中考英語(yǔ)一輪專題復(fù)習(xí)

名詞人教新目標(biāo)版命題趨勢(shì)+中考考察重點(diǎn)命題趨勢(shì)名詞是用來(lái)表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)、現(xiàn)象及其他抽象概念等名詞的詞。名詞在英語(yǔ)詞匯中占有較大的比例，歷年中考試題都要涉及，而且題目數(shù)量逐年增多，難度逐漸加大?？键c(diǎn)常分布在單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空中。近幾年的中考在淡化語(yǔ)法的同時(shí)，突出了語(yǔ)言的交際性和實(shí)用性，試題的綜合性也越來(lái)越強(qiáng)，中考熱點(diǎn)主要是不可數(shù)名詞、可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)以及名詞和其他詞類（如冠詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞等）組成的固定短語(yǔ)，還包括具體情境名詞詞義辨析等。中考考察重點(diǎn)1.掌握可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。2.掌握可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式（規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化）3.掌握名詞所有格。4.掌握名詞作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)的用法。Presentation考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例考向一：可數(shù)名詞一、可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞

mapbagbookboy

babycity

buswatchwishbox(特例：stomach)

photopianozooradio

heropotatotomato

shelfthiefknifeleaf一般情況加-smapsbagsbooksboys以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞去y，再加-iesbabiescities以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的詞以“s,x,sh,ch”等結(jié)尾的詞加-esbuseswatcheswishesboxesstomachs表示無(wú)生命的詞，加-s表示有生命的詞，加-esphotospianoszoosradiosheroespotatoestomatoes巧學(xué)妙用黑人英雄愛(ài)吃土豆西紅柿以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞大多數(shù)變f或fe為ve,再加-sshelvesthievesknivesleaves考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Weseesome______risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.A.balloonsB.balloonC.ballones由空前的some可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，balloon的復(fù)數(shù)為balloons,故選AA2.Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant_____inChina,isfamousfortheYellowCraneTower.A.citiesB.citysC.city“oneof+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)“結(jié)構(gòu)意為“最...的...之一”，由此可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式cities.注意詞尾y的變化。A3.-CanIhelpyou,Madam?-Yes._______,please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsocksocks短襪，常以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn)。一雙短襪apairofsocks兩雙twopairsofsocks.B考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Weseesome______risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.A.balloonsB.balloonC.ballones由空前的some可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，balloon的復(fù)數(shù)為balloons,故選AA2.Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant_____inChina,isfamousfortheYellowCraneTower.A.citiesB.citysC.city“oneof+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)“結(jié)構(gòu)意為“最...的...之一”，由此可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式cities.注意詞尾y的變化。A3.-CanIhelpyou,Madam?-Yes._______,please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsocksocks短襪，常以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn)。一雙短襪apairofsocks兩雙twopairsofsocks.B考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Weseesome______risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.A.balloonsB.balloonC.ballones由空前的some可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，balloon的復(fù)數(shù)為balloons,故選AA2.Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant_____inChina,isfamousfortheYellowCraneTower.A.citiesB.citysC.city“oneof+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)“結(jié)構(gòu)意為“最...的...之一”，由此可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式cities.注意詞尾y的變化。A3.-CanIhelpyou,Madam?-Yes._______,please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.Twopairsofsocksocks短襪，常以復(fù)數(shù)出現(xiàn)。一雙短襪apairofsocks兩雙twopairsofsocks.B考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例二、可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化巧學(xué)妙用構(gòu)成方法例詞

womanfoottooth

sheepdeer

mousechild

EnglishmanFrenchman

GermanRomanAmericanCanadian改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母womenfeetteeth單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheepdeer只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousersglassesclothespantsjeans特殊變化micechildren表示“某國(guó)人”的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形ChineseJapanese變?cè)~尾的man變men詞尾加-s中日不變，英法變，其他后面加-sEnglishmenFrenchmenGermansRomansAmericansCanadiansPairwork考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.-Iheartherearethreeforeignersinmyclass.-Yes.Oneisa________;theothertwoare______.A.Japan;GermanyB.Japanese;GermanC.Japanese;GermansD.Japanese;Germen第一個(gè)橫線前有a后用名詞單數(shù)；后面主語(yǔ)有two后用復(fù)數(shù)，German復(fù)數(shù)Germans.2.UncleLihasafarm.Therearesome______onthefarm.A.chikcenandsheepB.chickensandsheepsC.chickensandsheepD.chickenandsheeps

