秘籍01閱讀理解

目錄

閱讀理解

【高考預(yù)測(cè)】閱讀理解概率預(yù)測(cè)+題型預(yù)測(cè)+考向預(yù)測(cè)..............................................01

【思維導(dǎo)圖】閱讀理解考點(diǎn)考向思維導(dǎo)圖........................................................02

【應(yīng)試秘籍】閱讀理解常考點(diǎn)及應(yīng)對(duì)的策略......................................................02

【誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥】閱讀理解點(diǎn)撥常見的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)........................................................03

【搶分通關(guān)】閱讀理解押題新高考方向，講解通關(guān)策略（含新考法）...............................09

概率預(yù)測(cè)☆☆☆☆☆

題型預(yù)測(cè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測(cè)題

體裁：應(yīng)用文1篇、記敘文0-1篇、說明文1-3篇、議論文0-1篇

考向預(yù)測(cè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題7-8題、推理判斷題7-9題、主旨大意題1-2題、詞義猜測(cè)題1題

☆☆☆☆☆

細(xì)田速科跑

獨(dú)王里判斷是西

絕節(jié)連雁儂

一城王11手MJ斷是西

f己敘文

主■大總儂

I翔斑返解

出速判斷是西

―細(xì)廿3s解朝

璘日月五

主旨人育SS

詞義孑育測(cè)是西

主旨大言百

出理判斷是西

應(yīng)試秘籍

秘籍：高考意義閱讀弄清文體類型，可以把握文體結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作特征，快速、準(zhǔn)確地把握作者的寫作思路、理解

作者的寫作意圖。高考意義閱讀有應(yīng)用文、記敘文、說明文和議論文。記敘文又可細(xì)分為小說、新聞報(bào)道、人

物傳記等。

具體體裁結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

應(yīng)用文:如書信、廣告、日記等。文中具體細(xì)節(jié)題較多，閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)采取先題后文法。以提高答題速度和精準(zhǔn)

度。

記敘文:英語(yǔ)記敘文以描寫敘述為主，主要體現(xiàn)記敘文六要素。其主題往往隱藏在字里行間或結(jié)尾點(diǎn)題。閱讀

記敘文應(yīng)當(dāng)采取略讀和掃讀的方法，從整體上快速抓住文章描寫的主要內(nèi)容，把握作者的寫作意圖和情感線索。

說明文:英語(yǔ)說明文通常介紹最新科技發(fā)明、重大成就、流行現(xiàn)象等。總體結(jié)構(gòu)通常分為三部分，說明對(duì)象、

說明過程和歸納總結(jié)。閱讀時(shí)，首先要抓住文章說明的要點(diǎn)，即被說明對(duì)象的實(shí)質(zhì)性特征。

議論文:英語(yǔ)議論文由“論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論”三部分組成。借助某一現(xiàn)象引出論點(diǎn)，通過論據(jù)從各個(gè)層面加以

推理論證，最后得出結(jié)論。應(yīng)當(dāng)把握每一段的主題句。

誤區(qū)點(diǎn)撥

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題

秘籍：細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查對(duì)文章中某一特定句子的理解，解題時(shí)可以使用快速閱讀的方法，找到文章中對(duì)應(yīng)

的關(guān)鍵詞，然后再仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)的句子，理解其含義。

具體步驟如下：

第一步：采用先題后文法，先仔細(xì)審讀題干，標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞。

第二步：采用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞、同義詞甚至反義詞等方法，迅速在原文中查詢關(guān)鍵詞句，再精準(zhǔn)翻譯。

第三步：核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，注意細(xì)節(jié)是否有替換或曲解。

I—1

典例精講

（2024年九省聯(lián)考）

Oneposterfromtheexhibition-HenryWellge's"YellowstoneNationalPark”from1904—wasrecentlypurchased

withdonatedfundsandisnowpartofUWLibraries9EmmettD.ChisumSpecialCollections.Wellge,aproductive

bird's-eye-viewartist,designedthepiecefortheNorthernPacificRailroad,whichusedittoadvertisethepark.Thisis

auniquepiece,asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.

3.Whatdoweknowaboutthe1904posterHenryWellgedesigned?

A.Itisrareintheworld.B.Itisinblackandwhite.

C.Itisprintedoncloth.D.Itisownedbyaprofessor.

