青島市2024年高三年級(jí)第一次適應(yīng)性檢測

英語

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

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題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。

A

Monet:TheImmersive（沉浸式）Experience

Monet:TheImmersiveExperienceinLiegeinvitesyoutostepintotheworldofthe

FrenchpainterClaudeMonet,oneofthegreatestartisticgeniusesofthenineteenthcentury!

ExploresomeofthemostbreathtakingpaintingsbyClaudeMonetwiththehelpofa

digital360-degreepresentation.Theuniqueexhibitionconceptisstagedwithstate-of-the-art

multimediatechnology,whichshowsverylargeimagesofMonefspaintingsonthewallsand

floorsofthebuilding.Ithasmusic,thesmellofflowers,andvoice-overinseverallanguages

tomakethepaintingscomealiveinawayneverseenbefore.

TofullygetintotheworldoftheFrenchpainter,visitorsareguidedthroughthree

experiencerooms.Eachroomisahighlightonitsownandprovidesvisitorsnotonlywithan

insight,butalsowithnewexperiencesandnewviewpointsonMonefslife,hisworkandhis

masterpieces.

Practicalinfo

?Date:fromMarch2024

?Openinghours:

Wednesday,Thursday:10:00am-7:00pm

Friday:10:00am-8:00pm

Saturday:9:00am-8:00pm

Sunday:9:00am-7:00pm

MondayandTuesday:Closed

?Duration:thevisitwilltakearound60to75minutes

?Location:EgliseSaint-Pholien,RueSaint-Pholien,4020Liege

?PleaseconsulttheFAQsofthisexperiencehere

1.HowdoestheexhibitionhelpvisitorsexploreMonefspaintings?

A.Itusesdigitaltechnology.B.Itgiveslecturesonart.

C.Itoffersstagestovisitors.D.Itprovideslanguageservices.

2.Whatwillvisitorsexperienceinthethreerooms?

A.AnexplorationonFrenchart.B.Anintroductorytourofpainters.

C.AuniquejourneytoMonefsworld.D.AnencounterwithMonet-inspired

artworks.

3.Whichofthefollowingisarecommendedvisitingtime?

A.11:30am(Wed,Feb21).B.10:00am(Tue,Mar19).

C.6:30pm(Thur,Mar28).D.4:00pm(Sun,Apr7).

B

TheMusicEducatorAward,thisyear,wenttoAnnieRay,anorchestra(管弦樂

隊(duì))directoratAnnandaleHighSchool.Shewasrecognizedforhereffortstomakemusic

accessibletoallstudents,particularlythosewithdisabilities.Raygottoattendtheawards

ceremonyinLosAngelesandbringhomea$10,000prize.

RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestraforstudentswithsevereintellectualand

developmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200caregiversa

yeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchild.Rayalsoworkswithalocalcharitytogive

damagedinstrumentsasecondlifeinherclassroom.

Theorchestraisaboutmuchmorethanjustmakingmusic.Themostimportantistogive

studentsachancetodeveloptheircooperationskills,makemistakesandlearntheartof

refiningsomething.Raypushesherstudentstobebrave,gooutsidetheircomfortzoneand

realizetheyhavetolearnhowtomakebadsoundsbeforelearninghowtomakegood

sounds.Andtheyteachheralotinretum.^^Theychangedmyeducationalphilosophy.1

understandwhatittrulymeanstomeetastudentwherethey'reatandapplythatelsewhere,9,

shesaid.

Thewarmreceptionontheceremonywasmeaningful.Actually,notmanypeople

試卷第2頁，共10頁

understandwhatexactlymusiceducatorsdoorhowmuchtheirworkmatters.Whileher

administrationissupportive,thatlackofunderstandingisaproblemfacingtheprofessionin

general.Anotherisresources.Shesaysherschool"desperately“needsnewinstruments.She

willusesomeofherprizemoneytobuymore.

Rayalsoplanstoputsomeofthemoneytowardsanongoingscholarshipforstudents

whowanttopursuemusicwhentheygraduate.Sheknowsofseveral,thoseparticularly

interestedinmusic,andaimstoofferfinancialsupportneededtorealizetheirmusicaldreams^^

Itishardbuttrulysatisfying,Raysaid."Andthere9snothingelselikeitforthem.^^

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutRayfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Shehostedtheawardceremony.B.Shebroughtmusictomorepeople.