some修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。chicken意為“雞”時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為chickens,而sheep單復(fù)數(shù)同形。CC考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例三、集合名詞的用法1.是由若干格個(gè)體組成的集合體，例如：family,team,guoupclass等，它們以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。a.強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)集合的整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。eg:Myfamilyisahappyone.我的家人正在看電視。b.強(qiáng)調(diào)其中的每個(gè)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。eg:MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人正在看電視。2.通常只用作復(fù)數(shù)。Thepolicearesearchingforthecriminal.警察正在搜捕那個(gè)罪犯。若表達(dá)單數(shù)意義，則使用其他名詞。aperson一個(gè)人somepersons/people一些人apoliceman一名警察考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例四、不可數(shù)名詞的量化表達(dá)1.表示不定數(shù)量時(shí)，一般用”some,much,alittle,alotof,lotsof,plentyof+不可數(shù)名詞“來(lái)表示。somewater一些水a(chǎn)littlemilk一點(diǎn)兒牛奶2.表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，一般用“數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于1，后面的量詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。apieceofbread一片面包twoglassesofwater兩杯水threebagsofrice三袋大米注意alotof,lotsof,some,plentyof等既能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞。典例考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例1.-Wouldyoulikesomedrinks,boys?-Yes,______,please.A.someorangesB.twoboxesofchocolatesC.somecakesD.twobottlesoforangeDdrinks是飲料而不是事物的意思。先排除B,C.orange當(dāng)“橘子”講是可數(shù)名詞，有復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)“橘子汁”講是不可數(shù)名詞，要和數(shù)量詞放在一起用，所以排除A，選D。2.-CouldIhavesometingtoeat?-Sure.Here’ssome______.A.chickenB.tomatoesC.orangeA句意：我可以吃點(diǎn)東西嗎？當(dāng)然，這有一些雞肉。題干中的系動(dòng)詞是“is”,故應(yīng)把B排除，C選項(xiàng)”orange”在此處應(yīng)譯成“橘汁”，不屬于吃的東西，故選A?？枷蛑R(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例五名詞所有格類別構(gòu)成方法舉例

‘s所有格

of所有格

雙重所有格

一般在詞尾加“-s”theboy’sbag表示兩人或兩人以上共同擁有某物/人時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)人后加“‘s”;表示各自所有時(shí)，在每個(gè)人后面加“’s”Kate’sandMary’sroomsKateandMary’sroom“’s”可表示店鋪或某人的家，其后的名詞一般可省略。atthedoctor’satLiLei’s表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等無(wú)生命的事物的名詞，也可加”’s”或“’”來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。twodays’holiday以s,es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞在詞尾加“‘”Teachers’Day用“名詞+of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。thetitleofthesong雙重所有格的兩種形式：of+‘s;of+名詞性物主代詞afriendofmysister’safriendofmine考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Lookatthebigandcleanroom.It’s_____.A.Lucy’sandLily’sB.LucyandLily’sC.Licy’sandLilyBLucy’sandLily’s指兩人各自擁有的東西；LucyandLily’s指兩人共有的東西。根據(jù)上句的room可知，只有一個(gè)房間，故指的時(shí)露西和莉莉兩人共有的房間。2.ThemovienamdALittleRedFlowershows______lovefortheirchidlren.A.parentsB.parent’sC.parents’CParents意為“父母”，是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；parent’s是parent一詞但是形式所有格，表示”父親或母親的“；parents’是parent的復(fù)數(shù)形式所有格，表示”父母的“。由their可知本題選C。3.June1stis_______Day.A.ChildrenB.Children’sC.ChildD.Child’sB句意：六月一日是_______節(jié)。根據(jù)生活常識(shí)可推知是兒童節(jié)。表示“一類人的“應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式，child的復(fù)數(shù)是children,該詞復(fù)數(shù)不以s結(jié)尾，其所有格形式在其后加”’s”，既children’s.考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例六詞義辨析1.一詞多義詞語(yǔ)可數(shù)名詞意義不可數(shù)名詞意義chicken

