英語語法定語從句

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)

定語從句在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名次或代詞即現(xiàn)行詞。定

語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：which>that、who>whom、whose關(guān)系副詞有：when、where>why

定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞既起引導(dǎo)從句的作用，同時(shí)又擔(dān)任從句的主語、賓語、定語(whose)、

和狀語，在限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略，在非限制性定從中不可省。

考點(diǎn)一、由which、that引導(dǎo)的定從，在從句中作主語、賓語，指物

Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsneartheriverisourschool.

Ilostthebook(which/that)yougaveme.

考點(diǎn)二、由who、whom>that、whose在從句中主語、賓語、定語

Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedme.

Idon'tknowtheman(who/whom/that)youtalkedwith.

NobodywantsthehouseCwhoseroofhasfallenin.

[theroofofwhichhasfallenin.

°ofwhichtheroofhasfallenin.

考點(diǎn)三、使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn)：

1.關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)：

when=on(in,at,during...)+whichwhere=in(at,on...)+whichwhy=for

which

IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.

Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.

Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.

2.當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間和表地點(diǎn)的詞時(shí)，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語

時(shí)，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that;缺少時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，才能用when或where,

rilneverforgetthedaywhenmyhometownwasliberated.

rilneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherlastsummer.

Hisfatherworksinafactorywhereradiopartsaremade.

Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.

3.when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。而why

只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句。

考點(diǎn)四、只用that的情形

1.先行詞是不定代詞all,(a)little,few,much,none,everything,something,anything,nothing,等

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

2.先行詞被all,any,no,much,little,few,every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。

Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid

3.先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)

Thisisthebestfilm(that)Ihaveeverseen.

4.先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)

ThefirstEnglishnovel(that)IreadwasATaleofTwoCities.

5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)

Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.

6.先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)

Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?

7.當(dāng)特殊疑問詞由who或which引導(dǎo)時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常用that代替who或which

Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?

Whichisthedictionary(that)youboughtyesterday?

8.當(dāng)先行詞在主句中做表語，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語

Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe..

考點(diǎn)五、“介詞+which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.當(dāng)介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，介詞賓語只用which或whom,關(guān)系代詞不能省略

ThisisthehouseinwhichShakespeareusedtolive.

Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tsinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.

RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.

2.復(fù)合介詞短語+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這種結(jié)構(gòu)常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開，定

語從句常用倒裝語序

Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.

3.介詞+which/whom+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”

“inwhichtolive.

ThepoormanhasnohouseSinwhichhecanlive.

Ltolivein.

考點(diǎn)六、關(guān)系代詞as,which引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別

1.As與which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個(gè)句子，有時(shí)可以互換，但是，當(dāng)非限制性

定語從句放在主句前面時(shí)，只能用as,不能用which。

Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

=Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

=Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.

2.當(dāng)as在從句中作主語時(shí),后面常接動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：beknown,besaid,bereported,be

announced等。如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般用which作主語。

Shehasbeenabsentagain,asisexpected.

Tomhasmaderapidprogress,whichmakesmeveryhappy.

3.as常用在Asisoftenthecase;as(it)seemslikely,as{it}oftenhappens,as(it)waspointed

out,as(it)wassaidearlier,asIremember(it),asIunderstand(it),as(it)appears等結(jié)構(gòu)中。

Jackhaswonthefirstprize,asitoftenhappen.(像往常一樣)

Asispointedout,thisisgrammarproblem.

考點(diǎn)七、定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞保持一致

1.oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞

TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthathavedrawlotsofvisitors.

2.the（only）oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞

TheGreatWallistheonly（one）ofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.

考點(diǎn)八、幾種較為復(fù)雜的定語從句

1.way后面的定.語從句

Thewaythat/inwhich/*heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.

2.Jsuch+名詞+as...像…一樣的，像…之類

Lthesame+名詞+as...和...同樣的

Heissuchacleverboyaseveryonelikes.（定從）

Heissuchacleverboythateveryonelikeshim.（結(jié)果狀從）

但先行詞被thesame修飾時(shí)，that也可引導(dǎo)定從，但意義有所不同。

ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.（指同樣或同類的）

ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.（指同一個(gè)）

英語語法名詞性從句

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)

Aims：

1.以姬引導(dǎo)翅的用法為主，以鑒別不同句型及領(lǐng)悟句意為切入點(diǎn)對(duì)引導(dǎo)詞的選取進(jìn)行把握,

既注重引導(dǎo)詞之間的語法功能差異又注重語意差異。

2.將名詞性從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、定語從句、狀語從句等融合起來訓(xùn)練,提升學(xué)生對(duì)基本知識(shí)的

