專題十一推理判斷

挖命題

【考情探究】

考卷

課標(biāo)全國(guó)1課標(biāo)全國(guó)II課標(biāo)全國(guó)IH

年份

第25題，第26題，第28題，第32第25題第27題，第34題量蠹量題?第28題.第3。

2018

題第35題

考第23題，第24題第27題，第29第24題第27題.第29題第30題，第24題.第26題，第27題，第30

頻2017

推

統(tǒng)題第30題第33題第34題第35題題.第31題

理

計(jì)2829

判第24題，第26題第28題，第32J鬻第題‘第題‘第"題第27題，第31題.第33題

2016

斷題第33題第34題

第24題，第28題，第33題，第34第21題第24題，第29題，第30題，

2015

題第35題第31題

第23題，第24題第27題，第28

2014第27題，第31題第33題

題，第30題，第31題

考點(diǎn)考綱要求考生根據(jù)文章所提供的事實(shí)及自己的一些常識(shí)進(jìn)行合理的推斷，判斷作者的意圖，人物的動(dòng)機(jī)、目的及性格特征,事件發(fā)

內(nèi)容生的前因后果等.

分析解讀高考推理判斷題主要考查考生：（1）推斷隱含意義的能力.（2）推斷作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度的能力。

（3）推斷寫(xiě)作目的的能力。（4）推斷文章出處的能力。（5）推斷上下文內(nèi)容的能力。要求考生在閱讀過(guò)程中貫通

表面和內(nèi)涵的意思，并把已知和未知的信息聯(lián)系起來(lái)，以文章所提供的事實(shí)為依據(jù).經(jīng)過(guò)分析思考而形成一定

的觀點(diǎn)?？忌璞M量考慮文中的全部信息和事實(shí)，在通盤(pán)理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意.并作出

正確的推斷。

過(guò)專題

【五年高考】

A組統(tǒng)一命題?課標(biāo)卷題組

Passage1（2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,D）詞數(shù):351

Wcmaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshiny

andnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.

That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergy

thantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochester

InstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcoststoreachproductthroughoutitslife一from

whenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadouttorhowhome

energyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basic

mobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,

smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevision

isreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthe

house,“saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992

to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices一wecontinuetousethem.Accordingtotheanalysis

ofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeir

energyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992

to2007window.

Sowhat'sthesolution（解決方案）?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexplored

whatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,

suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewing

ontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

l.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.

B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.

D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

2.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?

A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.

C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.

D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?

A.Thcbox-setTV.B.Thctablet.

C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.

4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?

A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.

C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.

答案

I.A

2.D

3.B

4.A

Passage2（2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)［H,C）詞數(shù):368

WhilefamousforeignarchitectsareinvitedtoleadthedesignsoflandmarkbuildingsinChinasuchas

thenewCCTVtowerandtheNationalCenterforthePerformingArts,manyexcellentChinesearchitectsare

makinggreateffortstotakethecenterstage.

Theireffortshavebeenprovenfruitful.WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012Pritzker

ArchitecturePrize——whichisoftenreferredtoastheNobelPrizeinarchitecture——onFebruary28.Heisthe

firstChinesecitizentowinthisaward.

WangservesasheadoftheArchitectureDepartmentattheChinaAcademyofArt（CAA）.Hisofficeis

locatedattheXiangshancampus（校園）oftheuniversityinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Manybuildingson

thecampusarehisoriginalcreations.

ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromthatofmostChineseuniversities.Manyvisitorswere

amazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.Thecurves（曲線）ofthebuildings

perfectlymatchtheriseandfallofhills,formingauniqueview.

Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricksofdifferentages.Heaskedtheworkerstouse

traditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.Thiscreationattractedalotofattention

thankstoitsmixtureofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements（元素）.

Wang'sworksshowadeepunderstandingofmodernarchitectureandagoodknowledgeoftraditions.

Throughsuchabalance,hehadcreatedanewtypeofChinesearchitecture,saidTadaoAndo,thewinner

ofthe1995PritzkerPrize.

Wangbelievestraditionsshouldnotbesealedinglassboxesatmuseums."Thatisonlyevidencethat

traditionsonceexisted,Mhesaid.

“ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstandingoftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldthingsfrom

thepast.Infact,traditionalsoreferstothethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated,vhe

said.

uToday,manyChinesepeoplearelearningWesternstylesandtheoriesratherthanfocusingonChinese

traditions.Manypeopletendtotalkabouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare,“saidWang.

Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbecombinedwithpractice.Otherwise,therecreationoftraditionswould

beartificialandempty,hesaid.

LWang'swinningoftheprizemeansthatChinesearchitectsare.

A.followingthelatestworldtrend

B.gettinginternationalrecognition

C.workingharderthaneverbefore

D.rclyingonforeignarchitects

2.WhatimpressedvisitorstotheCAAXiangshancampusmost?

A.Itshillyenvironment.

B.Itslargesize.

C.Itsuniquestyle.

D.Itsdiversefunctions.

3.WhatmadeWang'sarchitecturaldesignasuccess?

