第1講名詞和數(shù)詞內(nèi)容索引010203情境導(dǎo)入考點(diǎn)解讀技法圖解情境導(dǎo)入BornonAugust23,1988inAmerica,Jeremy

Shu-HowLinisaprofessionalbasketballplayer①whowasontheHustonRocketsoftheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA).But,tosomedegree,manyChinesefans②andcoaches③takehimasaChineseguyoratleastarewillingtoimaginehimaChinesejustbecausehehasatypicalChinesefaceandhisparentswereborninChina.JeremyLinhasrecentlybecomea

success④andattractedtheworld’s⑤

attention,whichgivesChinesepeoplealotofimagination⑥andpride⑦.Asweknow,inmostpeople’seyes,Jeremyisamiracle.用法感悟1.根據(jù)①可知,player由詞根

+詞綴

構(gòu)成;

⑥imagination為名詞,其詞根為

;⑦pride為

詞,其對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞形式為proud。

2.根據(jù)②③可知,可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),一般情況下在詞尾加

;以-ch結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)在詞尾加

。

3.根據(jù)④可知,a

success意為“

”,這是抽象名詞的具體化。

4.根據(jù)⑤可知,名詞所有格一般在名詞詞尾加

。

play-erimagine名-s-es一個(gè)成功的人-’s考點(diǎn)解讀考點(diǎn)1名詞一、名詞的數(shù)(一)可數(shù)名詞1.規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smouth→mouthshouse→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglass→glassesmatch→matches以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加-escountry→countriesfactory→factories變化規(guī)則例詞以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加-sholiday→holidaysmonkey→monkeys以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-spiano→pianosphoto→photos有些在詞尾加-eshero→heroespotato→potatoes以f,fe結(jié)尾的名詞一般要變f或fe為v再加-esself→selveswolf→wolves少數(shù)直接加-sroof→roofsbelief→beliefs2.不規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)

變化規(guī)則例詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer,sheep,means,series,Chinese,Swiss,aircraft,spacecraft變內(nèi)部元音foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women(二)不可數(shù)名詞不可以用數(shù)目計(jì)算,多為物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞,沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的不可數(shù)名詞有:fun樂趣homework作業(yè)bread面包wealth財(cái)富progress進(jìn)步equipment設(shè)備room空間weather天氣work工作music音樂news新聞meat肉word消息traffic交通luck運(yùn)氣housework家務(wù)milk牛奶advice建議man人類orange橙汁knowledge知識(shí)furniture家具baggage/luggage行李information信息小題快練

單句語法填空1.(2023新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive

(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.

2.(2023全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewhichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural

(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

3.(2023浙江1月卷)ThankstoBeijing’slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoric

(event).

interviewswondersevents4.(2022新高考全國Ⅰ卷)TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate

(population)andhomesofgiantpandas.

5.(2021全國甲卷)Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand

(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.

populationswatchtowers二、名詞所有格

名詞所有格-’s所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有關(guān)系。(1)一般是名詞詞尾加-’s,如John’shome約翰的家;(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只在詞尾加-’,如students’textbooks學(xué)生們的課本;(3)詞尾不帶-(e)s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,仍加-’s,如children’sgame孩子們的游戲of所有格表示無生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系,如thetitleofthearticle文章的標(biāo)題;名詞短語或有定語修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格,如thenameofthegirloverthere那邊的那個(gè)女孩的名字名詞所有格雙重所有格雙重所有格的構(gòu)成為“名詞+of+-’s所有格”或“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名詞前可用a、any、some、afew、two、this、that、these、those等修飾,但一般不用the。如apictureofmymother’s我母親(擁有)的一張照片;thislittlecatofyoursister’s你妹妹的這只小貓小題快練

單句語法填空1.(2022新高考全國Ⅱ卷)“Hesavedmy

(son)life,”said

Mrs

Brown.“Idon’tknowhowtothankhim.”

2.(2021浙江1月卷)Itiscalculatedbydividinga

(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.

3.Hegoestoworkbycar.Hishouseistwo

(hour)drivefromhisofficeinthecity.