C.Shegaveawayinstrumentstothepoor.D.Shefoundedalocalcharityforchildren.

5.Whatdostudentsbenefitmostfromtheorchestra?

A.Theyacquirein-depthmusicalknowledge.B.Theymakefriendswiththelike-minded.

C.Theygainpersonalgrowthfromplayingmusic.D.Theyimprovetheirconnections

witheducators.

6.Whatisparagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Thereceptionontheceremony.B.Importanceofmusiceducation.

C.Challengesformusiceducators.D.Planstoobtainresources.

7.WhatdoesRayfindsatisfyingaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Winningascholarship.B.Developinginterestinmusic.

C.Makingmusicalachievements.D.Transformingdreamsintoreality.

C

AnancientLatinproverbsays“Aquilanoncapitmuscas^^-eaglesdon'thunt

flies-meaningthatimportantonesshouldn'tconcernthemselveswithsmall,insignificant

matters.ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcernthemselveswiththeseemingly

insignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheirlifestyles.

Thestorystartswiththeacaciatrees（金合歡樹）inanAfricanwildlifeareaincentral

KenyaSomeoftheseacaciatreesprovidefoodandshelterforspecificantspecies,whichin

turndefendthetreeagainstherbivores（食草動(dòng)物）.Theantsareactivelyattackinganddriving

awayherbivoresthatattempttofeedonthetree'sleavesThisishighlyeffective;theantsnot

onlyphysicallyharmtheherbivoresbutalsoreleasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotential

attackers.

Buttheseantsareintrouble.Anotherspeciescalledthe"big-headed“antisdestroying

entiregroupsoftree-protectingants.This,inturn,setsoffanentirechainofeventsthatends

upinfluencingwhenandhowlionscanhunt.

Thisantinvasion（入侵）affectsonethingaftertheother.ltleavestheacaciatrees

defenselessagainstherbivoresespeciallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeattheacacias

atfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingforfood,

havenomoretreestouseforhiding.Thisreducedtreecovermakeslionslesssuccessfulat

huntingandpushesthemtofinddifferentareastohuntin.

“ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfricanecosystemtogether,

determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,?,saidToddPalmer,anecologistfromFlorida.

Thelions,whicharealreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolonger

focusingtheirattentiononzebras.Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetteronthe

approachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.Butthisalsoisn't

theendofthestory.Whoknowswhatthelions'changingstrategywillmeanforthe

ecosystemdowntheline?

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deter“inparagraph2mean?

A.Direct.B.Discourage.C.Identify.D.Seek.

9.Whatroledotheelephantsplayinthechainreaction?

A.Cooperatingwith"big-headed"ants.B.Damagingthehidingplaceforlions.

C.Protectingtheacaciasfromherbivores.D.Startingoffthedisturbanceofthechain.

10.Theauthormentionslions,zebrasandwaterbuffalotoshowthat.

A.animalsfallvictimtobiggeronesB.theecologyisontheroadtorecovery

C.animalsarecorelatedintheecosystemD.speciesarefirmlypositionedinthefood

chain

11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Whatecologistsfindaboutanimals.B.WhyAfricanlionsareendangered.

C.Howtinyantsaffectthewaylionshunt.D.Howthelawofthejungleworksin

Africa.

Ataconferencelastweek,Ireceivedaninterestingpieceofadvice:"Assumeyouare

試卷第4頁，共10頁

wrong.^^TheadvicecamefromBrianNosek,afellowpsychologyprofessor.Hewasn't

objectingtoanyparticularclaimI'dmade——hewasofferingastrategyforpursuingbetter

science,andforencouragingotherstodothesame.

TounderstandthecontextforNosek'sadvice,weneedtotakeastepback-tothe

natureofscienceitself.Despitewhatmanyofuslearnedinelementaryschool,thereisno

singlescientificmethod.Justasscientifictheorieschange,sodoscientificmethods.

Assumingyouarerightmightbeamotivatingforce,sustainingtheenormouseffortthat

conductingscientificworkrequires.Butitalsomakesiteasytointerpretcriticismsas

personalattacks,andforscientificargumentstodevelopintopersonalbattles.Beginning,

instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpful

pointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong-agoalthatyourcriticprobably

shares.