破解：第一步：審讀題干，畫出關(guān)鍵詞the1904posterHenryWellgeo第二步：根據(jù)最后一段“Thisisauniquepiece,

asposterssuchasthisonewereprintedonsoftpaperandveryfewhavesurvived.（這是一件獨(dú)特的作品，因?yàn)橄襁@樣

的海報(bào)是印在軟紙上的，很少有幸存下來(lái)）”可知，1904年亨利?韋爾奇設(shè)計(jì)的海報(bào)在世界上很罕見。第三步：核

對(duì)選項(xiàng)，同義詞替換unique對(duì)應(yīng)rare。故選A。

變式：（2024年浙江1月真題）

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall-nottoshelterfromthe

rain.Agesagoright?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas2006.Iwasconductingauditions

（試演）formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandwork

formefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore"young

professional”.

AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslocked

outside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectory

Assistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady'smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimeto

getbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.

5.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?

A.Toplaceanurgentcall.B.Toputupanotice.

C.Toshelterfromtherain.D.Toholdanaudition.

破解：根據(jù)第二段第四句"So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady^managingagent,and

hadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.（所以,我打電話給電話查號(hào)

臺(tái)，接通了女房東的經(jīng)紀(jì)人，他們給了我一把備用鑰匙，剛好來(lái)得及在演員們到來(lái)之前回去。）”可知，作者在

2006年使用電話亭是為了撥打緊急電話。故選A。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二：推理判斷題

1.秘籍：推理判斷題需要采用深度閱讀法，采用文題結(jié)合的閱讀方式，理解文章中隱含的意思和邏輯關(guān)系，

從而得出正確的推斷。

第一步：采用先文題結(jié)合法，閱讀文章主旨段落，以便把握作者寫作意圖和方向。

第二步：審讀題干，提取關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文相關(guān)句子，再精準(zhǔn)翻譯。注意長(zhǎng)難句的結(jié)構(gòu)劃分，長(zhǎng)難句中常會(huì)

設(shè)置題目。

第三步：注意細(xì)節(jié)和邏輯關(guān)系，核對(duì)選項(xiàng)，得出正確答案。

（=]

典例精講（204高三?廣東?階段練習(xí)）

PhotographerXieJianguo'spassionforphotographingwildanimalsandpolarecologyisevidentinhisextensive

travels.HehastraveledtodestinationssuchasKenya,BotswanaandMadagascarninetimes.Furthermore,hehas

visitedtheArcticandAntarcticcontinentsmorethan30times.XiealsohasexploreddiverseregionsacrossEurope,

NorthAmerica,SouthAmerica,AsiaandAustralia,catchingtheremarkablebeautyofnaturethroughhiscamerason

numerousoccasions.

Since2012,Xiehasredirectedhiscamerastowardshishomeland,focusingontakingpicturesofwildlifeinChina.

Nowhisfootprintshavecoverednearlyalltheprovincesandregionsthroughoutthecountry.Hehasexplorednearly

100wildlifeprotectionareas,suchasSourceoftheThreeRivers,HohXil,QilianMountainandXishuangbanna.From

theadorablepandasinSichuantotheplayfulPallas'scatsinInnerMongolia,Xiehasdevotedhimselftodocumenting

thecountry'srareandendangeredanimals,whichshowcasesuniquenaturalandecologicalwondersofChina.

WhatcanwelearnaboutXiefromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.HefocusedontakingpicturesofChinesewonders.

B.Hewasenthusiasticaboutphotographingwildanimals.

C.Hewenttomanyplacestoenjoythebeautifulscenery.

D.Hetraveledabroadtoknowmoreaboutforeignculture.

破解：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“PhotographerXieJianguo'spassionforphotographingwildanimals（攝影師謝建

國(guó)對(duì)拍攝野生動(dòng)物的熱情）”可知，謝熱衷于拍攝野生動(dòng)物，故選B。

變式1：（2024?河北保定?一模）

EHanghasambitionsbeyondChina,too.Thefirm'sclosestcompetitorsareVblocopter,aGermancompany,anda

pairofCalifornianfirms,JobyAviationandArcherAviation.AllthreeareconductingtestflightsofpilotedeVTOLsof

variousdesigns.

Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.EVTOLswilldefinitelybringinahugeprofit.

B.EVTOLsarepopularworldwide.