glass

work

room

time

experience

fruit

food

paper

exercise

2.語(yǔ)境辯詞：運(yùn)用生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，知識(shí)積累，根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)出空格出所要表答的意思，從而選出正確選項(xiàng)。雞雞肉玻璃杯玻璃作品工作房間空間次數(shù)時(shí)間經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)各種水果水果各種食物食物試卷；論文紙練習(xí)鍛煉考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例名詞作定語(yǔ)1.名詞作定語(yǔ)，一般用單數(shù)形式computergames電腦游戲countrymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂(lè)2.個(gè)別名詞作定語(yǔ)，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothesstore服裝店sportsmeeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)3.man,woman作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，由單復(fù)數(shù)變化。amanteacher-twomenteachers復(fù)合名詞作定語(yǔ)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+連字符+名詞單數(shù)”，也可以用“數(shù)詞+名詞所有格”形式，如athree-dayholiday=threedays’holiday為期三天的假期。考向知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理+方法技巧+典例典例1.Three-fifthsoftheteachersinourschoolare______.A.manteachersB.menteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher2.Therearemany_______teachersinthisprimaryschool.A.womanB.woman’sC.womenD.women’s3.Thesubwaystationisabout_____walkfrommyhome.A.10minuteB.10-minutesC.10minutesD.10minutes’我們學(xué)校五分之三的老師是男老師。一般情況下，名詞復(fù)數(shù)只加在中心詞后面，但man,woman在作復(fù)數(shù)名詞的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要跟中心詞一起變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。B在這所小學(xué)里有許多女老師。man和woman在復(fù)數(shù)名詞前作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，隨后面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞一起變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。故選C。C復(fù)合名詞作定語(yǔ)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞+連字符+名詞單數(shù)”，也可以用“數(shù)詞+名詞所有格”形式D跟蹤訓(xùn)練1.Idon’tknowhowtomakeaspeechinpublic.Canyougivemesome_____?A.waterB.moneyC.foodD.advice2.-CanIhelpyou,Madam？-Yes.______,please.A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.TwopairsofsockD.Twopairofsocks3.-InChina,weuseredpaperforhongbaobecauseredmeansgoodluck.-That’sinterseting!IwanttoknowalltheChinese______.A.traditionsB.sentencesC.noticesD.problems.4.About200______wenttoseetheAsianFashionShowlastnight.A.GermanB.AustralianC.ChineseD.American5.Howmuch_____doweneedtomakeabananamilkshake?A.bananasB.applesC.coffeeD.milk6.Thearticlegivesstudentssome______abouthowtostaysafeonline.A.suggestionsB.activitesC.decisionsD.advantagesDA.BACD跟蹤訓(xùn)練7.-Keepquiet!Ineedcomplete______whenI’mworking.-Sorry,Dad.Iwon’tmakeanynoiseagain.A.trustB.silenceC.controlD.strength8.Duringtheepidemic(疫情），many_____inourcitywenttoHubeiProvinceasvolunteers.A.womandoctorB.womandoctorsC.womendoctorsC.womendoctor9.-Idon’tknowhowtousetheappFunDubbing.-AskKittyforhelp.Shehaslotsof_____indoingit.A.expressionB.expreimentC.examinationD.experience10.Youcanseethe_____inourfaceswhenwetalkaboutthegreatachievementsinthepast70years.A.doubtB.prideC.regretD.ability11.-Howdidyouputtogetherthemodelplanesoperfectly?-It’seasy.Ijustfollowedthe______.A.instructionsB.instrumentsC.interviewsD.inventionsBCDBA真題在線1.（2021.天津）-Whatwouldyoulikeforbreakfast?-I’dlike______.A.tomatonoodleB.tomatonoodlesC.tomatoesnoodlesD.tomatoesnoodels2.(2021.云南）Manyforeignerscametoourschoollastweek,includingthree______andfour______.A.German;AmericanB.Germans;AmericanC.Germans;AmericansD.German;Americans3.(2011.甘肅）Mrs.Greenisadoctor.Sheisafriendof_____.A.Mary’smother’sBMary’smother’sofC.Marymother’sD.mother’sofMary4.(2021.四川）Nobodythooughtitiseasytofinishsomuchworkin_______.A.twodays’timeB.two-daystimeC.twoday’stimeC.twodaystime5.(2021.青海）Mary,putonthe______tokeepyourhandswarm.A.glovesB.glassesC.socksD.jeans

BCAAASummary真題在線7.(2021.黑龍江）ThelandingofChina’srover(登陸車）ZhurongonMarsshowsChinahasmadegreat____inspaceexploration.A.progressB.projectC.productD.protection8.(2021.新疆）Weusedtobuythingsinthe______,butnowweusuallydoitonline.A.shopB.museumC.bankD.library9.(2021.江蘇）-HaveyoudecidedwhattowritesboutGulliverinLilliputinthereport?-I’mnotsure.MaybeIneedtoreadsome______aboutitbeforewritingA.reasonsB.rewardsC.resultsD.reviews10.(2021.四川）-What’syourfavorite______,John?-History.Itisveryinteresting.A.foodB.vegetableC.animalD.subjectAADDHomework真題在線11.(2021.貴州）-HowdoyouimproveyourEnglish_____?-IoftentalkwiththepersonwhosemotherlanguageisEnglish.A.populationB.transportatioinC.pronunicationD.suggestion12.(2020.貴州）OnFebruary25,PresidentXiJinpingannouncedthatChinahasmadea“complete____”initsfightagainstproverty(貧困）.A.victoryB.progressC.differenceD.improvement13.(2020.浙江溫州）-I’msadtohearthatYuanLongpingpassedaway.-SoamI.Welostahero.His______onhybrid(雜交）ricehelpedChinesepeoplesolvetheproblemofeating.A.surveyB.reportsC.researchesD.achievements14.(2020.山東濱州）-Whatisthe_____ofyourbeautifullEnglishhandwriting?-Practicemakesperfect!A.secretB.influenceC.choiceD.purpose15.(2020.重慶A卷）-Susan,wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat?-Yes,______please.A.somemilkB.someteaC.somecoffeeD.somebreadCADACD模擬測(cè)試1.Lucy’sfatherworksinNo.1Hospital.Heisa_______.A.teacherB.doctorC.postmanD.policeman.2.-Pleasethrowtherubbishinthebinsnexttime.-Oh,Iusuallydothat.Iwasjustina_____.A.hurryB.riskC.line3.-Mum,mustIbeateacherlikeyouwh