Nosek'sadvicemaysoundpessimistic,butifsnotsoforeigntoscience.Philosophersof

sciencesometimesrefertothe"'pessimisticmeta-induction(元?dú)w納)“onthehistoryof

science:Allofourpastscientifictheorieshavebeenwrong,sosurelyourcurrenttheorieswill

turnouttobewrong,too.Thatdoesn'tmeanwehaven'tmadeprogress,butitdoesindicate

thatthereisalwaysroomforimprovement-waystobelesswrong.

Iliketheadvicebecauseitbuildsinanawarenessofourlimitationsandareadinessto

accepttheunknown("therearethingsIdonotknow!")alongwithasensethatwecando

better("therearethingsIdonotknowyet!^^).Italsobuildsinasenseofcommunity——we're

allinthesameboatwhenitcomestofallingshortofgettingthingsright.Perhapsthefocus

onasharedgoal——ourgoalasscientistsandhumansofbeinglesswrong——canhelpmake

upforanyharminscientificmotivationorcommunication.

12.WhydidNoseksendtheadvice?

A.Toexpressopinionsaboutmyclaims.B.Toremindmetobeopentocriticism.

C.Toencouragemetotakeupscience.D.Tobettermyunderstandingof

psychology.

13.Howdoesassumingyouarewronghelp?

A.Itmotivatesscientiststomakeefforts.B.Itaddressespersonalattacksand

conflicts.

C.Itsetsaconstructiveimprovementgoal.D.Itcontributestoadeeperinsightinto

yourself.

14.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsciencetheories?

A.Dynamic.B.Testable.C.Pioneering.

D.Well-established.

15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.AccepttheUnknownB.AimtoBeLessWrong

C.GetEngagedinPsychologyD.DigintotheNatureofScience

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有

兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whenyouthinkofyourclosestfriends,whowillcometoyourmind?Perhapsyour

collegeroommatesortheneighboryouplayedwithasachild.Regardlessofhowyoumet

thesepeople,theymostlikelyhaveonekeythingincommon:16A2023study

foundthat,forthoseaged21to30,over80percentintheirsocialcircles,werebornwithin

fiveyearsofthem.Moreover,nearly63percentofadultshavenoclosefriends15yearsolder

oryoungerthanthem.

Spendingourtimewithsuchanarrowgroupofpeoplecanfuelagesegregationand

increaseourloneliness.Theselimitationsalsokeepusfromothergenerations9mindsetsand

potentiallysurprisingpointsofconnection.17Ofcourse,theonesthatareolder

mightofferabrieflookintothecomingyears.

Aprogramthatrunsschoolsoutofseniorcentershassaidalotaboutit.18

DawnCarr,asociologyprofessor,saidmostolderpeoplegetmuchfrompracticalhelp——with

newtechnology,forinstance-theiryoungerfriendsoffered.19Havingfunwith

someonedecadesyoungerdefinitelytakesofftheirpressureto“acttheirage”.

20Lila,aged75,wasproudthatherlifeexperiencespreparedhertogiveadvice

toheryoungfriendwithdepression,forwhichtheyoungwasgrateful.Also,olderfriends

offermoreexamplesofwhatgrowingupcanlooklike.Ifsomeone'sparentsaretheonly

olderpeopletheyknowwell,theymightfailtopictureotherpossibilities.Agreaterpoolof

olderfriendscanhelpyoungpeoplecreatetheirownblueprint.

A.Youbefriendthosewholivearound.

B.They5reallroughlythesameageasyou.

C.Othersmightfindjoyinexposuretonewideas.

試卷第6頁，共10頁

D.Broughtcloser,bothseemorethanonebenefit.

E.Youngerfriendscanbeareminderofpastselves.

F.Formingthesekindsoffriendshipisparticularlyhardtoday.

G.Indeed,intergenerationalrelationshipisneveraone-waystreet.

第三部分語言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以

填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Whenmyfatherwasateenager,hehadbeendeclaredaprodigy（天才）byhisartteacher.

He21tobecomeanartteacherandhadsome22ofhispaintings.Butwhen

mymothergotill,hiscreativelifeceased.

Irememberedmyfather^23forart.Oneday,Iaskedwhetherhewas

interestedindrawingacartoon.Myfatherwasnotmuchofa24.Whenlearningto

drive,Ihadaskedifitwasmoreimportantto25thecarsaheadorthosebehind.

“Both."Thenhewas26forthenextthreemiles.

Hegaveno27answertomyquery（詢問）.Iaskedagainthefollowingday.