C.EHangmayfacechallengesinexpandingfuturemarket.

D.EHangwillimproveitsdesigntodefeatcompetitors.

破解：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"EHanghasambitionsbeyondChina,too.Thefirm'sclosestcompetitorsare

Vblocopter,aGermancompany,andapairofCalifornianfirms,JobyAviationandArcherAviation.Allthreeare

conductingtestflightsofpilotedeVTOLsofvariousdesigns.（億航在中國(guó)以外也有野心。該公司最接近的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)

手是德國(guó)的Vblocopter公司，以及加州的兩家公司JobyAviation和ArcherAviationo這三家公司都在進(jìn)行各種

設(shè)計(jì)的有人駕駛電動(dòng)工具的試飛。）可知，從最后一段我們能推斷出億航未來(lái)拓展市場(chǎng)可能面臨挑戰(zhàn)。故選C

項(xiàng)。

變式2：

Infact,manyspeciesgrowoutoftheirspots,andthereasonsaren'tentirelyunderstood.AccordingtoGotanda,

patterningistypicallyconsideredmoreenergeticallycostlytoproducethanasingle,solidcolor.Butspotsdon'ttakea

lotofenergytogrowandmaintainatleastinthecaseofwhitespots.Theremustbeotherreasonstoexplaintheirloss,

hesaid.

WhichstatementmightGotandaagreewith?

A.Animalswithspotsonthebodyaremoreenergetic.

B.Spottedanimalsoftenexistinuniformsurroundings.

C.Thegrowthofanimalspotswillconsumelotsofenergy.

D.Therearemoretoexploreaboutthelossofanimalspots.

破解：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Theremustbeotherreasonstoexplaintheirloss,hesaid.（他說，肯定有其他

原因可以解釋斑點(diǎn)的消失。戶可知，但是斑點(diǎn)的生長(zhǎng)和維持（至少對(duì)于白斑點(diǎn)而言）不需要太多能量，應(yīng)該有

其他原因來(lái)解釋它們消失的情況，故Gotanda認(rèn)為關(guān)于動(dòng)物斑點(diǎn)的消失，還有更多值得探索的地方。故選D。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三：主旨大意題

秘籍：主旨大意題中的標(biāo)題歸納題屬于文章中心思想的精煉表達(dá)。標(biāo)題具有一定的特征，如以短語(yǔ)或祈使句形

式出現(xiàn)，醒目鮮明。段落大意題解題時(shí)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注段落第一句，段落第一句往往是段落的主旨句，有時(shí)會(huì)和段落

結(jié)尾句首尾呼應(yīng)。文章大意題解答時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章第一段和最后一段。第一段往往會(huì)點(diǎn)明文章的主要內(nèi)容

和線索，有時(shí)在各個(gè)段落的主旨句中也可以提煉文章的大意。

I—I

典例精講

Inlabstudies,childrentestedatages4and6showedmorewillingnesstogiveupthetokens（代金券）theyhad

earnedtofictionalchildreninneedwhentwoconditionswerepresent-iftheyshowedbodilychangeswhengiventhe

opportunitytoshareandhadexperiencedpositiveparentingthatmodeledsuchkindness.Thestudyinitiallyincluded

74preschool-agechildrenandtheirmothers.Theywereinvitedbacktwoyearslater,resultingin54mother-childpairs

whosebehaviorsandreactionswereanalyzedwhenthechildrenwere6.

Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theprocessoftheresearch.B.Theresultoftheexperiment.

C.Thereactionsofthechildren.D.TheimportanceofMom'slove.

破解：主旨大意題。通讀第二段內(nèi)容可知，該段介紹了對(duì)74名學(xué)齡前兒童進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)。首先在實(shí)驗(yàn)室針對(duì)兩

種情況對(duì)他們進(jìn)行模仿測(cè)試，兩年后又對(duì)這些母子的行為和反應(yīng)進(jìn)行分析。說明本段介紹的是研究的過程。選

項(xiàng)A與文意相符，故選A。

變式1：（2024?山東濟(jì)南?一模）

Anewstudyrevealsthatpigeons（鴿子）cantacklesomeproblemsjustlikeartificialintelligence,enablingthemto

solvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhastheorizedthatpigeonsemploya

problem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilartotheapproachusedinAImodelsbut

differsfromhumans'relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.Toexamineit,BrandonTurner,apsychology

professorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthenewstudy.