4.UnlikeoldergenerationswhomightfavorWesterncultureandbrands,Chineseyouthwerebornandraisedwhenthe

(country)economywastakingoff,sotheytendtohavestrongconfidenceintheirnationalidentityandculture.

son’sperson’shours’country’s三、常見名詞后綴

動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴例詞-alapprove贊成→approval贊成arrive到達(dá)→arrival到達(dá);到達(dá)者;抵達(dá)物survive幸存→survival幸存-ance/-enceappear出現(xiàn)→appearance出現(xiàn)exist存在→existence存在prefer較喜歡→preference偏愛-ion/-tion/-ationcompete競爭→competition比賽;競爭explain解釋→explanation解釋direct指揮;指導(dǎo)→direction方向;指導(dǎo)expect期待→expectation期待;期望動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴例詞-s(s)ionadmit承認(rèn)→admission承認(rèn);準(zhǔn)許加入decide決定→decision決定discuss討論→discussion討論-inghear聽→hearing聽力;聽覺listen聽→listening聽;聽力begin開始→beginning開始部分-mentachieve達(dá)到;完成→achievement成就develop發(fā)展→development發(fā)展argue爭論→argument爭論;論據(jù)動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴例詞-ure/-turefail失敗→failure失敗press壓;擠→pressure壓力

mix混合→mixture混合物-yrecover恢復(fù)→recovery恢復(fù);痊愈discover發(fā)現(xiàn)→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)其他變化vary相異;變化→variety多樣化;品種choose選擇→choice選擇grow生長→growth生長

marry結(jié)婚→marriage婚姻形容詞變名詞的后綴例詞-ageshort短的→shortage缺少;不足;短缺-cyfluent流利→fluency流利;流暢efficient效率高的→efficiency效率;效力;效能accurate準(zhǔn)確的→accuracy準(zhǔn)確(性)-domfree自由的→freedom自由wise明智的→wisdom智慧形容詞變名詞的后綴例詞-nessaware知道的;意識(shí)到的→awareness知道;意識(shí)dark黑的→darkness黑暗weak虛弱的→weakness虛弱-thwarm溫暖的→warmth溫暖true真的→truth真相strong強(qiáng)壯的→strength力量long長的→length長度-y/-ty/-itydifficult困難的→difficulty困難cruel殘忍的→cruelty殘忍responsible負(fù)責(zé)的→responsibility責(zé)任-ence/-ance/-nsedifferent不同的→difference不同(之處)

important重要的→importance重要(性)

silent沉默的;不說話的→silence寂靜小題快練

單句語法填空1.(2022浙江1月卷)Whentheanswerwasno,shedeclinedthe

(invite).2.(2022全國乙卷)Chinahasa

(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.

3.(2022全國甲卷)CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental

(protect).

4.(2021全國乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecomeeducatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe

(develop)ofthelocalareas.

5.(2021浙江6月卷)In1844theyboughtitfor$1,200andsomelandfromCharlesDresser,whoperformedtheir

(marry)ceremonyin1842.invitationresponsibilityprotectiondevelopmentmarriage考點(diǎn)2數(shù)詞數(shù)詞屬于高考試題中的冷考點(diǎn),主要涉及基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞的基本用法、序數(shù)詞前的修飾語以及由基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成的短語等。1.序數(shù)詞一般由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成。以-y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時(shí),先把y變?yōu)閕,再加-eth。如thetwentieth/fiftieth。不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞有以下幾個(gè):first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth。序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞the,但當(dāng)序數(shù)詞不表示順序而表示“又一”“再一”時(shí),要用不定冠詞。2.年齡、年代的表達(dá):①表達(dá)“在某人幾十多歲”用“inone’s+逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”;②表達(dá)“在幾十年代”用“inthe+逢十的基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”。3.基數(shù)詞dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示確切數(shù)目時(shí)不能加-s,其前可用數(shù)詞或several、some等修飾,此時(shí)其后通常不跟of;表示“數(shù)以百萬計(jì)”“數(shù)以千計(jì)”等籠統(tǒng)數(shù)目時(shí),要加-s,其前不能用數(shù)詞,其后可跟of。4.基數(shù)詞可與名詞等構(gòu)成合成形容詞,用連字符“-”連接,作前置定語,其中的名詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式,如afour-hourjourney。5.分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)法:分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。當(dāng)分子大于一時(shí),分母應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:two-sevenths七分之二。小題快練

單句語法填空1.(2023全國甲卷)Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,

andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe

(six)centuryB.C.2.I’vealwayslovedtheocean.Inth