A.Thcmixtureofdifferentshapes.

B.ThcbalanceofEastandWest.

C.Theuseofpopulartechniques.

D.Theharmonyofoldandnew.

4.WhatshouldwedoaboutChinesetraditionsaccordingtoWang?

A.Spreadthemtotheworld.

B.Preservethematmuseums.

C.Teachtheminuniversities.

D.Recreatetheminpractice.

分口室木

LB

2.C

3.D

4.D

Passage3（2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,B）詞數(shù):290

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocust

Valley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbehcartbrcaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,

whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.

IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl（貓頭鷹）ontheground.

Whenlarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithadalreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.

1examinedthechick（雛鳥(niǎo)）anditseemedfine.If1couldlocatethenest,1mighthavebeenabletoput

itback,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.

Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.Iputsomepinebranchesintothebasket

tomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.

Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingof

thehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoencourage

ourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometosee

whatnewsthenightmightbring.

Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalled

tosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlooking

healthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall一LUNCH!Theparentshad

donetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.

l.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?

A.Effbrtsmadeinvain.

B.Gettinginjuredinhiswork.

C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.

D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.

2.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?

A.Torescueawoman.

B.Totakecareofawoman.

C.Tolookatababyowl.

D.Tocureayoungowl.

3.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?

A.Anewnest.B.Somcfood.

C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.

4.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?

A.lt'sunexpected.B.It'sbeautiful.

C.It'shumorous.D.It'sdiscouraging.

林口崇

1.A

2.C

3.A

4.B

Passage4（2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)H,D）詞數(shù):288

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzand

IanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboring

plantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.What

theplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsfor

short.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayof

cryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypump

outperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,

ihetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusually

moreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarm

andknewwhattodo.

Docsthismeanthatplantstalktoeachothcr?Scicntistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadea

cryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhaps

theneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentional

backandforth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreinlimate（親密的）than

theworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.

1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.

B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.Itstandsquietly.

D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturnedwinparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Thcplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan?

A.predictnaturaldisasters

B.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionally

D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.

C.Thcworldismorecomplexthanitseems.

D.PeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreimaginative.

答案

l.D

2.A

3.B

4.C

Passage5（2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)H1B）詞數(shù):274

MinutesafterthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepingup

popcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepeatedmanytimesinthetheater's75-year

history.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,

anothergroupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationfbrthebuilding'send.

ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownintheoldtheater.Thoughthemovie

is30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetothe

oldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBradfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovie

issetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.

BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossiblefbrthePlazatocompete.Headded

thatthetheater'slocation（位置）wasalsoareason."Thisusedtobethecenteroftown,“hesaid."Nowthe

areaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.,,

Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthecitymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseum

andpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancialproblems.Bradfordsold

thebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwhere

thetheaterislocated.

Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byeasBradfordlockedthedoorsfbrthelasttime.After75yearsthe

PlazaTheaterhadshownitslastmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.

l.Inwhatwaywasyesterday'scleanupatthePlazaspecial?

A.Itmaderoomfbrnewequipment.

B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.

C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.

D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthetheater.

2.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?

A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.

B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.

C.Thcaudiencerequestedit.

D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.

3.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?

A.Itwillberepaired.

B.Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.

C.Itwillbeknockeddown.

D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.

4.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?

A.TheyaredisappointedwithBradford.

B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.

C.Theyarcsupportiveofthecityofficials.

D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.

答案

l.B

2.D

3.C

4.B

Passage6(2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,A)詞數(shù)293

YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstanding

ladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?

JaneAddams(1860—1935)

AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthe

poorandworkedfbrpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromoting

educationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowinthe

NobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson(1907—1964)

Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962

bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumans

andontheworld'slakesandoceans.

SandraDayO'Connor(1930—present)

WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnot

findworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and,in1981,

thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcases

duringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks(1913—2005)

OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoa

whitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.It

lastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement."TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredof

givingin,“saidParks.

1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?

A.Hcrsocialwork.

B.Herteachingskills.

C.Hereffortstowinaprize.

D.Hercommunitybackground.

2.WhatwasthereasonfbrO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?

A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.

B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.

C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.

D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.

3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?

A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.

C.SandraDayO'Connor.D.RosaParks.

4.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?

A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.

C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.

答案

l.A

2.C

3.D

4.C

Passage7（2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)II,D）詞數(shù):293

AnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.

FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstanding-undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalism-iftheyhadbeen

madelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck（海

難）,byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinan

icechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.

TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builtthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSir

ErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostshoreof

Antarctica'sWeddellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled（雪橇）acrossthe

continent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.Captain

ScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.

AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEndurance,

adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott'slastjourney,completedashelayinatent

dyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld'simagination,andafilmmadeinhishonordrewcrowds.Shackleton,

aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,started

abusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfident

andgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhich

haveneverbeforebeenpublished.

l.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurley?

A.Theyweremadelastweek.

B.Theyshowedunderseasceneries.

C.Theywerefoundbyacameraman.

D.Thcyrecordedadisastrousadventure.