Inthestudy,thepigeonswerepresentedwithvariousvisualimages,includinglinesofdifferentwidthsandangles,

anddifferenttypesofrings.Thepigeonshadtopeck（啄）abuttonontherightorlefttoindicatethecategorytowhich

theimagebelonged.Iftheygotitcorrect,theyreceivedfood;iftheywerewrong,theyreceivednothing.Results

showedthat,throughtrialanderror,thepigeonsimprovedtheiraccuracyincategorizationtasks,increasingtheir

correctchoicesfromabout55%to95%.

Researchersbelievedpigeonsusedassociativelearning,whichislinkingtwophenomenawitheachother.For

example,itiseasytounderstandthelink,between“water"and"wet"."Associativelearningisfrequentlyassumedto

befartooprimitiveto.explaincomplexvisualcategorizationlikewhatwesawthepigeonsdo,“Turnersaid.Butthafs

exactlywhattheresearchersfound.

Theresearchers5AImodeltackledthesametasksusingjustthetwosimplemechanismsthatpigeonswere

assumedtouse:associativelearninganderrorcorrection.And,likethepigeons,theAImodellearnedtomaketheright

predictionstosignificantlyincreasethenumberofcorrectanswers.Forhumans,thechallengewhengiventaskslike

thosegiventopigeonsisthattheywouldtrytocomeupwithrulesthatcouldmakethetaskeasier;Butinthiscase,

therewerenorules,whichupsetshumans.

Whafsinteresting,though,isthatpigeonsusethismethodoflearningthatisverysimilartoAIdesignedby

humans,Turnersaid."Wecelebratehowsmartwearethatwedesignedartificialintelligence:atthesametime,we

regardpigeonsasnotcleveranimals,"hesaid.

Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Pigeons9trial-and-errormethodisrevealed

B.Pigeonsoutperformhumansintoughtasks

C."Notsmart“pigeonsmaybeassmartasAI

D.AImodelsafterpigeons5learningapproach

破解：根據(jù)第——段“Anewstudyrevealsthatpigeons（鴿子）cantacklesomeproblemsjustlikeartificialintelligence,

enablingthemtosolvedifficulttasksthatmightchallengehumans.Previousresearchhastheorizedthatpigeons

employaproblem-solvingstrategy,involvingatrial-and-errorapproach,whichissimilartotheapproachusedinAI

modelsbutdiffersfromhumans'relianceonselectiveattentionandruleuse.Toexamineit,BrandonTurner,a

psychologyprofessorattheOhioStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesconductedthenewstudy.（——項(xiàng)新的研究表明，

鴿子可以像人工智能一樣解決一些問題，使它們能夠解決可能挑戰(zhàn)人類的困難任務(wù)。先前的研究推測(cè)，鴿子采

用一種解決問題的策略，包括試錯(cuò)法，這與人工智能模型中使用的方法類似，但不同于人類對(duì)選擇性注意和規(guī)

則使用的依賴。為了檢驗(yàn)這一點(diǎn)，俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授布蘭登?特納和他的同事進(jìn)行了這項(xiàng)新研究）”以

及縱觀全文可知，文章主要講述了研究表明鴿子在某些問題解決上的能力與人工智能相似，因此選項(xiàng)C"Not

smarf,pigeonsmaybeassmartasAI（“不聰明”的鴿子可能和人工智能一樣聰明）”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四：詞義猜測(cè)題

秘籍：對(duì)于詞義猜測(cè)題，可以根據(jù)上下文和語(yǔ)境的例證關(guān)系推斷詞義，也可以根據(jù)近義詞和反義詞幫助猜測(cè)詞

義。

r~~1

典例精講（2024?河北保定?一模）

AnyoneeagertoviewfromhighthecityscapesofGuangdong,aprovinceinsouthernChina,maysoonbeableto

dosofromthecabinofaflyingtaxi.OnOctober13ththeCivilAviationAdministrationofChina（CAAC）awardeda

“typecertificate”,acrucialpieceofaviationpaperwork,totheworld'sfirstelectricverticaltake-offandlanding

（eVTOL）taxi.Andincasethatdoesnotsoundfuturisticenough,thesmalltwo-seater,calledtheEH216-S,wasalso

clearedtoflywithoutapilotonboard.

