專題三三大從句和特殊句式第二講定語從句Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2023·全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings，Beijingisalsoaplacewhich/thatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife，with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.解析：考查定語從句。句中先行詞為“aplace”，空處關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。2．(2023·全國甲卷)TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica，wherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings.解析：考查定語從句。句中先行詞為town，空處關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。3．(2023·全國甲卷)Fables(寓言)werepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop'sfablesdatetothesixthcentury, B．C．Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,asRachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”解析：考查定語從句。關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，且有“正如”之意，用關(guān)系代詞as。故填as。4．(2023·北京卷)Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,wherethousandswereattendingawaterconference.解析：考查定語從句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥結(jié)束了長達(dá)一年的系列跑步活動，數(shù)千人在那里參加了一個水會議。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞Chicago，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故填where。5．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.解析：考查定語從句。此處that引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為thespecies，被all修飾，關(guān)系代詞只能用that不用which。故填that。6．(2022·全國甲卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,wholosthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞CaoShengkang。該定語從句缺少主語，且先行詞指人，應(yīng)用who來引導(dǎo)該定語從句。故填who。7．(2022·浙江卷)KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicsthat/whoarecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.解析：考查定語從句。句意：亞特蘭大佐治亞科技研究院的教授KimCobb是一個少數(shù)但是不斷增加的少數(shù)學(xué)者中的一員，因為氣候變化，他們正在削減他們的飛機旅行。名詞academics后為定語從句且空處關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填that/who。8．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompanywhich/thatusedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.解析：考查定語從句。句意：我決定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就給它發(fā)郵件，敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，usedalotofplastic是一個定語從句，修飾先行詞acompany，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，用which或that引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which/that。9．(2021·天津卷)WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfromwhichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.解析：考查定語從句。句意：WilliamHastie曾經(jīng)說過，歷史會告訴我們過去的錯誤，從過去的錯誤中我們可以吸取教訓(xùn)而不重蹈覆轍。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞為pastmistakes，指物。此處定語從句由from＋which組成的“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)。故填which。10．(2021·浙江1月卷)BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtoolthat/whichgivesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后是定語從句，tool是先行詞，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。故填that/which。11．(2021·天津3月卷)AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.解析：考查定語從句。句意：在中國藝術(shù)節(jié)上有不同的展臺，在那里藝術(shù)家可以展示他們的技巧并教給參觀者。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，先行詞是stands，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)。故填where。12．(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.解析：考查定語從句。此處為定語從句，修飾先行詞artist，且空處關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。13．(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhich/thatopenedin1759.解析：考查定語從句。此處是限制性定語從句，先行詞是theBritishMuseum，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that。14．(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Thankyouforyourletter，whichreallymademehappy.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子，逗號后的從句為非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞yourletter，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物。故填which。15．(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Understandinghergoodintentions，IeatallthefoodthatisprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.解析：考查定語從句。food后是定語從句，先行詞是allthefood，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，先行詞又被all所修飾。故填that。16．(北京卷)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources(資源)．解析：考查定語從句。aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，且空格處在從句中作主語，指代人。故填who。17．(天津卷)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是thestage，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where，相當(dāng)于inwhich。故填where。18．(全國Ⅲ卷)Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthat/whichiscreatedforthem.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，先行詞為environment，指物。故填that/which。19．(全國Ⅰ卷)OneafternoonwhenIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.解析：考查定語從句。先行詞為Oneafternoon，且關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作時間狀語。故填when。20．(全國Ⅱ卷)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramthat/whichgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.解析：考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，空處關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，修飾asoil-testingprogram，先行詞表示物。故填that/which。21．(浙江卷)Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.解析：考查定語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞指人，空處關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故用who/that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填who/that。22．(江蘇卷)Self-drivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.解析：考查定語從句。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾先行詞anarea。將先行詞代入定語從句后為Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartinglineinthearea，由此可知，關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語。故填where。23．(全國Ⅲ卷)ButSarah，whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是Sarah，指人，空處關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。故填who。24．(全國Ⅲ卷)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingsthat/whichwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，things是其后定語從句的先行詞，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。故填that/which。Ⅱ.語法填空定語從句專練Therewasatime1.whenIwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2.whymyfatherforcedmetojoinina30-daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub，3.whereImetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguide，4.whoseteacherwasYuMinhong，communicatedwithmefacetoface.He，from5.whomIgainedsomeusefulinstructions，alsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6.that/whichwedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide，7.whoencouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8.whichIputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep，Irecallthepassages，through9.whichIcanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.AsourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者參加英語俱樂部的難忘經(jīng)歷。在那里作者遇到了一位好老師，那位老師使作者對英語學(xué)習(xí)產(chǎn)生了興趣，同時作者還養(yǎng)成了學(xué)習(xí)英語的好習(xí)慣。解析：1．考查定語從句。先行詞是時間time，定語從句中不缺主語、賓語或表語。故填when。2．考查定語從句。先行詞是原因reason，定語從句中不缺主語或賓語。故填why。3．考查定語從句。先行詞是地點club，定語從句不缺主語或賓語。故填where。4．考查定語從句。先行詞是guide，空格后面的teacher與其構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系。故填whose。5．考查定語從句。此處為非限制性定語從句，結(jié)合句意及空前的介詞from可知用whom。故填whom。6．考查定語從句。定語從句中用關(guān)系詞指代先行詞activities，并在定語從句中作賓語。故填that/which。7．考查定語從句。非限制性定語從句中用關(guān)系詞指代先行詞myfatherandtheguide，指人，并在定語從句中作主語。故填who。8．考查定語從句。非限制性定語從句中用關(guān)系詞指代先行詞English，并在定語從句中作介詞into的賓語。故填which。9．考查定語從句。非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的名詞passages。故填which。10．考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語境可知，此為非限制性定語從句且關(guān)系詞指代后面的句子“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”因此要用as引導(dǎo)定語從句，意為“正如”。故填A(yù)s