Stillnoreal28.1ultimately29theidea.Iunderstoodhehadenoughonhis

platealready.Butaweeklater,Ireceivedanemailfrommyfather-witha（n）30I

downloadedthefileandtherewasthecartoonIhadaskedhimtodraw!

Webegantodrawcartoons.Theprocessofcreatinggavehim31.Ashebuilt

hisartmusclesbackup,histeenageself'senthusiasm32.

Heisnowpainting,drawingandtalkingsomuchIhaveto33I'mgettingacall

toescapehis34.IfheweretoaskmewhetherIwasprouderofthecartoonorofhim

turninghislifearound,Iwouldsay,"35

21.A.wentonB.agreedC.seemedD.happened

22.A.recordsB.copiesC.exhibitsD.celebrations

23.A.choiceB.lovec.skillD.idea

24.A.talkerB.teacherc.painterD.thinker

25.A.driveoffB.rushthroughc.lookintoD.concentrateon

26.A.carefulB.silentc.impatientD.polite

27.A.definiteB.relevantc.simpleD.clever

28.A.channelB.responseC.messageD.word

29.A.droppedB.failedC.forgotD.regretted

30.A.listB.presentC.budgetD.attachment

31.A.freedomB.safetyC.purposeD.trust

32.A.grewB.returnedC.appearedD.mixed

33.A.pretendB.stateC.jokeD.mention

34.A.excitementB.disappointmentC.embarrassmentD.amusement

35.A.MyselfB.YouC.NeitherD.Both

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

ChineseLoongisthefifthanimalofthe12-yearChinesezodiaccycle,36

(consider)tobemythicalandsymbolicoffortune.Recently,salesofthingswithdragon

elementshavewitnessedexplosivegrowthone-commerceplatforms.

Datafromane-commerceplatformshowthatsearches37dragon-relatedgoods

viaitsonlinemarketplacehavereached23million.38issaidthatsinceJanuary,

goodswithdragon-themedelements,suchasdailynecessities,alcoholandgoldjewelry,___

39(prefer)byconsumers.Thepurchasingexcitementisexpectedto40(huge)boost

consumerconfidenceandimprovetherecoveryofconsumption.

Purchasesbythepost-1990sandpost-2000sgenerationsaccountedfornearly55%,

whileconsumersinGuangdongprovince,Beijing,Jiangsuprovinceinthatorder,41

(be)thetopthreespendersondragon-featureditems.Becausethedragonisanimportant

symbolofChinesetraditionalculture42goodluck,Chineseconsumersare

expressingtheirhopesfor43betterlifeinthenewyear.

“BrandsshouldcapitalizeontraditionalChineseculturetolaunchmoreinnovative___

44(product)；'aresearchfellowsaid,45(stress)thatSpringFestivalisthe

traditionalfestivalChinesepeopleattachthemostimportanceto,andifsalsoapeakseason

forconsumption.

第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)

第一節(jié)(滿分15分)

46.假定你是李華，你校今年開設(shè)了蔬菜栽培、傳統(tǒng)工藝(handcraft)等實(shí)踐課程。請

試卷第8頁，共10頁

你給外國好友John寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括:

1.你的參與情況；

2.你的體會(huì)。

注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。

DearJohn,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）

47.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Ibeggedmymomtoletmemakecookiesbymyself.EventhoughIhadneverattempted

bakingbefore,IwasnineyearsoldandmyfriendEmmiehadbeenbakingcupcakesby

herselfforayear.IwasdeterminedtoprovethatIcouldmakeit.

Mybrother,Caleb,laughedattheideaofmecookingalone,callingitadisaster.Having

abigbrothercanbeannoying.Despitehislaughing,mymomagreedtoletmetry.She

remindedmetotakemytimeandbecarefulbecauseI'dhadsomemessyspillsbeforeIwas

nine.

Iracedtothekitchenandwenttowork.Icrackedeggsandputacoldstickofbutterinto

thebowl.Iturnedonthemixeratmediumspeed——andwhoa.Whoa.Whoa!Whatadisaster!

Ihadtowipebutteroffmyface,thenoffthetableandfloor.