TheEH216-SismadebyEHang,acompanybasedinGuangdong.Itlookslikeascaled-upconsumerdrone（無(wú)人

機(jī)）withapassengerbubblemountedontop.Propulsion（動(dòng)力）isprovidedby16smallrotors（轉(zhuǎn)子），mountedonthe

tipsofeightarmsthatfoldawaywhenthevehicleisnotinuse,allowingittoparkinsmallspaces.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cleared“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Produced.B.Approved.C.Removed.D.Tested.

破解：根據(jù)第一段中“Andincasethatdoesnotsoundfuturisticenough,thesmalltwo-seater,calledtheEH216-S,was

alsoclearedtoflywithoutapilotonboard.”（如果這聽起來(lái)不夠未來(lái),這款名為EH216-S的小型雙座飛機(jī)也cleared

在沒有飛行員的情況下飛行）以及第三段中“TheCAACgaveitsapprovalafterEHanghadconductedmorethan

40,000testflights,includingwithvolunteerpassengersin18citiesacrossChina.”（在億航進(jìn)行了4萬(wàn)多次試飛后，

包括在中國(guó)18個(gè)城市進(jìn)行的自愿乘客試飛，中國(guó)民航局批準(zhǔn)了這一計(jì)劃。）中的approval提示可知，此處為這

款名為EH216-S的小型雙座飛機(jī)也被允許在沒有飛行員的情況下飛行。故可猜測(cè)劃線單詞cleared為“允許”的意

思,結(jié)合選項(xiàng)B項(xiàng)Approved“批準(zhǔn)，允許”意思一致。故選B項(xiàng)。

變式1：Theyfoundthatfarmerstypicallyusehybrid（雜交）seeds,whichmustberepurchasedeachyear,togrowa

diverserangeofvegetablesinthefloatinggardens.Thegardensarealsosensitivetopests,sofarmersendupspending

somemoneyonbothpesticidesandfertilizers.Butevenwiththoseexpenses,theyfound,benefitsoutweighedcosts.

Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthegardensasfromtraditional

ricefields.

破解：根據(jù)戈ij線詞下文“Onefarmertoldtheresearchteamthatheearnsuptofourtimesasmuchmoneyfromthe

gardensasfromtraditionalricefields.”可知,一位農(nóng)民告訴研究小組，他從菜園中賺到的錢是從傳統(tǒng)稻田中賺到

的錢的四倍，故此處想表達(dá)的是即使農(nóng)民最終會(huì)在殺蟲劑和肥料上花一些錢，但是收益也會(huì)大于成本。故

outweighed意為“大于故選C項(xiàng)。

變式2：“Itisnotasovertapatternassomethinglikeastickinsectthatbecomessomethingelseentirely,whichcanbe

clearlyidentified.Butspotsdocreatethesethree-dimensionaleffectsthathelpsomespecieshidebetter,saidGotanda.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"overt“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Obvious.B.Strange.C.Hidden.D.Complex.

破解：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后面的內(nèi)容“l(fā)ikeastickinsectthatbecomessomethingelseentirely,whichcanbe

clearlyidentified.（它不像竹節(jié)蟲那樣明顯地變成了完全不同的東西，這是可以清楚識(shí)別的。戶可知，斑點(diǎn)幼崽并

不像竹節(jié)蟲那樣變成完全不同的東西，能被清晰地識(shí)別出來(lái)。由此猜測(cè)劃線詞與A選項(xiàng)“Obvious.（明顯的）”為同

義詞。故選A。

搶分通關(guān)

1.（2024高三?廣東東莞?模擬測(cè)試）

Hibernation（冬眠）isaclassictopicofsciencefiction.Inmoviessuchas2001:ASpaceOdyssey,Alien,or

Passengers,crewmembersareputintoastateofsleeptotakeyear-longjourneystospace.Nowanewstudyfrom

WashingtonUniversityhasshownthathumanhibernationmaysoonbecomeareality.

Theresearchteamcarriedouttestsonrats——animalsthatdonotnaturallyhibernate.Theyfirstidentifiedagroup

ofneurons（神經(jīng)元）inadeepbrainregion,whichwerefoundtobeinvolvedincontrollingbodytemperatureduring

hibernation.Theyshowedthat,inmice,theseneuronscouldbestimulatedusingultrasound（超聲波），whichwas

deliveredthroughahelmetwithoutcausinganinjury.

