜合考慮功率平衡、經(jīng)濟性和用戶需求等因素。關(guān)鍵詞：分布式電源；接入方式；網(wǎng)損分攤；場景適用性；配電系統(tǒng)Abstract:Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofDistributedGeneration(DG)hasbecomeincreasinglymature,anditsapplicationindistributionsystemsisbecomingmoreandmoreextensive.However,theaccessofdistributedgenerationposesnewchallengestotheallocationofnetworklossesindistributionnetworks.Thispaperaimstoprovidetheoreticalguidanceandtechnicalsupportfornetworklossallocationindistributionnetworksthroughresearchontheaccessmethodsofdistributedgeneration,networklossallocationmethods,andtheirapplicabilityindifferentscenarios.Firstly,thispaperclassifiesandanalyzestheaccessmethodsofdistributedgeneration.Commonaccessmethodsfordistributedgenerationincludegrid-connected,islanded,andmicrogrid,eachofwhichhasitsapplicabilityandlimitationsindifferentscenarios.Grid-connectedaccessconnectsdistributedgenerationdirectlytothedistributionsystem,whichcanachievepowercomplementationandnetworklossallocation.Islandedaccessphysicallyisolatesdistributedgenerationfromthemaingridandissuitableforspecificuserneedsandpowerplanning.Microgridaccessorganizesmultipledistributedgenerationunitsintoaself-containedminigrid,whichenablesactivemanagementandoptimization.Secondly,thispapersummarizesandevaluatescommonmethodsfornetworklossallocation.Currently,commonnetworklossallocationmethodsincludepowerallocation,currentallocation,loadallocation,andcostallocation.Powerallocationcalculatestheproportionofnetworklossallocationbasedontheactualoutputpowerofdistributedgenerationandissuitableforstablepoweroutputsituations.Currentallocationcalculatestheproportionofnetworklossallocationbasedontheactualoutputcurrentofdistributedgenerationandissuitableforsituationswithsignificantcurrentfluctuations.Loadallocationcalculatestheproportionofnetworklossallocationbasedonuserloadandissuitableforsituationswithsignificantloadfluctuations.Costallocationcalculatestheproportionofnetworklossallocationbasedontheoperatingcostofdistributedgenerationandissuitableforcost-sensitivesituations.Differentallocationmethodsaresuitablefordifferentsituationsandrequiretheappropriatemethodtobeselectedbasedontheactualneeds.Finally,thispaperanalyzestheapplicabilityofdifferentaccessmethodsandnetworklossallocationmethodsinpracticalapplicationsthroughcasestudies.Theresearchresultsshowthatgrid-connectedaccessissuitableforsituationswheretheoverallpowersystemisrelativelystableandcanminimizenetworklosses.Islandedaccessissuitableforsituationswithurgentscenariorequirementsandstronguserself-supplyneeds,butitisdifficulttoimplementinlarge-scalenetworks.Microgridaccessissuitableforscenarioswithrelativelyconcentratedmicrogridconstruction,whichenablesflexibleschedulingandoptimizedoperationofdistributedgeneration.Asfornetworklossallocationmethods,differentmethodsaresuitablefordifferentsituations,andfactorssuch