2.WhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetext?

A.FrankHurley.

B.ErnestShackleton.

C.RobertFalconScott.

D.CarolineAlexander.

3.WhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyage?

A.Artisticcreation.B.Scientificresearch.

C.Moneymaking.D.Treasurehunting.

分口室木

l.D

2.C

3.C

Passage8（2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)III?詞數(shù):279

Ifyouareafruitgrower-orwouldliketobecomeone一takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhal's

around.It'scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit'smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21,

butsinceithascaughton,eventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.

Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awidevarietyofapples.Topeople

whoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,it

canbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwas

grownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn'ttasteofanythingspecial,it'sstillworthatry,asistheknobbly（多

疙瘩的）Cat'sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse.

Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.Oneoftheverybestvarietiesforeating

qualityisOrleansRcinette,butyou'llneedawarm,shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,soit'sapipe

dreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.

Attheevents,youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions,and

becausethesearefamilyaffairs,childrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.

AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit,includingstatelygardensand

commercialorchards（果園）.Ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience,tryvisitingtheNationalFruit

CollectionatBrogdale,nearFavershaminKent.

1.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?

A.Attendexperts'lectures.

B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.

C.Plantfruittreesinanorchard.

D.Tastemanykindsofapples.

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?

A.Itisanewvariety.B.Ithasastrangelook.

C.Itisrarelyseennow.D.Ithasaspecialtaste.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?

A.Apracticalidea.B.Avainhope.

C.Abrilliantplan.D.Aselfishdesire.

4.VVhatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.

B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.

C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.

D.Topromoteappleresearch.

答案

I.D

2.C

3.B

4.B

Passage9（2016課標(biāo)全國(guó)IH,D）詞數(shù):356

Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearethe

classicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatinformationisbeingspread

andmonitored（膝捽）indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se-mailsand

onlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.

“The*ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,vsaysJonahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityof

Pennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywith

yourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.”

Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication-e-mails,Webpostsandreviews,face-to-face

conversations——foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative（消極的），butthatdidn'tnecessarilymean

peoplepreferredpositivenews.Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmore

goodthingsthanbadthings?Totestforthatpossibility.Dr.Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticular

setofnewsstories:thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes5website.HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzed

the“moste-mailcd"listforsixmonths.Oneofhisfirstfindingswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionwere

muchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon-scienccarticles.HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes'readers

andmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.

Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny,orthatinspirednegativefeelingslike

angeroranxiety,butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad.Theyneededtobearoused（激發(fā)）onewayorthe

other,andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad.Themorepositiveanarticle,themorelikelyitwastobeshared,

asDr.Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook,“Contagious:WhyThingsCatchOn.”

1.Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto?

A.Newsreports.B.Researchpapers.

C.Privatee-mails.D.Dailyconversations.

2.WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?

A.They'resociallyinactive.

B.They'regoodattellingstories.

C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.

D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.

3.Whichtendedtobethemoste-mailedaccordingtoDr.Berger'sresearch?

A.Sportsnews.B.Sciencearticles.

C.Personalaccounts.D.Financialreviews.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.SadStoriesTravelFarandWide

B.OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople

C.ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes

D.GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks

答案

l.A

2.C

3.B

4.D

Passage10（2015課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,B）詞數(shù):338

ThefreezingNortheasthasn'lbeenaterriblyfunplacetospendtimethiswinter,sowhenthechancecame

foraweekendtoSarasota,Florida,mybagswerepackedbeforeyoucouldsay“sunshine”.1leftfortheland

ofwarmthandvitaminC（維生素C）,thinkingofbeachesandorangetrees.Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskies

andwarmairjsentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets（atnormal

eveninghours,not4intheaftcrnoon）filledtheweekend,butthebestpart一particularlytomytaste,dulledby

monthsofcold-wcatherrootvegetables一wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers'marketthatproved

tobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.

Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a.m.to1p.m.,rainor

shine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries;thered-paintedsidesoftheJava

Dawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,softandroundredtomatoes.

Disappointedbymanyabroken,vine-ripened（蔓上成熟的）promiseJ'verefusedtobuywintertomatoesfor

years.Nomatterhowattractivetheylookinthestore,onceIgetthemhomethey'reunfailinglydry,hard,and

tasteless.ButIhomedin,withuncertainty,ononeparticulartableattheBrown'sGroveFarm'sstand,fullof

freshandsofttomatoesthesizeofmyfist.Thescweretherealdeal——andatthatmoment,!realizedthatthe

bestpartofSarasotainwinterwasgoingtobeeatingthingsthatbackhomeinNewYorkIwouldn'tbe

experiencingagainformonths.

DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrown'sGrove

FarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where-luckily

fbrme-Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.Withoutevenseeingthemenu,IknewI'dbeordering

everytomatoonit.

l.WhatdidtheauthorthinkofherwinterlifeinNewYork?

A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.

2.Whatmadetheauthor'sgettingupearlyworthwhile?

A.Havingaswim.

B.Breathinginfreshair.

C.Wa