Whenreceivingtheultrasound,themiceshowedadropinbodytemperatureofabout3℃,andtheirheartratesfell

byabout47%.Whentheultrasoundsystemwasswitchedoff^theywokeupagain.Theresultwas'"surprisingand

fascinating”,saidHongChen,aprofessorwholedthework.

Researchersarealsotryingtodeterminehowtoharnessthepowerofhibernationtohelphumans.Theybelieve

thatitcouldbekeytoaddressinghealthconditionslikeheartdisease,andAlzheimer's.Furthermore,hibernation's

abilitytoslowaging,whichwasobservedinbats,couldbenefitspaceexploration,enablinglongermissionswithless

foodrequirements.Researchinanimalsalsosuggeststhatbodiesofhibernatingastronautsmightloselessboneand

muscle,makingthemfitandreadytostartchallengingexplorationsoonaftertheywakeup.

Byunlockingthesecretsofthisremarkableprocess,researchersmayuncoverwaystoimprovehumanhealth,as

wellasgainnewinsightsintothenaturalworld.Therefore,theexplorationofhibernationisanexcitingareathatissure

toyieldnumerousbenefitsintheyearstocome.

Thescientistsnowplantolookathowloweredbodytemperaturemightaffectthecognitiveabilitiesofhumans.

“Ournextexperimentswilltestworkingmemoryinmonkeys.Thisisimportantbecausewhileastronautsphysically

hibernateastheyflyintodeepspace,theirbrainstillneedstobeworking,saidChen.

1.Howdidresearchersputratsintohibernation?

A.Byloweringtheirbodytemperature.

B.Byactivatingspecificbrainneurons.

C.Byputtingaregularhelmetonthem.

D.Byusingultrasoundthroughanoperation.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harness“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Employ.B.Challenge.C.Overlook.D.Discover.

3.Whatadvantagemighthibernationbringtohumans?

A.Itimprovespeople'smentalhealth.

B.Itpredictsavarietyofheartdiseases.

C.Ithelpsastronautskeepphysicallyfit.

D.Itenablesastronautstobuildupmuscle.

4.Whafsthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Topointoutthesignificanceofthestudy.

B.Tobringoutthefocusoffollow-upstudies.

C.Todiscussotherfactorsaffectinghibernation.

D.Toexplainpracticalapplicationsofthefinding.

【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。這篇文章介紹了一項(xiàng)來(lái)自華盛頓大學(xué)的研究，顯示人類冬眠可能很快成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。

研究人員認(rèn)為，利用冬眠的力量可能有助于解決心臟病和阿爾茨海默病等健康問題，并在太空探索中帶來(lái)好處,

如減少食物需求和保護(hù)骨骼肌肉。他們計(jì)劃進(jìn)一步研究降低體溫對(duì)人類認(rèn)知能力的影響。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theyfirstidentifiedagroupofneurons（神經(jīng)元）inadeepbrainregion,whichwere

foundtobeinvolvedincontrollingbodytemperatureduringhibernation.Theyshowedthat,inmice,theseneurons

couldbestimulatedusingultrasound（超聲波），whichwasdeliveredthroughahelmetwithoutcausinganinjury.（他們

首先確定了大腦深部區(qū)域的一組神經(jīng)元，這些神經(jīng)元被發(fā)現(xiàn)與冬眠期間控制體溫有關(guān)。他們證明，在老鼠身上，

可以用超聲波刺激這些神經(jīng)元，超聲波通過頭盔傳遞而不會(huì)造成傷害。）”以及第三段中“Whenreceivingthe

ultrasound,themiceshowedadropinbodytemperatureofabout3℃,andtheirheartratesfellbyabout47%.Whenthe

ultrasoundsystemwasswitchedoff,theywokeupagain.（當(dāng)接受超聲波時(shí)，小鼠的體溫下降了約3℃,心率下降了

約47%。當(dāng)超聲波系統(tǒng)被關(guān)閉時(shí)，他們又醒了。）“可知，研究者首先確定老鼠大腦中控制體溫相關(guān)的神經(jīng)元，