掌握運(yùn)用和分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)、辨析各種從句的能力。

3.能辨析運(yùn)用what和that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。

考點(diǎn)1主語從句

主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語，有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，避免“頭”重“腳”輕用it作形

式主語，而把從句放在后面。

Thathewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.他當(dāng)選了使我們很高興。

Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.是什么導(dǎo)致了這次事故還完全是一個(gè)謎。

Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否來還是一個(gè)問題。

Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，真是遺憾。

考點(diǎn)2表語從句

在句子中充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句?？山颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,seem,appear,become,

turn,get等。注意連詞that不能省略，另外要注意asif,asthough,because,why等也可以引

導(dǎo)表語從句。如：

Theproblemiswhocanbesenttoreplacehim.問題是能派誰去頂替他。

Thereasonwhyhegotangrywithmeisthathegotillthatday.

注:從屬連詞because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句，引出的是原因;而why引出的是結(jié)果。

用because和why填空

Thathecamelateishemissedtheearlytrain..

Hemissedtheearlytrain.Thatishecamelate.

考點(diǎn)3賓語從句

賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，一般放在動(dòng)詞、介詞或形容詞后。一般來說,引導(dǎo)賓

語從句的that可省略，但在下列情況下不可省略：

(1)賓語從句被分割時(shí):Wedon'tdoubt,inanycase,thathekeepshispromise.

(2)賓語從句不止一個(gè)時(shí)，從第二個(gè)起:Everyonecouldseewhatwashappeningandthat

poorMarywasnearlyfrightened.

(3)賓語從句放在介詞except,but,in之后時(shí):Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless.

在賓語從句中，語序要注意是陳述句語序；主句與賓語從句之間時(shí)態(tài)要相互照應(yīng)。

在考試中常考查

(1)用it作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在句子的后面。

Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.他已經(jīng)表明他是不會(huì)屈服的。

⑵插入語

如doyouthink/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,疑問詞

要放在句首。

Whatdoyouthinkisgoingonoutside?你認(rèn)為外邊出了什么事？

(3)否定轉(zhuǎn)移及含有賓語從句復(fù)合句的反意疑問句

I/we(don't)think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語從句時(shí),反意疑問句要與賓語

從句的主語和謂語保持一致。

Idon'tsupposehecares,doeshe?我看他不在乎，是嗎？

(4)在賓語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞whether和if基本一致，但介詞后的賓語從句要用whethero

Italldependsuponwhetherwecangettheircooperation,這得看我們能否得至U他們的合作。

(5)動(dòng)詞doubt如用于肯定句，其后的賓語從句要用whether/if引導(dǎo)，如用于否定句或疑

問句，則賓語從句要用that引導(dǎo)。

Idoubtif/whetherourfootballteamwillwinthematch,我懷疑我們的足球隊(duì)能否贏得這場(chǎng)比

賽。

Idon'tdoubtthatIcandefeathiminthecontest.我相信我能在比賽中戰(zhàn)勝他。

(6)that的省略；(7)虛擬語氣的應(yīng)用；

考點(diǎn)4同位語從句

1.從句在句子中充當(dāng)同位語的句子叫同位語從句。能接同位語的名詞常見的有belief,fact,

idea,doubt,news,conclusion,reason,opinion,possibility,promise,cause,explanation等。

2.注意區(qū)別由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句和定語從句。

I'veheardthenewsthathetoldyoutheotherday.(定語從句)

I'veheardthenewsthathevisitedourfactory.(同位語從句)

考點(diǎn)5what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句

what既有引導(dǎo)從句的作用，同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等)，這時(shí)what相當(dāng)

于allthat/everythingthat/thethings/that等。

Whatwecan】getseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.我們得不到的東西似乎比我們得到的要好。

ThisplantgrowsbestinwhatisnowtheUnitedStates.這種植物在現(xiàn)在的美國(guó)生長(zhǎng)得最好。

考點(diǎn)6引導(dǎo)詞who與whoever的區(qū)別

whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),相當(dāng)于anyonewho或thosewho,它既是從句的主語或賓語，又是

主句的主語或賓語。而who只作從句的主語或賓語，它引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語或賓語。

Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.幫助救落水女孩的人值得表揚(yáng)。

Whowillbeelectedthepresidentdoesn9tmakemuchdifferencetome.誰當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)對(duì)我來說不

怎么重要。

考點(diǎn)7引導(dǎo)詞what與whatever的區(qū)別

whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，與what差不多，但語氣上更強(qiáng)些,相當(dāng)于anythingthat,有"...任

何一切……”之意。

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.一般來說，小孩子要什

么就給什么是不明智的。

ThisisexactlywhatIwant.這正是我要的。

考點(diǎn)8whoever與nomatterwho;whatever與nomatterwhat的區(qū)另(J

whoever與whatever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;nomatterwho與no

matterwhat只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。

Whoever(=Nomatterwho)youare,youcan'tpassthisway.不管你是誰，你都不能通過這條路。

Whoeverdidthisjobmustberewarded.無論誰干了這件工作一定要得到報(bào)酬。

考點(diǎn)9名詞性從句的語序

名詞性從句一律用陳述語序。

Noonewillbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyears.