Calebmadefunofmeagain,callingmeamess.Ichasedhimawaywithaspoonand

turnedbacktothemixingbowl.Istartedagainwithsofterbutter.Referringtotherecipe,I

pouredeverythingneededintothebowlandmixedit.Afterthat,Iputroundbatter（面糊）

ontothecookiesheetandputitintotheoven（烤箱）.Withinaminute,afantasticsmellfilled

thekitchen——thesmellofcookiesuccess!

IwasgoingtoprovethatIwasresponsible.Nomoreeye-rollingfrommybrother.No

more"You'retooyoung^^frommyparents.Iwasgrownupandincontrol.

Istaredintotheoven,andmyheartsank.Theneat,littleballshadmelted（融化）and

overflowedtotheedgesofthecookiesheet.IpulledthepanoutjustasCalebwanderedback

intothekitchen.

“Whatintheworld?”Hestartedtolaugh."'Cookiesoup?”

“Youjustbequiet,“Iwhispered,tryingnottocry."Justleavemealone.^^

“How'sitgoinginthere?^^Dadcalledfromthelivingroom.

Calebraisedhiseyebrowsandbithislip.Irespondedthateverythingwasfine,pouring

themeltedbatterintothebowlquickly.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Paragraph1:1pickedupthedirections,wonderingwhathadgonewrong.

Paragraph2:Ibroughtaplateofcookiesintothelivingroomformyparents.

試卷第10頁，共10頁

1.A2.C3.D

【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一個(gè)數(shù)字藝術(shù)展覽的相關(guān)信息。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ExploresomeofthemostbreathtakingpaintingsbyClaude

Monetwiththehelpofadigital360-degreepresentation」在數(shù)字360度演示的幫助下，探索克

勞德?莫奈的一些最令人驚嘆的畫作。）”可知，這個(gè)展覽通過數(shù)字科技幫助游客探索莫奈的畫

作。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“TofullygetintotheworldoftheFrenchpainter,visitorsare

guidedthroughthreeexperiencerooms.Eachroomisahighlightonitsownandprovidesvisitors

notonlywithaninsight,butalsowithnewexperiencesandnewviewpointsonMonefslife,his

workandhismasterpieces.（為了充分進(jìn)入這位法國畫家的世界，游客們被引導(dǎo)到三個(gè)體驗(yàn)室。

每個(gè)房間都是自己的亮點(diǎn)，不僅為游客提供了洞察力，而且還為莫奈的生活，他的工作和他

的杰作提供了新的體驗(yàn)和新的觀點(diǎn)。）''可知，游客們在三個(gè)體驗(yàn)室可以體驗(yàn)一次獨(dú)特的莫奈

世界之旅。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Practicalinfo部分的“Date:firomMarch2024（日期：2024年3月起）”

和"Openinghours:Wednesday,Thursday:10:00am-7:00pm,Friday:10:00am-8:00pm,

Saturday:9:00am-8:00pm,Sunday:9:00am-7:00pm,MondayandTuesday:Closed（開放時(shí)

間：周三，周四：上午10點(diǎn)至下午7點(diǎn)，周五：上午10點(diǎn)至晚上8點(diǎn)，周六：上午9點(diǎn)至

晚上8點(diǎn)，周日：上午9點(diǎn)至晚上7點(diǎn)，周一和周二：關(guān)閉）”可知，推薦的游覽時(shí)間是4月

7日，星期天下午4點(diǎn)。故選D。

4.B5.C6.C7.D

【導(dǎo)語】

本文是記敘文。本文講述音樂教育工作者Ray把音樂帶給更多的人，并因此獲得了音樂教

育工作者獎(jiǎng)。

4.

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Shewasrecognizedforhereffortstomakemusicaccessibletoall

students,particularlythosewithdisabilities.（她因努力讓所有學(xué)生，特別是殘疾學(xué)生都能接觸到

音樂而受到認(rèn)可）”和第二段的“RaycreatedtheCrescendoOrchestraforstudentswithsevere

答案第1頁，共11頁

intellectualanddevelopmentaldisabilities,aswellasaparentorchestrathatteachesnearly200

caregiversayeartoplaythesameinstrumentastheirchild.（雷為有嚴(yán)重智力和發(fā)育障礙的學(xué)生