通過超聲波刺激這些神經(jīng)元，導(dǎo)致老鼠體溫下降，由此進(jìn)入冬眠。由此推斷通過刺激老鼠大腦中的神經(jīng)元可以

讓老鼠冬眠。故選B。

2.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段劃線詞后的內(nèi)容“thepowerofhibernationtohelphumans（冬眠幫助人類的力量）”以及

后文“Theybelievethatitcouldbekeytoaddressinghealthconditionslikeheartdisease,andAlzheimer's.（他彳門認(rèn)為，

這可能是解決心臟病和阿爾茨海默病等健康問題的關(guān)鍵。）”可知，研究者正在研究使用冬眠來(lái)幫助人類解決心

臟病和阿爾茨海默病等健康問題，故人類正在努力嘗試?yán)枚摺９蕜澗€詞與A選項(xiàng)“Employ.（利用）”為同義詞。

故選A。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中“Researchinanimalsalsosuggeststhatbodiesofhibernatingastronautsmight

loselessboneandmuscle,makingthemfitandreadytostartchallengingexplorationsoonaftertheywakeup.（對(duì)動(dòng)物

的研究也表明，冬眠的宇航員的身體可能會(huì)失去更少的骨骼和肌肉，使他們?cè)谛褋?lái)后很快就能開始具有挑戰(zhàn)性

的探索。)”可知，冬眠的宇航員的身體可能會(huì)損失更少的骨骼肌肉，使他們?cè)谔K醒后能夠保持健康，并且可以

立即開始具有挑戰(zhàn)性的探索任務(wù)即冬眠幫助宇航員保持身體健康。故選Co

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“"Ournextexperimentswilltestworkingmemoryinmonkeys.Thisisimportant

becausewhileastronautsphysicallyhibernateastheyflyintodeepspace,theirbrainstillneedstobeworking,said

Chen.(“我們的下一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)將測(cè)試猴子的工作記憶。這很重要，因?yàn)楫?dāng)宇航員在太空深處飛行時(shí)，他們的身體處

于冬眠狀態(tài)，他們的大腦仍然需要工作「')”可知，最后一段強(qiáng)調(diào)的是下一階段將在猴子身上展開研究，由此最

后一段的目的是引出后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)。故選B。

2.(2024?山東濟(jì)南?一模)

Makingtinyfurnitureisnopieceofcake.Inthiscourse,joinAmandaKelly,whoisnowpursuingherMaster's

degreeofFineArtsinSculptureatRadfordUniversity,tolearnhowtocreaterealisticfurniturefromthebeginning.

Whilestudentswhohavetakenthiscoursearehighlyencouragedtosignup,studentsofalllevelsarewelcome!

CourseOverview

Thiscourseincludesfivesessions,eachlastingfor2hoursonfiveTuesdaysbeginningonNovember7.

Session1(Tuesday,11/7,7一9:00PM)FoundationsandScale

Session2(Tuesday,11/14,7一9:00PM)MakingtheSideTable

Session3(Tuesday,11/21,7—9:00PM)MakingtheBed

Session4(Tuesday,11/28,7一9:00PM)OnePerson'sWasteIsAnother'sTinyTreasure

Session5(Tuesday,12/5,7一9:00PM)SharingYourCreations

PricingOptions

Inadditiontofull-priceticketsof$225,alimitednumberofno-payticketsareavailableforthiscourse.Please

notethattheseticketsarereservedforthosewhowouldnototherwisebeabletotakethiscourseandwhoexpectto

attendallsessions.No-payticketsaredistributedviaarandomdrawingtwoweeksbeforeeachcoursebegins.Formore

informationandtoapplyforano-payspot,pleaseclickhere.

WhatElsetoKnow

Thisisaninteractive,small-groupworkshop.Studentsareencouragedtoparticipateindiscussionsandworkon

assignmentsoutsideofclass.Duetotheinteractivenatureofthiscourse,westronglyrecommendstudentsattendas

manylivesessionsaspossible.Ifstudentsareunabletoattendthelivesessions,aftereachsessiontheywillreceive

accesstoarecordingofthelivesession,whichtheycanwatchforuptotwoweeksafterthecourseconcludes.

5.Inwhichsessionmaystudentsdisplaytheirworks?

A.Session2.B.Session3.C.Session4.D.Session5.

6.Whatcanstudentsdoiftheymissalivesession?

A.Reachouttootherstudents.

B.Emailtheinstructorimmediately.