沒人知道百萬年后人會(huì)是什么樣子。

考點(diǎn)10名詞性從句的語氣

1.表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的動(dòng)詞，后接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語動(dòng)

詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。

Bob'sdoctorsuggeststhathe(should)restforafewdays.鮑勃的醫(yī)生建議他休息幾天。

2.表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，后接that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句時(shí)，從句中的謂語

動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。

Thisisouronlyrequestthatthis(should)besettledassoonaspossible.這是我們唯一的要求:盡

快解決這個(gè)問題。

3.主語是表示“建議、要求、命令、想法”意義的名詞，后面是that引導(dǎo)的表語從句時(shí),從句中

的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。

Hersuggestionwasthatthey(should)carryontheirconversationinFrench.她提議她們繼續(xù)用

法語進(jìn)行對(duì)話。

從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1.Finallyhereachedalonelyislandwascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.

2.youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.

3.we'llgocampingdependsonitwillbefinetomorrow.

4.shecomesornotmakesnodifference.

5.Mariahaswrittentwonovels,bothofhavebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.

6.Thequestionisitisworthdoing.

7.Thereissomedoubthewillcome./Thereisnodoubthewillcome.

8.Thafsthenewmachinepartsaretoosmalltobeseen.

9.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

10.hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

11.Itissaidthatthefamousfootballstarisnotwillingtoplayforwouldpayhimthree

milliondollarsayear.

12.You511findtaxiswaitingatthebusstationyoucanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.

13.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

14.Goandgetyourcoat.Ifsyouleftit.

15.Alotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,

soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.

16.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisisIdisagree.

17.--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

--Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?

18.1rememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage.

19.--Doyourememberhecame?-Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.

20.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants

21.Whendeeplyabsorbedinwork,heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingor

sleeping.

22.wecan'tgetcomesbetterthanwehave.

23.Acomputercanonlydoyouhaveinstructedittodo.

24.Theairqualityinthecity,_isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.

25.Itisprettywellunderstoodcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmosphere

today.

26.Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,urgentlyneededcleanwater,

medicineandsheltertosurvive.

27.Amoderncityhasbeensetupinwasawastelandtenyearsago.

28.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?

29.Seetheflagsonthebuilding?Thatwaswedidthismorning.

30.By16:30,wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.

31.Americawaswasfirstcalled"India“byColumbus.

32.troublesmemostisIdon'tknowhowtocalmthesickoldman.

33.1thinkitisyouareworkingyourselftoomuch.

34.ThereasonIplantogoisshewillbedisappointedIdon't.

35.Salesdirectorisapositioncommunicationabilityisjustasimportantassales.

36.Danbyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.

37.Doyouthinkisright,theysay.

38.It'sknowntousthereispollution,thereisharm.

39.Hemadeapromiseanyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.

40.Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfromyoureceivedgifts?

41.Itwasattheverybeginning_Mr.Foxmadethedecision___weshouldsendmore

firefightershere.

42.1wouldappreciateifyoucallbackthisafternoonforthedoctor'sappointment.

43.Itisveryexcitingwearepassingtheflame（傳遞火火巨）inShenzhen.

44.WhatwefeelexcitediswearepassingtheflameinShenzhennow.

45.WhenIarrived,BryantookmetoseethehouseIwouldbestaying.

46.WeareexcitedaboutnewswearepassingtheflameinShenzhen.

47.Thenews__Mr.LiwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue.

48.Thenewshetoldmeyesterdayistrue.

49.Thereisnosimpleanswer,isoftenthecaseinscience.

50.Thenews__hetoldmeisthatMikewouldgoabroadnextyear.

51.Thenews_Mikewouldgoabroadnextyearistoldbyhim.

52.Sheexpressedthehope_theywouldcometovisitShanghaiagain.

53.ThehopesheexpressedistheywouldcometovisitShanghaiagain.

54.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform_____visitors

canwatchthebidglasshousesbeingbuilt.

55.1can'tdecidedictionaryIshouldbuy.

56.That5sherefusedmyinvitation.

57.1amveryinterestedinhehasimprovedhis