創(chuàng)建了Crescendo管弦樂隊(duì)，同時(shí)還成立了一個(gè)家長管弦樂隊(duì)，每年教近200名照顧者和他

們的孩子演奏同樣的樂器）”可知，她把音樂帶給了更多人。故選B。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理角星題。根據(jù)第三段的"Themostimportantistogivestudentsachancetodeveloptheir

cooperationskills,makemistakesandlearntheartofrefiningsomething.Raypushesherstudents

tobebrave,gooutsidetheircomfortzoneandrealizetheyhavetolearnhowtomakebadsounds

beforelearninghowtomakegoodsounds.（最重要的是給學(xué)生一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)來發(fā)展他們的合作技

能，犯錯(cuò)誤和學(xué)習(xí)改進(jìn)的藝術(shù)。雷鼓勵(lì)她的學(xué)生要勇敢，走出他們的舒適區(qū)，并意識(shí)到在學(xué)

習(xí)如何發(fā)出好聲音之前，他們必須先學(xué)會(huì)如何發(fā)出壞聲音。）”可知，學(xué)生從彈奏音樂中獲得

最大的益處是個(gè)人成長。故選C。

6.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容“Actually,notmanypeopleunderstandwhatexactlymusic

educatorsdoorhowmuchtheirworkmatters.Whileheradministrationissupportive,thatlackof

understandingisaproblemfacingtheprofessioningeneral.Anotherisresources.Shesaysher

school"desperately“needsnewinstruments.Shewillusesomeofherprizemoneytobuy

more.（實(shí)際上，沒有多少人真正了解音樂教育者到底是做什么的，也沒有多少人了解他們

的工作有多重要。雖然她的政府是支持的，但缺乏理解是整個(gè)行業(yè)面臨的一個(gè)問題。另一個(gè)

是資源。她說，她的學(xué)校“迫切”需要新的儀器。她會(huì)用一些獎(jiǎng)金買更多的東西）”可知，本段

主要講述了音樂教育工作者面臨的困難。故選C。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段的"Sheknowsofseveral,thoseparticularlyinterestedinmusic,

andaimstoofferfinancialsupportneededtorealizetheirmusicaldreams.5,Itishardbuttruly

satisfying,Raysaid."Andthere'snothingelselikeitforthem."（她認(rèn)識(shí)幾個(gè)對音樂特別感興趣

的人，她的目標(biāo)是為他們提供實(shí)現(xiàn)音樂夢想所需的經(jīng)濟(jì)支持。“這很難，但確實(shí)令人滿意，”

雷說?！皩λ麄儊碚f，沒有什么比這更好的了。“廠可知，令雷滿意的事幫助對音樂特別感興

趣的人實(shí)現(xiàn)音樂夢想。故選D。

8.B9.B10.C11.C

【導(dǎo)語】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了小螞蟻如何影響?yīng){子的捕獵方式。

8.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Theantsareactivelyattackinganddrivingawayherbivoresthat

答案第2頁，共11頁

attempttofeedonthetree'sleaves.Thisishighlyeffective;theantsnotonlyphysicallyharmthe

herbivores（螞蟻正在積極攻擊并趕走試圖以樹葉為食的食草動(dòng)物。這是非常有效的；螞蟻不

僅在身體上傷害食草動(dòng)物）”可知，螞蟻對合歡樹具有保護(hù)作用。由此猜測“butalso

releasechemicalsthatcandeterotherpotentialattackers.“意為"螞蟻還釋放出可以阻止其他潛

在攻擊者的化學(xué)物質(zhì)“，即deter意為“阻止”，與discourage同義。故選B。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thisantinvasion（入侵）affectsonethingaftertheother.ltleaves

theacaciatreesdefenselessagainstherbivoresespeciallyelephants.Theelephantscomeinandeat

theacaciasatfivetoseventimestherateobservedinuninvadedareas.Thelions,whilehuntingfor

food,havenomoretreestouseforhiding.（螞蟻的入侵影響了一件又一件事。這使得金合歡樹

無法抵御食草動(dòng)物，尤其是大象。大象吃金合歡的速度是未被入侵地區(qū)的5到7倍。獅子在

尋找食物的時(shí)候，沒有更多的樹可以用來躲藏。）”可知，在食物鏈中大象破壞獅子的藏身之

處。故選B。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段""ThesetinyinvadersarepullingonthetiesthatputanAfrican

ecosystemtogether,determiningwhoiseatenandwhere,“saidToddPalmer,anecologistfrom

Florida.（來自佛羅里達(dá)州的生態(tài)學(xué)家托德?帕爾默（ToddPalmer）說:“這些微小的入侵者正在拉

動(dòng)非洲生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的紐帶，決定誰被吃掉，在哪里被吃掉。和最后一段“Thelions,whichare

alreadyendangered,aremanagingtocopewiththisbynolongerfocusingtheirattentiononzebras.