C.Makeupfortheclasswithin72hours.

D.Watchtherecordedclasswithin14days.

7.Whatisthetext?

A.Aresearchpaper.B.Asubmissionguide.

C.Acourseintroduction.D.Afurniturebrochure.

【答案】5.D6.D7.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了一個(gè)制作家具的課程，主要涵蓋課程概述、價(jià)格、其他須知事項(xiàng)等信

息。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CourseOverview中“Session5（Tuesday,12/5,7一9:00PM）SharingYourCreations（第五節(jié)

（星期二，12月5日，晚上7至9點(diǎn)）分享你的創(chuàng)作）”可知，學(xué)生將在第五節(jié)課中展示自己的作品。故選D項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhatElsetoKnow中“Ifstudentsareunabletoattendthelivesessions,aftereachsessionthey

willreceiveaccesstoarecordingofthelivesession,whichtheycanwatchforuptotwoweeksafterthecourse

concludes.（如果學(xué)生不能參加現(xiàn)場(chǎng)課程，在每次課程結(jié)束后，他們將獲得現(xiàn)場(chǎng)課程的錄像，在課程結(jié)束后，他

們可以觀看長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩周的時(shí)間）”可知，如果學(xué)生錯(cuò)過了現(xiàn)場(chǎng)課程，他可以在14天內(nèi)觀看錄制的課程。故選D項(xiàng)。

7.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中"InthiscoursejoinAmandaKelly,whoisnowpursuingherMaster飛

degreeofFineArtsinSculptureatRadfordUniversity,tolearnhowtocreaterealisticfurniturefromthebeginning.（在

本課程中，加入現(xiàn)在正在萊德福德大學(xué)攻讀雕塑藝術(shù)碩士學(xué)位的AmandaKelly,學(xué)習(xí)如何從頭開始創(chuàng)造現(xiàn)實(shí)的

家具）”可推知，文章應(yīng)該是一篇制作家具的課程的介紹，旨在與讀者分享該課程的相關(guān)信息：課程概述、價(jià)格、

其他須知事項(xiàng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.（2024高三?河北石家莊?階段練習(xí)）

“Thankyouforapplyingfortheposition,theemailread."Yourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.Wewishyou

everysuccessinsecuringasuitablepositioninthefuture.^^Ireceivedtheemail2weeksafteraninterview.

WhenIreadit,Ifeltdisappointedandangry.I'dspenthourspreparingfortheinterviewandintheend,Ididn't

evenknowwhyIwasn'tsuccessful!a4HowcanIadaptmyjobsearchapproachifIdon'tknowwhatwentwrong?”

Thevalueofthatkindoffeedback（反饋）becameobvioustomeafewmonthslater.Afterapplyingforajobata

consultingcompany,Ispentmonthsworkingmywaythroughtheinterviewprocessbeforegettingaphonecall.

（"Unfortunately,wedecidedtoofferthejobtosomeoneelse,^^thevoicesaid.Again,thefeelingIgotfromthatrejection

emailappeared.Buttheconversationwasn'tover."Wouldyouliketohearfeedbackfromus?”thecompany

representativeasked.

TherepresentativewentontotellmeIhadn'tclearlyshownmymotivationforapplyingforthepositionandwhy

Iwantedtoworkforthecompany.Thefeedbackwastoughtohear.ButIquicklyrealizedtheywereright.After

completingmyPh.D.inGermany,mytoppriorityhadbeentofindapositioninPoland.SoIwasn'tveryselective

aboutwhatIhadappliedfor.ThejobattheconsultingcompanywassomethingIcoulddo,butIdidn'tfeelpassionate

aboutit-andthatwasclearlyshownintheinterviewprocess.

Fromthenon,IonlypursuedthejobsthatIwaspassionateabout.Inmyapplications,Ialsobeganstatingmore

clearlywhyIwantedthatjob.Soontheapproachpaidoff.IgotanofferforapostdocpositioninPolandthatIwas

trulyexcitedabout.

Now,whenearly-careerscientistsinterviewforpositionsinmylab,Ikeepthatexperienceinmind.Iftheydon't

gettheposition,Iwilltellthemwhyandwhattheycandotoimprovetheirjobapplicationsgoingforward.

8.Whatdidtheauthorexpecttoreadintherejectionemail?

A.Reasonsforfailure.