Thezebras,ofcourse,canseethemmuchbetterontheapproachgiventhelackofcover.Instead,

theyaretargetingwaterbuffalo.（已經(jīng)瀕臨滅絕的獅子正在設(shè)法解決這個(gè)問題，不再把注意力

集中在斑馬身上。斑馬，當(dāng)然，可以更好地看到它們靠近，因?yàn)槿狈ρ谧o(hù)。相反，它們的目

標(biāo)是水牛。）”可知，螞蟻的入侵導(dǎo)致金合歡樹大量被吃，使得獅子在狩獵時(shí)失去掩護(hù)，這導(dǎo)

致以斑馬為主食的獅子轉(zhuǎn)而獵殺水牛。由此推知，作者提到獅子、斑馬和水牛是為了說明動(dòng)

物在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。故選C。

11.

主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章第一段“ButthelionsinEastAfricashouldconcern

themselveswiththeseeminglyinsignificantants,becausetheseantsarechangingtheir

lifestyles.（但是東非的獅子應(yīng)該關(guān)注這些看起來微不足道的螞蟻，因?yàn)檫@些螞蟻正在改變它

們的生活方式。）”可知，文章主要介紹了小螞蟻如何影響?yīng){子的捕獵方式。故選C。

12.B13.C14.A15.B

答案第3頁，共n頁

【導(dǎo)語】

本文是一篇議論文，主要講述了作者對在科學(xué)研究中“假設(shè)你是錯(cuò)的”這條建議的看法，并肯

定了它所帶來的好處。

12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Hewasn'tobjectingtoanyparticularclaimI'dmade-hewas

offeringastrategyforpursuingbetterscience,andforencouragingotherstodothesame.（他并沒

有反對我的任何特定主張——他提出了一個(gè)追求更好科學(xué)的策略，并鼓勵(lì)其他人也這樣做。廣

和第三段中的“Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,acriticismiseasiertobe

viewedasahelpfulpointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobelesswrong-agoalthatyour

criticprobablyshares.（相反，從你錯(cuò)了的假設(shè)開始，批評更容易被視為一個(gè)有用的提示，一

個(gè)如何減少錯(cuò)誤的建設(shè)性建議——這是你的批評者可能也有的同樣目標(biāo)戶可知，Nosek提出

的這條建議是一個(gè)追求更好科學(xué)的策略，從假設(shè)自己錯(cuò)了開始，就會(huì)更容易接受批評，讓自

己減少錯(cuò)誤，由此可推測出，Nosek提出這條建議是為了提醒作者對批評持開放態(tài)度。故選

Bo

13.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第三段中的"Beginning,instead,fromtheassumptionyouarewrong,a

criticismiseasiertobeviewedasahelpfulpointer,aconstructivesuggestionforhowtobeless

wrong-agoalthatyourcriticprobablyshares.（相反，從你錯(cuò)了的假設(shè)開始，批評更容易被視

為一個(gè)有用的提示，一個(gè)如何減少錯(cuò)誤的建設(shè)性建議——這是你的批評者可能也有的同樣目

標(biāo)）”可知，假設(shè)你錯(cuò)了可以幫助你獲得如何減少錯(cuò)誤的建設(shè)性建議，而減少錯(cuò)誤或許是你和

你的批評者的共同目標(biāo)，由此可推測出，假設(shè)你錯(cuò)了可以幫助設(shè)立一個(gè)建設(shè)性的改進(jìn)目標(biāo)。

故選C。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Justasscientifictheorieschange,sodoscientificmethods.（IE

如科學(xué)理論在變化，科學(xué)方法也在變化）”可知，作者認(rèn)為科學(xué)理論是變化的、動(dòng)態(tài)的。故選

Ao

15.標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第一句"Ataconferencelastweek,Ireceivedan

interestingpieceofadvice:"Assumeyouarewrong.’（在上周的一次會(huì)議上，我收到了一條有趣

的建議：'假設(shè)你錯(cuò)了。和最后一段最后一句"Perhapsthefocusonasharedgoal-ourgoalas

scientistsandhumansofbeinglesswrong-canhelpmakeupforanyharminscient